SE123169C1

SE123169C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE123169C1
Application number: SE66345A
Authority: SE
Original assignee: "Patelhold" Patentverwertungs & Elektroholding Ag
Priority date: 1944-02-01
Filing date: 1945-01-26
Publication date: 1948-11-09
Also published as: BE460673A; FR912615A; CH252630A; GB622290A; US2508280A; NL66513C

Description

Uppfinnare: F. Inventor: F.

Prioritet begard froin den 1 februari 1944 (Schweiz). Priority requested froin on February 1, 1944 (Switzerland).

I:ppfinningen hanfor sig till en anordning med elektronror for ultrakorta elektromagnetiska svangningar, vilken uppvisar atminstone en katod, en gentemot denna positivt forspand, av segment bestaende anod och ett magnetf alt, varvid mellan varandra narliggande anodsegment en hOgfrekvent vaxelspanning ligger, varvid enligt uppfinningen pa atminstone tillnarmelsevis konstant avstand Iran anoden är anordnad eli atininstone Over sin storre del av elektronerna icke genoingangen, med stora ytor forsedd ledelektrod, vilken atminstone ungefar har katodpotential, varvid elektronerna fOrlOpa i banor mellan denna ledelektrod och anoden, varjamte katoden ãr anordnad excentriskt med avseende pa roraxeln. The invention relates to a device with electron tubes for ultra-short electromagnetic oscillations, which has at least one cathode, a positive anode consisting of segments and a magnetic field opposite it, an anode segment of adjacent anode segments lying between each other, at least approximately constant distance Iran the anode is arranged eli atininstone Over its major part of the electrons not the geno input, with large surfaces provided lead electrode, which at least has cathode potential, the electrons flowing in paths between this lead electrode and the anode, each with respect to the cathode roraxeln.

Inom omradet for de ultrakorta elektriska -vagorna aro i huvudsak tre principiellt frim varandra skilda rortyper kanda, namligen bromsfaltroren, magnetronroren och klystronroren. Pet i anordningen enligt uppfinningen ingaende elektronroret kan med hansyn till sitt verkningssatt jamforas med loptidsror med tathetsmodulerad elektronstrale men annu mera med magnetronroren. Gentemot dessa uppvisar det dock mycket utpraglade och vasentliga skillnader och bildar .darfor en principieln fly rortyp for ultrakortvagsomradet. In the field of the ultra-short electric waves, there are essentially three fundamentally different types of tubes known to each other, namely the brake field tube, the magnetron tube and the klystron tube. With regard to its actuated tube, the pet in the device according to the invention can be compared with mating tubes with density-modulated electron beam but even more with the magnetron tube. Compared to these, however, it shows very pronounced and essential differences and therefore forms a principled escape rudder type for the ultra-short-range area.

Elektronrorets verkningssatt bestar dad, att de av katoden emitterade elektronerna inkomma i ett av hjalpelektroden och anoden begransat rum, i vilket de underkastas inverkan av det mellan anodsegmenten hdrskande vaxelfaltet, av det Indian anoden och katoden resp. ledelektroden fOrhandenvaran- Lieoch av det anlagda mag- netfaltet. Under inflytande av dessa falt rora sig elektronerna i mellan anoden .och ledelektroden forlopande banor. Genom vaxelfaltet pa anodsegmenten framkallas en hastighetsmodulering has de i riirelse befintliga elektronerna, vilken vid de senares fortsatta lopp forvandlas till en tathetsmodulering. Elektronhopklumpningarna aterverka i sin tur pa anodsegmenten och skapa pa dessa genom influens laddningar, varigenom de hogfrekventa sliingningarna fOrstarkas. floret kan aven anvandas i mottagarekopplingar for avdampning och forstarkning av elektriska svangningar. The actuation of the electron tube consists in the fact that the electrons emitted by the cathode enter a space delimited by the auxiliary electrode and the anode, in which they are subjected to the influence of the alternating field between the anode segments, by the Indian anode and the cathode resp. the lead electrode in front of the applied magnetic field. Under the influence of these, the electrons move in paths between the anode and the lead electrode. Through the gear fold on the anode segments, a velocity modulation is induced when the electrons present in motion are transformed, which in the further course of the latter is transformed into a density modulation. The electron clumps in turn act on the anode segments and create on them through influence charges, whereby the high-frequency loops are amplified. the floret can also be used in receiver couplings for evaporation and amplification of electrical oscillations.

ROret har olika vasentliga fordelar: Kato-den kan utfOras pa enkelt satt. Ett gott vakuum kan framstallas utan stora svarigheter. Den vid magnetronroren besvarande och skadliga ateruppvarmningen genom elektronerna och de positiva jonerna undvikes peaktiskt taget; ty elektronerna atervanda icke siisom vid dessa efter vane svangning till ornedelbar narhet av glodelektroden, enar deras banor forlopa Indian en ledelektrod och anoden och de positiva jonerna till storre delen falla pa hjalpelektroden och icke pa glodkatoden. Elektronernas vag frail katoden till anoden kan goras godtyckligt Fang. Vi-dare hliva anordningens enligt uppfinmngen dimensioner icke ofordelaktigt sma vid svangningar inom centimetervagsomradet. Och slutligen ernas en optimal -verkningsgrad, som icke star verkningsgraden hos de kanda magnetronroren efter. The pipe has several essential advantages: The cathode can be made in a simple way. A good vacuum can be produced without major similarities. The responsive and harmful reheating by the electron tubes and the positive ions is practically avoided; for the electrons do not return to them as usual after oscillation to indivisible proximity of the glow electrode, their paths orbit the Indian a lead electrode and the anode and the positive ions for the most part fall on the auxiliary electrode and not on the glow cathode. The vague frail of the electrons cathode to the anode can be done arbitrarily. Furthermore, the dimensions of the device according to the invention are not unfavorably small in the case of oscillations within the centimeter carriage area. And finally, there is an optimal efficiency, which does not match the efficiency of the known magnetron tubes.

Uppfinningen shall nu narmare forklaras med ledning av foljande utforingsexempel. Fig. 1 och 2 pa ritningen visa utforingsformer av elektronroret enligt uppfinningen, medan 0. 3-6 visa utfOrimfsformer RV katoden och ledelektroden. The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the following exemplary embodiments. Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawing show embodiments of the electron tube according to the invention, while 0. 3-6 show embodiments of the RV cathode and the lead electrode.

I det i fig. 1 visade utforingsexemplet av cylindrisk typ betyder 1 en elektronemitterande gladkatod, 2 en ledelektrod och 11 en vid anodpotential hallen halrumsresonator. Den senare begransas :av en cylinderformig yttre mantel 3, av tva. sidova.ggar 4 (av vilka blott den ens ar synlig) och av anodsegmenten 5. Vidare finnes ett icke visat, i axelns 2— — 6 riktning orienterat magnetfalt. Ledelektroden 2 har samma potential som katoden 1, sit alt ett radiellt utat riktat elektriskt likspanningsfalt är fOrhanden. In the exemplary embodiment of cylindrical type shown in Fig. 1, 1 means an electron-emitting happy cathode, 2 a lead electrode and 11 a hall space resonator at anode potential. The latter is delimited: by a cylindrical outer shell 3, by two. side walls 4 (of which only it is even visible) and of the anode segments 5. Furthermore, there is a magnetic field, not shown, oriented in the direction 2-6 of the axis. The lead electrode 2 has the same potential as the cathode 1, since a radially outwardly directed electric direct current asphalt is available.

Under drift lopa de av katoden 1 emitterade elektronerna under inverkan ity det radiella elektriska och det axiella magnetiska faltet i cykloidbanor mellan ledelektroden 2 och anodsegmenten 5 i mikrovilgrorets omkretsriktning. Vid sylingande hidrumsresonator 11 upptrader mellan mot yarandra gransande segment 5, vilka i huvudsak representera hatrumsresonatorns kapacitet, onivaxlande motsatta positiva orb negativa laddningar, sit att mellan dessa ett hogfrekvent vaxelfalt är forhanden. Detta vaxelfillt framkallar i India med vad fallet ar yid klystronroret hastighetsfiirandringar hos de kretsande elektronerna, varav yid elektronernas fortsatta lopp en hopklumpning av elektronerna framkallas. Dessa tathetsvaxlingar framkalla i sin tur genom influensverkan en forstoring av det hogfrekventa vaxelfaltet mellan anodsegmenten, sä att sviingningarna forstarkas. Elektronhopklumpningarna, som ha avgivit sin energi, anlanda slutligen till anoden. During operation, the electrons emitted by the cathode 1 travel under the influence of the radial electric and the axial magnetic field in cycloid paths between the lead electrode 2 and the anode segments 5 in the circumferential direction of the microwave. In the case of syringe-like resonator 11, segments 5 which adjoin each other, which mainly represent the capacitance of the hate-space resonator, unequivocally opposite positive orb negative charges occur, there is a high-frequency alternating field between them. This gear field in India, as is the case with the encyclopedia, causes velocity changes in the orbiting electrons, of which the continued course of the electrons causes a clumping of the electrons. These frequency shifts, in turn, cause an increase in the high-frequency gear field between the anode segments through the influence effect, so that the oscillations are amplified. The electron clumps, which have given off their energy, finally arrive at the anode.

I allmanhet komma praktiskt taget alla elektroner efter ett belt ,ontlopp kring elektronrOrets axel att antingen vara absorberade av ledelektroden eller att ha avlagsnat sig mycket langt fran derma, sa att inga elektroner langre komma fram till giodkatoden 1 varfor icke heller den vid magnetronroren kanda ateruppviirmningen genom desamma upptrader. Men Sven en ateruppviirmning genom eventuellt forhandenvarande, av gasrester betingade positiva joner Sr praktiskt tawl betydelselos, ty dessa joner upptimgas har sa alt saga uteslutande av ledelektroden 2. florets verkningsgrad dr given genom forhallandet mellan anodsegmentens bredd orb segmentens avstand fran ledelektroden, orb vaglangden hos de aIstrade svangningarna Sr i en forsta approximation en funktion ity den Om sesidiga kapaeiteten hos anodsegmenten per Ifingdenhet i omicretsriktningen, av segmentens 5 avstand fran manteln 3 i fig. 1 och av halrumsresonatorns axiella langd. Enar dessutom konstruktiva hansyn inyerka ph dimensioneringen av segmenten, kan antalet segment yid de olika roren vaxla inom nrycket yida granser. Antalet segment orb (tanned 1i:wets effekt kan vid oforandrad vaglangd stegras praktiskt taget godtyckligt. Delta Sr en principiell fordel has uppfinningen gentemot de kanda mikrovagsgeneratorerna. In general, practically all electrons after a belt, escape around the axis of the electron tube, are either absorbed by the lead electrode or have moved very far from it, so that no electrons reach the iodine cathode 1 anymore. the same performer. But Sven a reappearance by any available, positive residues due to gas residues Sr practically tawl insignificant, for these ions optimized has so to speak exclusively of the lead electrode 2. floret efficiency dr given by the ratio between the width of the anode segments orb the segments distance from the lead electrode, In a first approximation, the oscillations Sr illustrated a function of the circumferential capacitance of the anode segments per unit length in the circumferential direction, of the distance of the segments 5 from the jacket 3 in Fig. 1 and of the axial length of the cavity resonator. In addition to the constructive approach to the dimensioning of the segments, the number of segments in the various tubes can vary within the range of boundaries. The number of segments orb (tanned 1i: wets power can be increased at virtually unchanged wavelength practically arbitrarily. Delta Sr has a fundamental advantage over the invention over the known microwave generators.

Fig. 2 visar ett andra utforingsexempel tvarsektion. Betydelsen av hanvisningsbeteckningarna Sr densamma som i fig. 1. Katoden 1 Sr har utbildad som spiral. Dessutom Oro sidoplattor 7 anordnade och galvaniskt forbundna med hjalpelektroden 2 for att hindra en utstralning av hogfrekvensenergi och for att undvika en icke onskad avlankning av elektronerna. I och for avagabringande av energiuttagning Sr ledningsslingan 8 anordnad. Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment cross section. The meaning of the male reference numerals Sr is the same as in Fig. 1. The cathode 1 Sr has formed as a spiral. In addition, Oro side plates 7 are arranged and galvanically connected to the auxiliary electrode 2 in order to prevent a radiation of high-frequency energy and to avoid an undesired deflection of the electrons. In order to provide energy extraction, the line loop 8 is arranged.

AV vasentlig betydelse Sr utformningen av katod och ledelektrod. I fig. 3-6 aro olika utforingsformer visade. Vid dessa beteeknar som fond 1 katoden orb 2 ledelektroden. I fig. 3 omsluter ledelektroden katoden pit den fran anoden vanda sidan och Sr till foljd harav fullstandigt sluten i omkretsriktningen. Enligt fig. 4 och 5 Sr en styrelektrod 9 anordnad, vilken foretradesvis givits en gentemot ledelektroden nagot negativ potential. Styrelektroden 9 kart vara utbildad pa liknande siitt som en wehneltcylinder. Vid den med initt riktade falser 10 fOrsedda ledelektroden 2 enligt fig. 6 Sr det lampligt att giva glodkatoden 1 en gentemot elektroden 2 negativ forspanning. Vid en annan utformning av ledelektroden 2 i narheten av katoden 1 resp. styrelektroden 9 hefinner sig katoden icke i ledeylinderns 2 yin utan migot utanfOr denna. Styrelektroderna 9 kunna givas en konstant eller foranderlig potential. AN/en spanningen mellan katod och ledelektrod kan valet fliranderlig. Of vital importance is the design of the cathode and lead electrode. In Figs. 3-6 different embodiments are shown. At these, as fund 1, the cathode orb 2 denotes the lead electrode. In Fig. 3, the lead electrode encloses the cathode pit from the water side of the anode and Sr as a result thereof is completely closed in the circumferential direction. According to Figs. 4 and 5, a gate electrode 9 is arranged, which is preferably given a somewhat negative potential with respect to the lead electrode. The gate electrode 9 must be formed in a similar manner to a wehnelt cylinder. In the lead electrode 2 provided with alignment 10 aligned with Fig. 6, it is appropriate to give the glow cathode 1 a negative bias voltage relative to the electrode 2. In another design of the lead electrode 2 in the vicinity of the cathode 1 resp. the control electrode 9, the cathode is not in the yin of the lead cylinder 2 but in the outside of it. The control electrodes 9 can be given a constant or changing potential. The voltage between the cathode and the lead electrode can fluctuate.

Aven i Ovrigt Sr uppfinningen naturligtvis icke begransad till utforingsexemplen. Anod orb ledelektrod behova icke ha formen av cirkeleylindrar titan kunna valet utbildade godtyckligt salt, hi. a. Sven yam utbildade plena. En dylik plan konstruktion uppstar exempelvis oni anordningen enligt fig. 1 med en genom katoden 1 gitende och i axeln 6 slutande yta uppskares oeh avrullas, varvid katoden has det sa bildade elektronroret befinner sig yid ena anden, medan hjalpelektroden och anoden bilda tva parallella plan. Aven yid derma anordning Sr magnetfaltets orientering vinkelrat mot halrumsresonatorns sidoplattor 4. Also in the rest of the invention the invention is of course not limited to the embodiments. Anode orb lead electrode need not have the shape of circular cylinders titanium be able to choice trained arbitrarily salt, hi. a. Sven yam educated plena. Such a planar construction arises, for example, in the device according to Fig. 1 with a surface passing through the cathode 1 and closing in the shaft 6, cut and unrolled, the cathode having the electron tube thus formed located in one end, while the auxiliary electrode and the anode form two parallel planes. Also in this device, the orientation of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the side plates 4 of the cavity resonator.

Sam katod lampar sig en spiral, en glodtradskatod eller en katod med stor yta; den kan yam . direkt eller indirekt upphettad. Den bestar antingen av en eller yid rOr med storre effekt av flera emitterande trild- eller spiralformiga katodledare, vilka iiro regelmassigt anordnade omedelbart bredyid varandra eller pit ledelektrodens omkrets. Sam cathode lamps a spiral, a filament cathode or a cathode with a large surface area; it can yam. directly or indirectly heated. It consists of either one or yid rOr with greater power of several emitting coiled or helical cathode conductors, which iiro regularly arranged immediately bredyid each other or the circumference of the pit lead electrode.

Ledelektroden kan alltefter omstandigheterna givas en konstant eller _foranderlig potential. The lead electrode can be given a constant or _changeable potential depending on the circumstances.

Eventuellt kunna liven extra styrgaller anordnas. It is possible that extra guide grilles can be arranged.

Anodsegmenten besta i allmanhet av bleckstrimlor eller av tradar eller stavar med exempelvis elliptisk, cirkelformig eller rektangular tvarsektion. The anode segments generally consist of tin strips or of trades or rods with, for example, an elliptical, circular or rectangular cross section.

Sasom svangningssystem tjanar i allmanhet en halrumsresonator, enar denna medfor sma elektriska forluster och uppvisar andra allmant kanda fordelar. Dess form kan dock avsevart avvika fran den i utforingsexemplen visade. ;liven en lechertrad visar sig — —3 i -vissa fall vara fordelaktig sasom svangningssystem. As oscillation systems generally serve a cavity resonator, this one entails small electrical losses and exhibits other generally known advantages. However, its shape may differ significantly from that shown in the embodiments shown. ; the life of a lechertrad turns out to be — —3 in some cases beneficial as an oscillation system.

Kylningen av de varmepaverkade delarna kan exempelvis ske genom straining, i det att de ifragavarande delarna svartas. Likasa kunna kylflansar anvandas for forstoring av ytan. Sarskilt vid hOgeffektror Sr det lampligt att anordna vattenkylning. De sarskilt av varme paverkade delarna franastallas av ett sarskilt varmebestandigt material, t. ex. tantal. The cooling of the heat-packed parts can take place, for example, by straining, in that the parts in question are blackened. Cooling flanges can also be used to enlarge the surface. Especially with high power It is convenient to arrange water cooling. The specially heat-affected parts are made of a particularly heat-resistant material, e.g. tantalum.

Forandringen av egenfrekvensen kan ske genom andring av halrumsresonatorns volym. Den kan ocksa genomfaras genom foranderligt djupindoppning av faltfortrangande medel vid orten for stor magnetisk eller elekfrisk energi, eller ()dish ken resonatorns kapacitet, exempelvis anodsegmentens omsesidiga kapacitet, varieras. Genom andring av avstamningen av en med halrumsresonatorn koppiad lechertrad har man en ytterligare mojlighet till frekvensandring. Slutligen kan aven magnetfaltets och/eller anodspanningens styrka for bestamda andamal goras fOranderlig. The change in the natural frequency can take place by changing the volume of the cavity resonator. It can also be carried out by variable depth immersion of field repellents at the location of large magnetic or electrical energy, or the () dish ken resonator capacity, for example the reciprocal capacity of the anode segments, is varied. By changing the pedigree of a lechertrade copied with the cavity resonator, you have an additional possibility for frequency change. Finally, the strength of the magnetic field and / or the anode voltage for certain purposes can also be made variable.

Claims

Patentanspr5.k;

Device with electron tubes for ultra-short electromagnetic oscillations, which at least has a cathode (1), an opposite positive bias, consisting of segments anode (5) and a magnetic field, an anode segment (5) adjacent to each other having a high-frequency alternating voltage is located, characterized by the fact that at at least an approximately constant distance from the anode an at least Over its larger part of the electrons is not traversed, with large surfaces provided with a lead electrode (2) is arranged, which at least has approximately cathode potential, and that the electrons run 1 bail between this lead electrode (2) and the anode (5), each of which the cathode (1) is arranged eccentrically with respect to the tube axis (6).

Device with electron tube according to patent claim 1, characterized in that the lead electrode (2) is cylindrically formed and arranged coaxially with the anode (5).

Device with electron tube according to claim 2, characterized in that the cathode (1) is arranged eccentrically with respect to the lead electrode.

Device according to patent claim 3, characterized in that the cylindrical lead electrode (2) in the longitudinal direction has atininstone a slot, parallel to which a cathode conductor (1) is arranged, which is located in or near the slot.

Device with electron tube according to patent claim 3, characterized in that the lead electrode (2) encloses the cathode (1) on the Iran anode (5) on the left side (Fig. 3).

Device with electron tubes according to claim 4, characterized in that the lead electrode (2) at the slots is provided with food-directed flanges (10, Fig. 6).

Device with electron tube according to claim 4, characterized by a cathode (1) debris-emitting additional electrode (9, Fig. 5), which reduces the number of the electrons intruding into the inner electrode (2). S. Device with electron tube according to patent claim 7, characterized by a control electrode (9) on the side of the cathode from the anode (5) (1, Fig. 4).

Device with electron tube according to patent claim 7, characterized in that the control electrode (9) has changeable potential.

Device with electron tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the cathode (1) consists of at least one tratlic cathode conductor.

Device with electron tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that the cathode (1) consists of at least one helical cathode conductor.

Device with an electron tube according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that a plurality of cathode conductors are regularly distributed over slots in the lead electrode (2).

Device with electron tubes according to claim 1, characterized in that the anode segments (5) form parts of a cavity resonator (3, 4).

Device with electron tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the hinge electrode (2) is connected to side plates (7), which delimit the discharge space and are arranged perpendicular to the magnetic field. Stockholm 1918. xun8l. Boktr. P. I. Norstedt & Saner 480089