RU94669U1 - DEVICE FOR SANITARY-HYGIENIC AIR TREATMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for sanitary and hygienic air treatment, containing an ionizer, an anti-dust filter, a catalytic filter with electrically conductive side plates located in the channel for the processed air flow, characterized in that a plasma torch is installed in the channel for the processed air, made in the form of a microwave resonator, equipped with a system of sharp metal electrodes made of refractory material and installed in the area of maximum electric field along the field strength line.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of climatic installations and air conditioning systems and can be used in residential and industrial premises, hospitals and laboratories, as well as on vehicles of any purpose for cleaning circulating (recirculated) air, for example, in airplanes, in cars, offices or hospitals.

Air purification is a long-standing task, and the difficulties associated with it are exacerbated when using recycled (recirculated) air, which occurs in many enclosed spaces, such as on ships, in cars, offices, in airplanes and in hospitals.

There are a number of inventions for air disinfection, for example (AS USSR 1691663, F24F 3/16, 10/15/91), which consists of a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles, and with a multi-stage filter, fan, dehumidifier and ozonizer.

The disadvantages of the known device include: increased noise, the presence of infrasonic vibrations, the complexity and unreliability of the design in operation, which limits the scope of its effective application.

Also known is a device for aeroionification and air purification (RF patent 2156169, class F24F 3/16, B03C 3/38, C01B 13/11, 09/20/2000), consisting of a corona negative electrode connected to the negative pole of the voltage - an emitter made in the form of a conductive ring with needles uniformly distributed in azimuth, connected to the positive pole of the same source of the positive electrode. The emitter needles are single-pointed, located in the plane of the emitter ring, pointed with their tips along the radii to the center of the ring. At the output of the device, a high-speed low-divergent stream of air cleaned from dust saturated with negative ions of oxygen is formed, which ensures uniform distribution of negative oxygen ions in the room.

The disadvantage of this device is the large size, with a relatively small performance, the difficulty of cleaning the electrodes.

Closest to the claimed is a device for sanitary-hygienic processing of air (RF patent No. 1623346 dated 05/27/1998), containing an ionizer and a dust filter, a high voltage source and an ozone generator and a catalytic filter arranged in series with the air stream with electrically conductive side plates. A dust filter is placed in front of the ozone generator, and an ionizer is installed after the catalytic filter. The ionizer also has its own high voltage source.

The disadvantage of this device is that it has a complex structure and low productivity, low ozone output; high specific energy consumption; the need for drainage and air purification.

The purpose of the utility model is to improve the quality of sanitary-hygienic processing of air through the use of oxidative processes, increase the degree of purification of air from dust, soot, bacteria, mists, suspensions, viruses, pollen, smoke, metal particles and mechanical impurities by means of mechanical filtration and ionization followed by them separation from air, and ozonation of air, catalysis; for air purification from nitrogen oxides, reducing weight and dimensions, cost, energy consumption, noise of the air purification device.

This object is achieved by the fact that in the device for sanitary-hygienic processing of air containing located in the channel for the flow of the treated air, an ionizer, a dust filter, a catalytic filter with electrically conductive side plates, a plasmatron made in the form of a microwave resonator is installed in the channel for the processed air equipped with a system of sharp metal electrodes made of their refractory material and installed in the region of the maximum electric field along the line of tension STI field.

Significant differences of the claimed solution from the known ones include the fact that the plasmatron, made in the form of a microwave resonator, equipped with a system of sharp metal electrodes made of refractory material, and installed in the region of the maximum electric field along the field strength line, where in a pulse-periodic pseudo-coronal microwave - a discharge of atmospheric pressure is the plasma treatment of the cleaned air.

A low-temperature gas-discharge plasma contains charged (electrons and ions), neutral (atoms and molecules) particles and some active products of plasma-chemical reactions, ultraviolet and, in some cases, X-rays. It is able to oxidize microorganisms, destroy the membranes and DNA of bacteria and viruses.

Remaining cold, the plasma does not destroy thermosensitive materials, which allows it to be widely used as a universal sterilizer.

Compared with the prototype, which uses a constant voltage source, the proposed device uses a high voltage nanosecond pulsed power source. The use of nanosecond pulses can significantly increase the energy deposition in a volume discharge (see E.P. Velikhov et al. Physical phenomena in a gas-discharge plasma. M: Nauka, 1987).

The reduction in energy consumption compared to the prototype is due to the short duration of the current pulse, matching output pulsed generator with parameters of the discharge gap.

Therefore, the claimed utility model meets the requirements of novelty.

The proposed embodiment of a device for sanitary-hygienic air treatment of the claimed utility model is presented in accordance with figure 1.

A device for sanitary processing of air contains located in the channel 1, for the flow of the treated air, a dust filter 2, a plasmatron 3, made in the form of a microwave resonator, including an inductor 4, a discharge chamber 5, a power supply 6, a catalytic filter 7 s electrically conductive side plates 8, equipped with its own high voltage source 9, an ionizer 10 with a power source 11. All elements are located along the air stream in a single housing. The dust filter 2 is placed in front of the plasmatron 3, and the ionizer 10 is installed after the catalytic filter 7.

A device for sanitary processing of air works as follows. After the organization of the movement of the stream of cleaned air through channel 1, the air stream, passing through the dust filter 2, is cleaned of dust, including solid aerosols that make up the smoke. As a dust filter 2, for example, you can apply filter material, which is a two-layer composition of polyacrylate fibers of the frontal (dust-tight) layer, consisting of fibers with an average diameter of 10 ... 12 μm, and the subsequent effective layer with an average fiber diameter of about 3 μm . Having passed the dust filter 2, the air enters the zone of the discharge chamber 5 at this time from the high voltage source 6, power is supplied to the inductor 4 of the plasmatron 3 in the discharge chamber 5, a low-temperature plasma is formed, characterized by a high-voltage electrostatic field and when a special discharge consists of a large amount low-intensity flows, widely covering the internal volume of channel 1.

The process of conversion of harmful substances occurs according to the following mechanism: polluted air passes through the discharge chamber 5, in which the destruction of harmful substances occurs under the influence of low-temperature plasma and other physicochemical factors. As a result of these influences, molecules, atoms and radicals are also excited, which qualitatively affects the operation of the catalytic filter 7 for air purification. As a result, the gas component is represented by ozone, nitrogen oxides, sometimes carbon monoxide, also the electromagnetic waves of the ultraviolet, infrared, light, and high-frequency ranges of the spectrum affect the air being treated; high degree of air ionization. Cold plasma is an effective means of inactivating various microorganisms.

High-intensity electrostatic field and cold plasma provide effective bactericidal treatment of air flow. In the process of plasma generation, partial ionization of the air flow occurs, including the harmful impurities contained in it. As a result of this, the molecules of harmful impurities receive a negative charge, which leads to their more active adsorption on the surface of the catalytic filter 7. All this provides an effective cleaning of the air flow from harmful impurities, in particular carbon. At the same time, the catalytic filter 7 neutralizes the remaining ozone.

From the source 9 of the high voltage to the electrically conductive side plates 8 of the catalytic filter 7, power is supplied (12 ... 15 kV). As electrically conductive plates, a conventional metal mesh can be used. This device uses a low-temperature catalytic filter 7 (for example, a palladium catalyst - AK-62). The palladium catalyst oxidizes carbon monoxide to dioxide. A layer of cupromite cleans the air of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and other harmful impurities and protects the palladium catalyst from poisoning. The catalytic filter 7, thanks to the plasma-chemical stage, begins to work effectively in the temperature range of 20 ... 500 ° C. Plasma-catalytic technology for purifying air from gaseous harmful substances is unique because it allows deep cleaning of the entire complex of toxic compounds to CO ₂ and H ₂ O, starting from low temperatures. In addition, cold plasma is unique in that, simultaneously with gas purification, the pathogenic air microflora are suppressed.

A voltage of 3 ... 5 kV is supplied to the ionizer 10 from a high voltage source 11.

After the catalytic filter 7, the air purified from dust, harmful impurities and bacteria enters the ionizer 10. The ionizer 10 creates natural levels of ionization in the air stream, after which the air is sent to the room.

The device is based on the effect of a low-temperature plasma of a sound discharge barrier discharge on toxic substances contained in air.

The low-temperature plasma of a sound-frequency barrier discharge “effectively destroys” and oxidizes gaseous molecules while simultaneously removing finely dispersed aerosol (particles with a diameter of less than 1 μm) from the air stream. The removal of fine aerosol from the air stream occurs due to the acquisition of a positive electric charge of sufficient magnitude upon contact with a low-temperature plasma of a sound-frequency barrier discharge.

A positive effect when using the proposed device is to improve the quality of air purification, and hence the quality of processing products on equipment that uses purified air.

Through the use of a three-stage cleaning process, which includes filtration, antimicrobial treatment and UV treatment, air recirculation can easily achieve a level of sanitation of more than 99%.

The proposed installation performs a full range of cleaning and deodorization of indoor air, including the additional effect of disinfection and decontamination (dryers, locker rooms, showers, apartments, etc.), in the processing of air, ozone is synthesized in an adjustable amount, therefore, not only oxidation-reduction reactions occur air purification from gas pollution, but also deep bacteriological air disinfection.

Claims (1)

A device for sanitary-hygienic processing of air, comprising an ionizer located in the channel for the flow of treated air, an anti-dust filter, a catalytic filter with electrically conductive side plates, characterized in that a plasmatron is installed in the channel for the processed air, made in the form of a microwave resonator equipped with a sharp metal electrodes made of refractory material and installed in the region of the maximum electric field along the line of field strength.