RU88906U1 - GROWTH ELEMENT FOR PRODUCT GROWING OF MARINE HYDROBIONTS, ANCHOR AND SYSTEM FOR THEIR INSTALLATION - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A growing element containing rounded casing plates sequentially arranged in the form of a cassette, enclosed by an external fence in the form of a fishing net, in which a cut for inlet / outlet of mollusks is made vertically along the entire side of the cage, sewn with a thread, the lower part of which is rigidly fixed to the lower plate , loops located in the upper and lower parts of the cage, characterized in that the growth element is made in the form of a garland of at least two cages, the cassette is made of body plates of two types: one of the upper and subsequent convex, while the diameter of the flat plate is 1.0-1 / 2 times smaller than subsequent convex plates, and the convexity is made 1 cm high at a distance of 2/3 from the center of the plate, the cage is additionally equipped with vertical stiffeners, made in the form at least two ropes passing through openings located on the outer perimeter of the plates, under an external fence, the loop hinges are made of upper and lower free ends of the ropes, the thread is made with the possibility of free movement of an external fence along it Ia, the lower portion of the filament is secured to the bottom of the lower rope loop cage and the top of the yarn having a free end terminating in a loop. ! 2. The growth element according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing plate is provided with perforation over the entire plane. ! 3. The growth element according to claim 1, characterized in that along the outer perimeter of the plates holes are made for fixing an external fence on it. ! 4. The growing element according to claim 1, characterized in that a float is attached to the upper loop of the rope. ! 5. The growth element according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower loop

Description

Utility models relate to fish farming, namely, devices for cultivating marine aquatic organisms and elements of hydrobiotechnical structures, in particular cages, anchors and systems for installing them in the sea and can be used in aquaculture farms.

A known installation for the cultivation of marine aquatic organisms, (USSR author's certificate No. 1597128, A01K 61/00, publ. 07.10.90), comprising: a support cable, on which are held the anchor anchors, loop-shaped floating outgrowth element, exhaust rope, builin with a signal float, located on the surface of the sea. At the junction of the builin with the supporting cable, an exhaust anchor is attached. The installation for the cultivation of marine aquatic organisms is collected on the deck of the vessel, and then at low speed put into the sea.

The disadvantage of this installation is that the loop-shaped floating cage is intended only for the cultivation of attached mollusks, in particular mussels or oysters. The role of anchors is performed by cargo-concrete arrays of a cubic or pyramidal shape, with a spread coefficient of 1.0 to 0.6, as a result of which they do not have high storm resistance. In addition, the disadvantage of this installation is that the selection of finished products is carried out in two stages, first the outgrowth elements (cages) are removed, and then the supporting cable with anchors.

A known installation for the cultivation of marine aquatic organisms, (patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation No. 43435, IPC A01K 61/00), comprising a support rope equipped with bridles for holding anchors, a growth element, a pull rope, a draw anchor, a bouline with a signal float.

The disadvantage of this installation is that the outgrowth element and the anchor are not storm resistant enough. In the process of placing hydrobionts in cages and putting them into the sea there are no devices that contribute to reducing the death of hydrobionts.

The main task to which the claimed utility models are directed - a growing element for the cultivation of marine aquatic organisms, an anchor and a system for their installation in the sea - is to increase the storm resistance of the installation, the convenience of placing aquatic organisms in outgrowth elements, and reducing the loss of aquatic organisms when exposed to the sea and during cultivation, simplification of the process of exposing growth elements to the sea, and the possibility of cultivating aquatic organisms, both in closed water areas and in open water, as well as increasing the term of zhby plants for cultivation of marine aquatic organisms.

The solution to this problem is facilitated by the use in the proposed installation of a growth element of a new design.

A well-known cage for breeding mollusks (JP patent No. 3310933 B2, 07/10/98, IPC A01K 61/00), which consists of a rectangular frame covered with a grid in the form of a pyramid with an opening for the inlet / outlet of mollusks. A rope is passed through the center of the grid, to the upper end of which a float is attached, and to the lower end - an anchor.

The disadvantage of this device is that during its operation, the rope is twisted and the framework is deformed, as a result of which the animals in this cage die. In addition, the process of installation and operation of cages when installing them in the sea is not mechanized.

The well-known cylindrical cage UAEI.272324.004 ("Guide to the cultivation of invertebrates in southern Primorye." Vladivostok, TINRO Center, 2002, pp. 61-62), which contains sequentially perforated plates covered with an external fence in the form of a fishing net. A slit is made along the entire length of the net for the inlet / outlet of mollusks. After placing the mollusks in the cage, the net fabric from above and from below is connected with a lead in the form of a loop, to the upper part of which a float is attached, and to the lower lead, which is necessary for attaching to the supporting rope or to another cage.

In the specified device there are no means to increase the rigidity of the device to increase its storm resistance, as well as means for the convenience of its installation and operation when installing it in the sea.

A well-known cylindrical cage (patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation No. 30502, IPC A01K 61/00) which consists of a set of consecutive perforated plates strung on a rope through a hole in the center of the plate and covered with an external fence in the form of a fishing net that is tightly sewn to each plate. Slots for the inlet / outlet of mollusks, which are sutured with kapron thread, are made in the net web.

The disadvantage of this device is that in the specified outgrowth element there are no means to increase the rigidity of the device to increase its storm resistance, as well as means for the convenience of its installation and operation when installing it in the sea. In addition, the growing device consists of at least 30 plates assembled in a cassette with a total length of more than 3 meters, which creates inconvenience when placing mollusks on the plates. In the case of overgrowth of the growth element by the accompanying hydrobionts of the cage, as a rule, all lie down on the ground and there is the possibility of the death of the main part of mollusks. In addition, the slots for the inlet / outlet of the mollusks are made horizontally above each plate, which causes difficulties when they are sewn up and as a result makes the net web insufficiently strong.

The closest analogue to the claimed technical solution is a cage for breeding mollusks (patent JP No. 3380865 B2, 11/01/99, IPC A01K 61/00), which contains rounded case frames sequentially arranged in the form of a cassette, covered by an external fence in the form of a fishing net, in which vertically along the entire side of the cage is made a slot for the inlet / outlet of mollusks, sewn together with a rope.

The disadvantage of this device is that its design is not rigid enough, there are no side ribs, funds are not provided, necessary for the convenience of installing the charge when installing it in the sea, namely, there is no mechanism for grouping the charge and a device to maintain the charge in a vertical position when installing it in the sea .

The problem is solved in that the outgrowth element, containing rounded casing plates sequentially arranged in the form of a cassette, enclosed by an external fence in the form of a fishing net, in which a cut is made vertically along the lateral side of the outgrowth of the inlet / outlet of mollusks, stitched in loops the upper and lower parts of the cage, while according to the invention the growth element is made in the form of a garland of at least two cages, the cartridge is made of body plates of two types: one the upper and subsequent convex flats, the diameter of the flat plate being 1.0-1.2 times smaller than subsequent convex plates, and the convexity is 1 cm high and occupies 2/3 of the area from the center of the plate, the cage is additionally equipped with vertical stiffeners made in the form of at least two ropes passing through openings located on the outer perimeter of the plates, under an external fence, the loop hinges are made of upper and lower free ends of the ropes, the thread is made with the possibility of free movement of external boom and plates, wherein the lower portion of the thread is attached to the bottom loop of the rope lower cage and 'upper yarn has a free end terminating in a loop.

In addition, the body plate is provided with perforations along the entire plane, and holes are made along the outer perimeter of the plates to fix an external fence on it. A float is attached to the upper loop of the rope, and the lower loop of the rope is attached to the supporting rope.

The implementation of the outgrowth element in the form of a garland of cages:

firstly, it helps to reduce the complexity of planting mollusks into it, since one cage consists of no more than 12-14 plates;

secondly, it allows you to save part of the mollusks, in the event that the outgrowth element lies on the ground, while only those mollusks that were in the lower cage can die.

The manufacture of cassettes from case perforated plates of two types allows to increase the ductility of the cage and its storm resistance.

To reduce the load on the growth element, the upper plate of each cage is made of a smaller diameter than the other plates and is made of elastic material. To increase the stiffness of the cage, the perforated plate has a convexity of 1 cm high for 2/3 of the area from the center of the plate.

Equipping the cage with vertical stiffeners also increases the storm resistance and longevity of the cage.

The implementation of stitched thread with a loop in the upper part with the possibility of free movement along it of the net shell and plate allows you to keep the cage in an upright position when placing mollusks in it, due to the fact that the garland of cages is looped to a hook on the system for setting the installation in the sea . In addition, the thread allows you to group the cages before placing them in the sea, and also prevents tangles from tangling with each other.

The solution of the problem is also facilitated by the use of the new design anchors in the proposed device.

Known anchor, consisting of concrete, reinforcement and metal rods, which are part of the reinforcement, while the anchor is made in the form of a pyramid. (A.V. Suprunovich. “Aquaculture of invertebrates.” Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1988. C.62-64).

The disadvantage of this anchor is that the coefficient of flatness of this anchor is 0.75. As a result of storm exposure, such anchors turn over, guy wires are frayed on the edge of the anchor, which leads to the failure of the installation.

The closest technical solution is the anchor, made in the form of a plate, made of reinforced concrete, with an element for attaching a ring from a synthetic material. The spread factor of this anchor is not more than 0.2 (patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 43435, IPC A01K 61/00).

The disadvantage of this anchor is that the eye fixed in the center of the anchor, when sampling, leaves the water between the carrier rope and the side of the vessel with the entire plane, is pressed by the carrier rope to the side and is poorly pushed out from under the carrier rope, which slows down the installation.

The problem is solved in that the anchor of the device for cultivating hydrobionts is made in the form of a plate and equipped with a strap made of synthetic material, while according to the invention, the eye is rigidly attached to the reinforcement and poured with concrete with a shift of 3-5 cm from the center of the plate in any direction.

An anchor is made in the following sequence: metal reinforcement made of Ǿ 5-6 mm wire is placed in the molding device, then a ring is fixed to it in the form of a rope or rope made of a polymer-based material, in particular polypropylene, nylon, lavsan, and poured concrete with a shift of the eye from the center of the anchor in any direction by 3-5 cm.

The execution of the eye from an elastic material with a displacement from the center of the anchor in any direction by 3-5 cm allows the anchor to take a vertical position when lifting (side up), which makes it easy to push it out from under the carrier rope without stopping the sampling process.

The solution to the problem contributes to the system for placing cages in the sea.

A known system for placing a cage in the sea using a floating means. Installation for the cultivation of marine aquatic organisms is collected directly on the deck of the vessel. The cages in the folded state are placed on the deck of the craft, so that the vessel, arriving in the specified area, put the installation in the sea on the fly, while the cages, when installed in the sea, are not mixed up among themselves, they are fastened with a lock of water-soluble material. (RF patent No. 2149541 C1, 06/07/98, IPC A01K 61/00).

The disadvantage of this system is that the mollusks, before they are put into the sea, are in folded cages, while they are on the deck without water and in cramped conditions, their significant death is observed even before they are put into the sea. In addition, the use of locks significantly increases the cost of installation, and when they are put into the sea, cages can become entangled with each other. Also, the process of setting up a plant for the cultivation of mollusks in the sea is not mechanized.

The closest analogue to the claimed system for installing a cage in the sea from a watercraft is the installation, which includes a frame in the form of vertical struts rigidly fixed on the deck of the vessel, a bearing element equipped with mounts to hold the cages in an upright position (Copyright certificate No. 1593596 A1, 02.28.88 IPC A01K 79/00).

The disadvantage of this system is that when assembling the installation for the cultivation of marine aquatic organisms, only cages with a rigid structure can be used.

The problem is solved by the fact that the claimed system for placing cages in the sea, which includes a frame in the form of vertical struts, rigidly mounted on the deck of the vessel, a supporting element equipped with mounts to hold the cages, while the frame is made in the form of an inverted rectangular trapezoid, of the elements in the form of beams, so that the vertical struts are fixed in the bow of the vessel, and inclined in the stern of the vessel, with the upper base of the frame, forms an acute angle with an inclined lateral stern rack and has a shot with holes for mounting the bearing element, taken outside the deck, on which a limiter is made on the outside of the frame. An irrigation system in the form of a hollow pipe with holes and a supporting element in the form of a rod with fastening devices in the form of a movable element and a hook with two bends to maintain a garland of cages in a vertical position, providing spontaneous discharge of the cage into the sea, is additionally parallel to the deck, serpentine-rigidly fixed to the upper part of the frame .

Moreover, the supporting element is made in the form of a string, the movable element is in the form of a ring, and the hook is made of soft wire in the form of a spiral with two bends. The system is equipped with a protective tent.

The frame is made in the form of an inverted rectangular trapezoid of elements in the form of beams (metal pipe ⌀ 50-110 mm), while the smaller base of the frame is located on the deck, and the larger base of the frame forms an acute angle with a side stand. In the stern of the craft, a shot is installed on the frame, extending beyond the deck with holes and a limiter.

Under the awning, the irrigation system of polyethylene pipes with holes in the lower part of the pipe, into which the sea water is supplied by the pump for irrigation of hydrobionts in cages, is rigidly fixed to the upper tubes of the frame.

Bearing element in the form of a rod or a tensioned cable and fastening devices in the form of a movable element (ring) equipped with a soft wire hook with two bends. A float is attached to one bend of the hook, and a garland of cages on the other to keep them upright when it is on the deck of the vessel before attaching to the support rope. This provides a self-regulating discharge of the plant for the cultivation of aquatic organisms in the sea.

To prevent the death of hydrobionts, when transporting them to the place of exposure to the sea, an awning is mounted on the frame, covering the top and sides of the installation from atmospheric precipitation, wind and sunlight.

The claimed group of utility models is illustrated by the following drawings.

Figure 1 - shows a growth element for the cultivation of marine aquatic organisms;

Figure 2 - shows the upper plate of the cage, a top view;

Figure 3 - shows a convex perforated plate, top view;

Figure 4 - shows a convex perforated plate, side view;

Figure 5 (A, B, C) - shows the anchor, a top view and a side view;

Figure 6 - shows the installation for the cultivation of marine aquatic organisms;

In Fig.7 - shows a frame system for installing a device for the cultivation of objects of mariculture;

On Fig - shows an irrigation system, a view from the top;

Figure 9 - shows the layout of the bearing element on the deck of the vessel;

Figure 10 - shows a system for installing a device for the cultivation of objects of mariculture, side view;

Figure 11 - shows the layout of the anchors and the bearing rope on the deck of the vessel, view from the top;

On Fig - shows a movable element;

The outgrowth element (Fig. 1) is a garland of 2 or more cages 1. The cage consists of one flat 2 and 12 convex perforated plates 3 located at equal distance from each other in the form of a cartridge, with holes 4 made along the outer perimeter of the plates 2, 3 and serving to fix on it a net shell 5 with a slot 6 for the inlet and outlet of hydrobionts and vertical stiffeners 9 made of rope.

The thread 7 runs throughout the garland, freely moves through the network 5, allowing you to simultaneously sew the slot 6, after placing the mollusks on the plates of the cage. The thread was also passed through holes located around the perimeter of the plates and fixed with its lower end to the lower loop 10 of the lower cage, and the upper end of the thread ends with a loop 8, which serves to hang the garland of cages 1 on the fastener 29 (Fig. 12). This allows you to maintain a garland of cages in an upright position and group them.

The upper plate (figure 2) is a rounded flat plate 2 with a diameter of 250 mm with perforation 12 and with holes 4 made on the outer perimeter.

The perforated plate (figure 3) is a rounded convex plate 3 with a diameter of 300 mm with perforation 12 and with holes 4 made on the outer perimeter. The bulge is made (figure 4) with a height of 1 cm at a distance of 2/3 from the center of the plate.

A growing element for the commercial cultivation of marine aquatic organisms works as follows.

First, cages are made.

Take two ropes 9, a network 5, one upper flat plate 2 and 12 of the convex perforated plates 3 and made of them cage 1, in particular a cylindrical. To do this, on the ropes 9 through holes 4 located at an equal distance from each other of the outer diameter of the plates, first, convex perforated plates 3 are strung upward, then the upper flat plate 2 in the form of a cartridge at a distance provided by the technology. The free ends of the ropes at the top and bottom are connected with loops 10, 11. The ropes and plates 2, 3 are wrapped around a net sheath 5, while the sheath 5 is tightly sewn to each plate through holes 4 located on the outer perimeter of the plates. Scallop yearlings, through the slot 6 in the sheath 5, are placed on the perforated plates 3. The lower end of the thread 7 is tied to the lower loop of the rope 10, passed through the net fabric 5. Thread 7 simultaneously tightens the slots 6 in two cages from the bottom up and from the upper end of the thread make loop 8, which serves to hang the garlands from the system to expose them to the sea. A float (13) is attached to the upper loop of the rope 11, either a load is anchored to the lower loop 10 — an anchor (14) behind the eye 15 (Fig. 6), or another cage 1, forming a garland of cages.

Anchor 14 (Fig. 5A) consists of a metal reinforcement 15 (Fig. 5C), to which the eye 16 is fixed rigidly (Fig. 5B) and is poured with concrete. The anchor is attached to the supporting rope 17 (Fig.6), and to the lower loop 10 of the cage 1 (Fig.1).

Figure 6 shows the installation for the cultivation of marine aquatic organisms, which consists of a carrier rope 17, to the ends of which are attached end anchors 18, a builin 20 with a signal float 31. Anchors 14 and cages 1 with floats 13 are fixed along the entire length of the carrier rope.

To expose the plant for cultivation of aquatic organisms in the sea in the aft of the vessel, a frame is mounted parallel to the deck (Fig. 7), made in the form of an inverted rectangular trapezoid of elements 21, 22, 23, in the form of beams (for example, metal pipes). Vertical racks 21 are rigidly fixed in the bow of the vessel, inclined 23 in the stern of the vessel and interconnected by metal pipes 22. The upper base of the frame, forms an acute angle with the stern side rack and has a shot 24, taken outside the deck. On the outside of the shot has a limiter 26 with holes 25 for mounting the supporting element 28 (Fig.9).

An irrigation system 27 (Fig. 8) in the form of a hollow pipe with holes and a supporting element 28 (Fig. 9) in the form of a cable with fasteners in the form of a movable element 29 (Fig. 12) in the form a ring equipped with a hook 30 with two bends to maintain the growth element in an upright position before putting it into the sea. This system provides spontaneous discharge of a plant for the cultivation of aquatic organisms in the sea.

Under the influence of the anchors 18 and 14, a spontaneous discharge of the installation for the cultivation of aquatic organisms in the sea is provided. The system is equipped with a protective tent, which is mounted on the top of the frame.

The system operates as follows.

Depending on the size of the vessel, a skeleton made of elements 21, 22, 23, with a stern shot 24 and a stopper 26 is installed on the deck of the vessel (Fig. 10) in a well-known manner. Pipes 27 are attached to the connecting pipes 22 (not shown) for irrigation of cages with sea water. The carrier element 28 is pulled from a steel cable with the design of the fastening device in the form of a ring 29 equipped with a hook 30 with two bends. From above and from the sides, the frame is covered with material to protect the cages from the sun, wind, precipitation (not shown in the figure).

With hanging plantations, with the help of watercraft, cages with a year-old scallop are removed and delivered to the place of transplantation into garlands of cages for commodity cultivation. Gardens with a year old are taken out of the water, served on a sorting table, where they are sorted by size range and planted in growth containers (Fig. 1). The comb through the slot 6 is placed in the cages on each plate 3 in accordance with the technology. To the loop 11, in the upper part of the garland, a float 13 is attached, to the loop 10 in the lower part of the garland, a thread 7 is attached, which simultaneously with the help of a metal needle, sew a slot in the net, and also pass the thread through the holes of the perforation 12 in the plates through its garland with side cut the thread from the bottom up. Loop 8 is thrown onto the float 13. The garland in assembled form is lowered into the water.

First, the second end anchor 18 with the buoyper 20 is loaded onto the vessel, then the supporting rope 17 with anchors 14 (100 pcs.). They are laid on the deck of the ship with a snake along the stretched strings (Fig. 11), then the first end armature 20 with a buirer is loaded. The signal floats 31 are attached to the buoyeres, the end anchors are tied with leashes between the buoyrep 20 and the support rope, the anchors 14 are attached to the loops of the support rope 17.

From the water, through the aft ramp 32, garlands of cages 1, in which year-olds of mollusks are placed, are lifted aboard the vessel. Loop 8 of thread 7 is removed from the float and a garland is hung from it on the first bend of the hook 30, and the float on the second bend of the hook 30 of the movable element 29. (Fig. 10). 3a, the lower loop 10 (FIG. 10) is tied to a supporting rope 17. Irrigation on board the vessel is carried out in two stages: after placing 17 half of the cage garlands on the supporting rope, the first half of the irrigation is switched on, after all the cage garlands are placed, all irrigation is switched on.

The vessel enters the sea in the area where the installation was set up, ramp 32 opens, the builin with a signal float is dropped, then the end anchor, which drains the installation. The cages move along the supporting element (cable) 28 behind the anchors 14. When leaving the ramp, the anchor breaks loop 8 from the first bend of hook 30, the garland of cages opens, the float breaks from the second bend of hook 30 and the unit goes into water. The entire plant for the cultivation of aquatic organisms is exposed for 2-2.5 minutes. Installation depth 25-32 m.

The use of the claimed utility models makes it possible to successfully cultivate aquatic organisms in marine waters, since the system has high storm resistance, which increases the service life of the apparatus for cultivating marine aquatic organisms and is easy to operate.

Claims (11)

1. A growing element containing rounded casing plates sequentially arranged in the form of a cassette, enclosed by an external fence in the form of a fishing net, in which a cut for inlet / outlet of mollusks is made vertically along the entire side of the cage, sewn with a thread, the lower part of which is rigidly fixed to the lower plate , loops located in the upper and lower parts of the cage, characterized in that the growth element is made in the form of a garland of at least two cages, the cassette is made of body plates of two types: one of the upper and subsequent convex, while the diameter of the flat plate is 1.0-1 / 2 times smaller than subsequent convex plates, and the convexity is made 1 cm high at a distance of 2/3 from the center of the plate, the cage is additionally equipped with vertical stiffeners, made in the form at least two ropes passing through openings located on the outer perimeter of the plates, under an external fence, the loop hinges are made of upper and lower free ends of the ropes, the thread is made with the possibility of free movement of an external fence along it Ia, the lower portion of the filament is secured to the bottom of the lower rope loop cage and the top of the yarn having a free end terminating in a loop. 2. The growth element according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing plate is provided with perforation over the entire plane. 3. The growth element according to claim 1, characterized in that along the outer perimeter of the plates holes are made for fixing an external fence on it. 4. The growing element according to claim 1, characterized in that a float is attached to the upper loop of the rope. 5. The growth element according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower loop of the rope is attached to the supporting rope. 6. The anchor of the device for cultivating aquatic organisms is made in the form of a slab of concrete and reinforcement, equipped with a ring of synthetic material, characterized in that the eye is rigidly attached to the reinforcement and poured with concrete with an offset of 3-5 cm from the center of the plate in any direction. 7. A system for installing cages in the sea from a ship, comprising a frame in the form of vertical struts, rigidly fixed on the deck of the vessel, a supporting element equipped with fixtures to hold the cages, characterized in that the frame is made in the form of an inverted rectangular trapezoid of elements in the form of beams, while vertical racks are fixed in the bow of the vessel, and inclined in the stern of the vessel, and the upper base of the frame forms an acute angle with the aft side rack and has a shot taken out of the deck, on A stopper with holes was made on the outside for mounting the load-bearing element, an irrigation system in the form of a hollow pipe with holes and a load-bearing element in the form of a rod with fasteners in the form of a movable element equipped with hooks with two bends to maintain the cage in an upright position, providing spontaneous discharge of the cage into the sea. 8. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that the supporting element is made in the form of a metal cable or string. 9. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that the movable element is made in the form of a ring. 10. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that the hook is made in the form of a spiral with two bends. 11. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a protective tent.