RU89646U1 - HYDRAULIC DAMPER - Google Patents

Abstract

A hydraulic vibration damper of a rolling stock, comprising a housing with a base and a cylinder located in the housing, in which the piston with the rod and the bottom is mounted to move, the cylinder is completely and the housing is partially filled with working fluid and sealed with a corrugated rubber cover, the base of the housing and the stem are provided with eyes, the rod is passed with a minimum clearance through the central hole in the guide, which is pressed against the cylinder by a nut with peripheral holes, there is an inlet valve at the top of the bottom in the form of two circular collars concentrically located at the same level, between which through-inlets are made, overlapped by a disk, screw spring pressed against the ring collars with a bottom nut of the bottom bolt, while the outer ring collar of the inlet valve is provided with a radial throttle slot, and in the piston with two the sides are pressure valves in the form of concentrically arranged outer and inner annular collars with through inclined holes between the collars, overlapped by sets of valve elastic plates tin, pressed through rigid conical washers with a rod bolt, the outer annular collars provided with radial throttle slots, at the bottom of the bottom there is a third pressure valve in the form of two concentrically arranged annular collars, between which there are outlet openings, overlapped by a set of valve elastic plates pressed against the annular the flanges of this valve through a rigid conical washer with a bottom bolt, characterized in that the outer annular collars of all three pressure valves are made higher than the inner rings

Description

The utility model relates to transport equipment, namely to hydraulic vibration dampers (dampers) of rail rolling stock. Hydraulic vibration dampers are designed to limit the movement of parts of rolling stock with elastic ties through viscous friction. Hydraulic vibration dampers are connected to the sprung masses of the rolling stock and limit their movement at operating speeds of the rolling stock.

Known hydraulic vibration damper utility model RU 6418 IPC F16F 5/00, publ. 04/16/98, comprising a housing with a base and a cylinder placed in the housing, in which a piston with a rod is mounted to move and has a bottom supported by a base welded to the lower cylindrical part of the damper body. The body and stem are sealed with a bellows - corrugated rubber cover. The rod is passed with a minimum clearance into the central hole of the guide inserted into the cylinder. Two pressure valves are installed in the piston from the upper and lower flange sides, there is an inlet valve at the top of the bottom, and a third absorber pressure valve is installed at the bottom of the bottom. Each pressure and inlet valve has outer and inner annular collars of the seat seats, between which there are through holes overlapped by elastic valve plates with rigid conical washers, and there are radial throttle slots in both the outer collars of the pressure valves in the piston and in the outer collar of the bottom inlet valve. The supporting surfaces of the shoulders are made flat. The cylinder is completely, the remaining internal cavity of the absorber is partially filled with a working fluid, as a rule, mineral oil with a low pour point.

The damper body and the stem are equipped with eyes, with which the damper is attached to the sprung masses of the rail rolling stock. During the movement of wagons and locomotives, their sprung masses oscillate, while the piston rod and piston move reciprocally relative to the cylinder and push the working fluid through the throttle openings and pressure valves in the piston and bottom into the torsion, nadporshne cavity of the cylinder and into the regenerative chamber. The performance of the vibration damper substantially depends on the density of the pressure valves.

In the hydraulic damper, utility model RU 6418 IPC F16F 5/00, publ. 04/16/98, the end surfaces of the outer annular collars of pressure valves are made flat and at the same level in height. Because of this, the adhesion of the elastic plates deteriorates, which reduces the density of the pressure valves. The disadvantage of a hydraulic vibration damper utility model RU 6418 IPC F16F 5/00, publ. 04/16/98, is low performance due to insufficient density of pressure valves.

Known hydraulic shock absorber according to patent RU 2333403 IPC F16F 5/00, publ. 2007.02.10, comprising a hydraulic cylinder, a piston with pressure valve bypass openings connecting the piston and sub-piston cavities of the hydraulic cylinder, a rod, a spring and a pressure valve plate with one or more holes for oil passage. The plate is supported on the inner and outer annular collars having the same height, and their end surfaces are made flat, as a result of which the plate adjoins the outer annular collar without preload, which does not provide the pressure valve density, and, therefore, does not provide the calculated operability of the shock absorber.

Known viscous friction damper according to patent RU 2249734 IPC 7 F16F 5/00, publ. 2004.04.27, which contains a housing, a partition with holes and a rod passing through a central hole in the partition. The openings in the partition through which the damping fluid is pressed under pressure are covered by a flexible membrane. The membrane is supported on a flat partition without preload, which does not provide a density of overlapping holes, and therefore cannot provide the required performance of the viscous friction damper.

Known hydraulic shock absorber with adjustable characteristic according to patent RU 2316685 IPC F16F 942, F16F 5/00, publ. 2008.02.10, in which the valve plates overlap the pressure relief valve bypass holes under the influence of springs. Since the piston surfaces are free of collars and the plates are pressed against the smooth surface of the piston without preload, there is no sufficient density of overlap of the pressure port bypass openings and the shock absorber does not develop the required performance.

Thus, a disadvantage of the known hydraulic vibration dampers-analogues is poor performance due to leaks pressure valves. This leak is caused by insufficient compression of the valve plates to the outer annular collars of the piston and the bottom and the flat shape of the bearing surface of the collars themselves.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed object is a transport hydro-quencher utility model RU No. 17208 7 F16F 5/00, publ. 07/26/2000, selected for the prototype, comprising a housing with a base, and with a cylinder located in the housing, in which the piston is mounted with the possibility of moving the piston, passed with a minimum clearance through the central hole of the guide nut inserted into the cylinder, and there is a bottom. The cylinder in the housing is secured by a guide nut. The threaded part of the nut is screwed into the housing and tightly compresses the cylinder. The nut is equipped with peripheral holes connecting the inner cavity of the bellows with the regenerative cavity between the cylinder and the body, while the mating parts of the bottom and the base of the damper are made of spherical shape for better fit during assembly and operation in case of possible distortions. Two pressure valves are made above and below the piston, and a third pressure valve and one inlet valve on the top of the bottom are made in the bottom. In the piston between the annular collars there are inclined through holes overlapped by elastic plates, which are pressed through the rigid conical washers and are pressed by the piston bolt to the annular collars in the piston from two sides, and in the bottom, by a bottom bolt to the annular collars of the lower pressure valve from the lower side through a conical rigid a washer, while both ring inlets of the intake valve are made at the same level with each other and the intake valve disk is pressed against the bottom bolt by a conical spring. The outer annular collars of pressure valves on the bottom and top of the piston and the outer collar of the inlet valve of the bottom are equipped with radial throttle slots - calibrated holes. In the throttle mode of the damper to a piston speed of 6 ... 7 cm / s, when the sprung parts of the rolling stock operate in the normal mode of movement of the rolling stock, the working fluid is forced through the piston only through radial throttle holes and the hydraulic vibration damper must develop viscous drag forces proportional to piston speed of the hydraulic vibration damper. The end surfaces of the outer annular collars of the pressure valves are made straight. With a forced mode of operation of the damper at a piston speed of more than 7 cm / s, the pressure plates bend down and open the passage of fluid through the pressure valve. Due to the fact that the inner and outer annular collars are made at the same level, and the end surface of the outer collar is made flat, the density of the valves is not ensured, as in the throttle and valve modes of operation of the vibration damper, which reduces its operability.

The disadvantage of the hydraulic vibration damper adopted by the prototype is its low efficiency due to the low density of pressure valves.

The objective of this technical proposal is to create a hydraulic vibration damper of increased efficiency by increasing the density of pressure valves.

The problem is achieved in that in a hydraulic vibration damper of a rolling stock comprising a housing with a base and a cylinder located in the housing, in which the piston with the rod and the bottom is mounted to move, the cylinder is completely, and the housing is partially filled with a working fluid and sealed with a corrugated rubber cover, the base of the body and the stem are provided with eyes, the stem is passed with a minimum clearance through the central hole in the guide, which is pressed against the cylinder by a nut with peripheral holes, in The upper part of the bottom has an inlet valve in the form of two circular collars concentrically located at the same level, between which there are through-in openings overlapped by a disk pressed against the annular collars by a helical spring with a figured nut of the bottom bolt, while the outer annular collar of the inlet valve is provided with a radial throttle slot and in the piston on both sides pressure valves are made in the form of concentrically located outer and inner annular collars with through inclined holes between the collars, p open sets of valve elastic plates pressed through the rigid conical washers with a rod bolt, the outer ring collars provided with radial throttle slots, the third pressure valve is made in the bottom of the bottom in the form of two concentrically arranged annular collars, between which there are outlet openings overlapped by a set of valve elastic plates pressed to the annular collars of this valve through a rigid conical washer with a bottom bolt, characterized in that the outer annular collars of all three pressure valves panes are made higher than the inner annular collars, while the end surfaces of these collars are made conical.

The proposed damper has the following design differences:

- the outer annular collars of pressure valves are made higher than the inner annular collars;

- end surfaces of the outer annular collars of pressure valves are made conical.

The essence of the proposed utility model is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a view of the vibration damper in the context:

1 - housing;

2 - cylinder;

3 - the piston;

4 - stock;

5 - a piston ring;

6 - base;

7 - rod eye;

8 - case eye;

9 - guide;

10 - a nut;

11 - peripheral holes of the nut;

12 - bottom;

13, 44 - through inclined holes in the piston;

14. 15 - outer annular collar of the piston;

16, 17 - internal annular collar of the piston;

18 is a lower set of valve elastic plates in the piston;

19 - the upper set of valve elastic plates in the piston;

20, 21 - rigid conical washers in the pressure valves of the piston;

22 - a piston bolt;

23, 24 - throttle holes in the annular collars of pressure valves in the piston;

25 - outlet openings of the pressure valve in the bottom;

26 - plates overlapping the outlet of the pressure valve in the bottom;

27 - annular outer collar of the pressure valve in the bottom;

28 - annular inner shoulder pressure valve in the bottom;

29 - a bottom bolt;

30 - conical washer;

31 - throttle gap in the outer shoulder of the intake valve;

32 - inlet of the inlet valve in the bottom;

33 - an inlet valve disk;

34 - coil spring;

35 - figured nut of the bottom bolt;

36 - annular outer shoulder of the intake valve;

37 - annular inner shoulder of the intake valve;

38 - circular groove in the damper body;

39 - circular groove in the stock;

40 - bellows (corrugated rubber cover);

41 - case clamp;

42 - rod clamp;

43 - connecting channel;

"A" is the piston cavity of the cylinder;

"B" - the piston cavity of the cylinder;

"B" - a regenerative cavity;

"G" - drain cavity;

"D" is the cavity under the bellows.

In the drawing, the conical washers 20, 21, 30 valve elastic plates and the disk conditionally shown in section.

The proposed hydraulic vibration damper of the rolling stock comprises a housing 1 with a cylinder 2, in which a piston 3 with a rod 4 and a piston ring 5 is inserted with the possibility of movement. A base is welded to the housing 6. A rod eye 7 is rigidly connected to the rod and a case eye 8 is fixed to the base A rod with a minimum clearance is passed into the central hole of the guide 9, pressed by a nut 10 with peripheral holes 11 to the cylinder. The bottom of the cylinder has a bottom 12, including an inlet and pressure valve. There are two pressure valves in the piston, including through holes 13 and valve seats in the form of external annular collars 14, 15 and internal annular collars 16, 17. Through inclined openings 13 and 44 between the collars of the lower and upper pressure valves in the piston are blocked by sets of elastic valve plates 18 and 19, which are pressed by the piston bolt 22 through rigid conical washers 20, 21. The outer annular collars of the pressure valves in the piston are higher than the inner annular collars. At the bottom, the outer annular collar of the pressure valve is made higher than the inner annular collar. The height difference of the shoulders provides preload valve plates. In the bottom pressure valve, the through exhaust openings 25 are blocked by a set of valve elastic plates 26 pressed against the ring collars 27, 28 of the pressure valve by the bottom bolt 29 through the conical washer 30. The end surfaces of the outer ring collars of the pressure valves are conical for a better fit of the valve plates. The intake valve inlet openings 32 are covered by a disc 33 with a coil spring 34, the bottom bolt is clamped by a curly nut 35, the inlet valve seat collars 36 and 37 are located at the same level in height, and the inlet valve outer collar is provided with a radial throttle opening 31. On the upper part of the housing the absorber has a circular undercut 38, and on the upper part of the stem a circular undercut 39. The cylinder is completely and the remaining cavities are partially filled with working fluid. The body and the stem are sealed with a bellows (rubber corrugated cover) 40. The bellows is pulled from the bottom to the body, and, on the other hand, is pulled to the rod in places of circular grooves clamped with clamps: body 41 and rod 42, tightened by bolts. The inner part of the cylinder is divided by a piston into the cavities "A" and "B" .. The annular cavity between the cylinder and the body - the regenerative cavity is indicated by the letter "B", the intermediate cavity under the bottom - the letter "G", and the cavity under the bellows - the letter "D" . At the base there is a channel 43 connecting the cavity "G" and "B". The channel is directed in such a way as to prevent air from entering the cavity “A” of the cylinder during the operation of the damper in a horizontal (inclined) position. On the outside of the damper on the housing from the side of the connecting channel there is a mark "NCD".

The hydraulic vibration damper of the rolling stock works as follows:

On the vehicle, the damper is attached with its eyes 7, 8 to mutually oscillating parts of the rolling stock. When the rolling stock moves, the rod 4 with the piston 3 moves reciprocally relative to the cylinder 2 and the housing 1.

In the normal mode of operation of the hydraulic vibration damper during compression at standard piston speeds, the fluid from the damper cavity “A” passing through the inclined holes 13 and 44 is pressed by the piston through the throttle holes 23 and 24 in the outer annular collars of the pressure valves in the piston and the throttle hole 31 in the outer collar 36 of the intake valve.

In the forced vibration mode of the rolling stock (increased speed of rolling stock, passage of small radius curves, passage of arrows, non-standard irregularities of the rail track, etc.), the valve pressure plates 19 of the upper pressure valve in the piston 3 are pressed through the inclined holes 44 and through outlet openings 25 valve plates 26 in the pressure valve of the bottom 12. The increased fluid flows from the under-piston cavity "A" into the over-piston cavity "B" and into the intermediate cavity "G" and, from there, through the connecting channel 43 into the regenerative cavity "B", thereby limiting the hydraulic resistance of the damper at the design level established in the technical documentation for this rolling stock. The hydraulic resistance of the damper depends on the tightness of the pressure valves.

During stretching at standard speeds of movement of the rod with the piston, the working fluid is forced through (throttled) through the throttle holes 23 and 24 in the outer annular collars 14 and 15 from the cavity "B" of the cylinder into the cavity "A" along the inclined holes 13 and 44, while viscous resistance forces of the vibration damper, proportional to the speed of the rod with the piston, and therefore proportional to the dynamic vibrations of the sprung parts of the vehicle, which ensures the estimated smoothness of the rolling stock. In this case, the pressure of the working fluid is reduced in the piston cavity of the cylinder "A". The inlet valve disk 33 in the cylinder, under the influence of the pressure differential between the cavities “A” and “G”, overcomes the force of the coil spring 34 and the working fluid through the inlet holes 32 replenishes the piston cavity “A”, preparing the vibration damper for the stroke during compression.

In the forced mode of operation during the expansion of the absorber, the increasing pressure of the fluid in the cavity "B" through the inclined holes 13 squeezes the valve elastic plates 18, increases the flow of fluid passing through the lower pressure valve in the piston, which limits the increase in the viscous resistance of the damper. The liquid leaked at the minimum gap between the rod 4 and the guide 10 flows through the peripheral holes 11 into the regenerative cavity "B". Leakage of liquid to the outside is prevented by a bellows (rubber corrugated cover) clamped by clamps 41 and 42 on the body and stem in grooves 38 and 39 ..

In the claimed damper due to the excess of the outer annular collars against the inner annular collars there is a preload of the valve plates, which increases the density of the pressure valves. The taper of the end surfaces of the outer annular collars also increases the density of the valves due to the better fit of the pre-tensioned plates to the conical end surfaces. As a result, the performance of the vibration damper increases.

The proposed solution provides increased efficiency of the vibration damper, which improves the ride and the safety of the rolling stock.

The proposed utility model can be applied on trams and subway cars, on automobile and tracked vehicles.

Claims (1)

A hydraulic vibration damper of a rolling stock, comprising a housing with a base and a cylinder placed in the housing, in which the piston with the rod and the bottom is mounted to move, the cylinder is completely, and the housing is partially filled with working fluid and sealed with a corrugated rubber cover, the base of the housing and the stem are provided with eyes, the rod is passed with a minimum clearance through the central hole in the guide, which is pressed against the cylinder by a nut with peripheral holes, there is an inlet valve at the top of the bottom in the form of two circular collars concentrically located at the same level, between which through-inlets are made, overlapped by a disk, screw spring pressed against the ring collars with a bottom nut of the bottom bolt, while the outer ring collar of the inlet valve is provided with a radial throttle slot, and in the piston with two the sides are pressure valves in the form of concentrically arranged outer and inner annular collars with through inclined holes between the collars, overlapped by sets of valve elastic plates tin, pressed through rigid conical washers with a rod bolt, the outer annular collars provided with radial throttle slots, at the bottom of the bottom there is a third pressure valve in the form of two concentrically arranged annular collars, between which there are outlet openings, overlapped by a set of valve elastic plates pressed against the annular the flanges of this valve through a rigid conical washer with a bottom bolt, characterized in that the outer annular collars of all three pressure valves are made higher than the inner rings stems piles, the end surfaces of the clamps are made conical.