EA017012B1 - Method for putting down installation for harvesting mollusks to the sea - Google Patents

Abstract

A method is proposed for putting down an installation for mollusk harvesting comprising a carrying rope with two and anchors (18) and a plurality of growing elements (1) subsequently attached on the carrying rope by their bottom ends and directed by their upper ends upwards after putting installation in the sea. The installation is assembled on the vessel board, wherein the growing elements (1) are suspended on an extended guide (28) by their upper ends and are fixed on the supporting rope by their bottom ends, and when putting the installation down to the sea the suspended growing elements (1) are moved along the extended guide (28) towards vessel stern and are removed from the extended guide (28) behind the vessel stern with subsequent dropping to the sea due to movement of the carrying rope drawn to the sea after dropping the first end anchor (18). The method provides showering suspended growing elements (1) by sea water and allows to avoid tangling installation elements and to reduce death and damage of young mollusks when putting down the installation to the sea.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to methods for the industrial cultivation of mollusks, and in particular to the technological step of setting up at sea an apparatus used for the cultivation of marine mollusks.

State of the art

There is a known method of growing bivalve mollusks, the technological stages of which include collecting mussel spat on the collectors of the installation from an oblong net web, at the ends of which set floats and anchors holding the net web on the ocean floor, growing from spath vigorous juvenile mollusks, transplanting juveniles into cages of the next similar , also including floats and anchors, and the cultivation of juvenile mollusks to a commercial size [patent RK.1245925, publ. 11/10/1960]. When setting up the sea and raising the installation for collecting spaths and rearing juveniles, a rotating drum is used, and when setting and raising the installation with cages for rearing juveniles, a conveyor line with hooks is used. At the same time, the end of the net web is hooked to the hooks of the conveyor line, which uncoils the net web from the roll during its movement, the end float and the anchor are fixed on the free end of the net web, then, as the net web is unwound, cages with young mollusk are attached to the fabric loops on the deck . In the direction of the vessel, at the bottom of the ocean, an end anchor with a float is first installed, then a net web with cages attached to them, taking underwater a position close to horizontal. The disadvantages of this method include the high energy consumption due to a sufficiently high energy consumption, especially when placing the plants in the sea, as well as the death of part of the mollusk juveniles immediately before the installation in the sea, since the juveniles will be without water under the influence of sunlight, wind and rain.

A known method of growing mariculture, according to which the cultivation of the coastal scallop is carried out using the installation of mariculture, including a supporting ridge rope, two gravity anchors at each end of the ridge rope, leads, sequentially fixed to the supporting ridge rope, floats on the upper ends of the leads, anchor -weights at the lower ends of streamers and cages for accommodating juvenile scallop, garlands attached to streamers [patent KI 2149541, publ. May 27, 2000]. When putting this installation into the sea, part of streamers with garlands of cages are fastened together with a lock of water-soluble material. The disadvantage of this method is that the juvenile scallop before placing the installation in the sea is in cages without water and in cramped conditions, which leads to the death of some juveniles immediately before the installation in the sea. Also, the process of putting this installation into the sea requires the use of a large share of manual labor.

A device for growing mollusks is known, including a support cable, a loopable floating collector, the ends of which are connected to the support cable, weights fixed to the support cable at the ends of the ends attached to the collector loop, and an exhaust load secured to one end of the support cable [a.s. 8I 1597128, publ. 10/07/1990]. The device is assembled on the deck of the ship, then at low speed it is set into the sea. At the same time, an exhaust load is first dumped from the stern of the vessel, which pulls the entire device into the sea behind it. In the sea, the cable along with the cargo is installed in a line at the bottom, and the floating loops of the collector, which are part of the growth elements, are placed vertically in the water column. This method of putting the device into the sea is selected as the closest analogue.

However, the known device is intended only for collecting mollusk larvae immediately after installing it in the sea and then growing them on the device to marketable size, and the disadvantage of the method of putting this device into the sea is that all the elements of the device are previously placed directly on the deck surface and can become entangled pulling the device into the sea with an exhaust load. In addition, this method cannot be effectively applied for placing at sea an installation for the cultivation of marine mollusks, the young of which are previously placed in outgrowth elements of a cage-type installation, since young mollusks will be in cages on the deck without water under the influence of sunlight, wind and rain, which causes significant death of juveniles immediately before putting the installation into the sea. Also, the presence of outgrowth elements of a relatively complex structure increases the likelihood of tangling of the installation elements when pulling the installation in the sea.

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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical task to be solved is the elimination of the risk of tangling of the elements of the installation for the cultivation of marine mollusks when the installation is put into the sea due to pulling by an exhaust load.

Another technical task to be solved is to reduce the likelihood of death and damage to juvenile marine mollusks from environmental influences when a plant for cultivating marine mollusks, the young of which are previously placed in the outgrowth elements of this plant, is placed at sea.

To solve the technical problems, a method for setting up an installation for the cultivation of marine mollusks at sea is proposed, which contains elements such as a supporting rope with two end anchors and many outgrowth elements sequentially mounted on the supporting rope with their lower ends and directed upwards with their upper ends after the installation in the sea, according to which the installation is assembled from elements on the deck of the vessel, and then put out to sea, while first, from the stern of the vessel on the fly, it is dumped in m re a first end anchored so that it pulled him into the sea of the whole setup. What is new is that during assembly of the installation, outgrowth elements are suspended above the deck at their upper ends on an elongated rail and fastened by their lower ends on the anchor rope sequentially along the length of the anchor rope, while placing the installation in the sea, they arrange the sequential movement of suspended outgrowth elements along the elongate rail in the direction of the stern and sequential removal of the suspended outgrowth elements with an elongated guide behind the stern of the vessel with the subsequent discharge of the outgrowth outgrowths in m Aur due to the movement of the support rope, dragged into the sea after dropping into the sea of the first end anchor.

Here, growth elements are understood to mean any growth elements known from the prior art, such as collector loops, cages or garland cages with leads, threads, etc.

Growing elements are best suspended above the deck on an elongated rail in a zigzag fashion. This will make it possible to mount a relatively long installation on the deck of relatively small sizes with the exception of its tangling when exposed to the sea. Here it is obvious that the carrier rope is located on the deck of the vessel during assembly of the installation also in a zigzag manner, in particular when fixing the lower ends of the growth elements on it. It is also possible here to use as an elongated guide one zigzag elongated guide or several elongated guides, which are arranged above the deck of the ship parallel to each other along this deck of the ship.

To set up a marine mollusk cultivation plant, which additionally includes floats, the latter can be fixed on the upper ends of the growth elements by hanging the growth elements above the deck of the vessel.

To expose the installation for the cultivation of marine mollusks at sea, which additionally includes intermediate anchors, the latter are sequentially fixed on the carrier rope in the places of fixing the lower ends of the growth elements when assembling the installation on the deck of the vessel.

Here, intermediate anchors in the form of slabs can be used, each of which is fixed on a supporting rope at a point of the slab displaced from its center of gravity so as to ensure a vertically oriented position of the slab when it is lowered into the sea and lifted out of it. This temporary vertical position of the plate, which serves as an intermediate anchor, facilitates the entry of this anchor into the water and, especially, simplifies the process of lifting the installation from the water.

For hanging over the deck, outgrowth elements can be used, for example cages, in which the juvenile mollusks are preliminarily placed.

In this case, suspended outgrowth elements can be covered with a protective awning from exposure to sunlight, wind and fresh water from precipitation.

Suspended outgrowth elements with young mollusk juveniles placed in them are better to be irrigated with sea water, which will reduce the likelihood of their death from environmental influences and the lack of water.

It is preferable to carry out the above irrigation using sea water outside.

Also, after suspending half of the growth elements, irrigation can be carried out in two stages: first, half of the growth elements are suspended with the young mollusks placed in them, and irrigation of these suspended growth elements is started, then the remaining growth elements are suspended and all suspended growth elements are already irrigated.

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List of drawings

The invention is further illustrated by an example using the following figures of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for cultivating a scallop after putting it into the sea;

FIG. 2 is a general view of a vertical outgrowth element for cultivating a scallop; FIG. 3 is a general view of the intermediate anchor of the installation for cultivating the scallop;

FIG. 4 is a general view of a movable fastener used to suspend growth elements above a ship deck;

FIG. 5 is a general view of the vessel, showing the frame of the system for placing the installation at sea mounted on the vessel;

FIG. 6 is a top view of a vessel showing an irrigation system of growth elements included in a system for setting up an installation at sea;

FIG. 7 is a General view of the vessel, showing the layout of the bearing element on the frame of the system for placing the installation in the sea of the installation;

FIG. 8 is a side view of a vessel showing a setting for cultivating a scallop mounted on a system for setting this set up at sea;

FIG. 9 is a top view of the vessel, where the frame elements of the system for placing the installation in the sea are omitted, showing the placement of the installation elements on the deck of the vessel before the installation in the sea.

Information confirming the possibility of using the invention

The invention is illustrated by the example of part of the technology for commercial cultivation of scallop in the Sea of Japan, developed and tested by NPKA Nereida LLC (Vladivostok).

In FIG. 1 schematically shows the appearance of the installation for cultivation of scallop in working condition, i.e. after putting it into the sea, the process of which will be explained in the course of the description below. The presented installation includes vertical outgrowth elements in the form of garlands composed of cages 1, with floats 13 at the upper ends of the garlands, and a supporting rope 17, to the ends of which end anchors 18 and builines 20 with signal floats 31 are attached. Over the entire length of the supporting rope 17 to intermediate anchors 14 and the lower ends of the cage garlands 1 are attached to it. The supporting rope 17, the builini 20 is better made from a material with positive buoyancy, for example, polypropylene.

Next, a number of the main elements of the installation will be explained in more detail in order to facilitate understanding of the basic operations of putting this installation at sea.

As shown in FIG. 2, the vertical outgrowth element is a garland of two or more cages 1. The cage 1 consists of one flat perforated plate 2 and twelve convex perforated plates 3 spaced equally apart in the form of a cassette. According to the outer diameter of the perforated plates 2, 3, holes are made that are used to fix the net shell 5 with a slot 6 for inlet and outlet of the scallop on the cartridge from the perforated plates 2, 3. The thread 7 is intended for stitching the slot 6 after placing the scallop fry on the perforated plates 2, 3 of the cage 1. The double thread 8 is passed through the holes in the perforated plates 2, 3 and fixed with the lower end to the lower loop 10 of the lower cage 1, and the upper end of the double thread 8 in the form of an upper loop, it is used to suspend a garland of cages 1 on a movable fastener 29 (see Fig. 4) before setting the installation at sea, as will be explained later. This allows you to group cages 1 in a garland and maintain it in an upright position.

Vertical outgrowth elements are collected as follows. Take a net shell 5, one upper perforated plate 2, twelve convex perforated plates 3 and made of them cage 1, in particular, a cylindrical shape. To do this, the plate 2 is sewn into the head of the cage 1, and the plate 3 is convex upward with equal intervals between them tightly sewn to the net shell 5 through holes along the outer diameter of the plates 3.

An annual of scallop to be marketed is placed through a slot 6 in a net shell 5 on a perforated plate 3. A slot 6 in a net shell is sutured with a thread 7. An upper loop 11 is attached to the top of the cage 1, which serves as a guide for fastening the float 13, and the lower loop 10 is fastened to its lower part, which serves as a streamer for attaching another cage either to form a garland from the cages 1, or to tie the load of the intermediate anchor 14 to the eye 15.

To arrange the garland 1, double thread 8 is used, which is knotted to the bottom of the garland and passed through holes along the outer diameter of the perforated plates 2, 3 of both cages 1 from the side of the slot with the loop up, which serves to hang the garland from the system to expose it to the sea, as will be explained later.

As shown in FIG. 3, the intermediate anchor 14 is made in the form of a square plate and provided with a ring 15 of synthetic material, while the ring 15 is rigidly attached to the reinforcement of the plate (not shown) and poured with concrete with an offset from the center of gravity of the plate in any direction. Eye 15 is made of

- 3 017012 of a suitable rope or rope made of a polymer-based material, in particular polypropylene, nylon or lavsan. The execution of the eye 15 of elastic material with a shift from the center of gravity of the intermediate armature 14 in any direction should allow the intermediate armature 14 when descending into the water or when rising from the water to take a vertically oriented position (side of the plate up), which allows not only easier entry it into the water when placing the installation in the sea, but also its easier pushing out from under the support rope 17 when lifting the installation to the surface due to the selection of the support rope 17.

As shown in FIG. 4, the movable fastener 29, used to hang the garland of the cages 1 before putting the installation into the sea, is made in the form of a ring equipped with two hooks 30, the purpose of which will be explained later.

As shown in FIG. 5, before setting up the installation for cultivating the scallop in the sea at the stern of the vessel above the deck, mount the frame of the system for setting the installation in the sea, which is made in the form of a frame in the form of an inverted rectangular trapezoid made up of rod elements (for example, made of metal pipes ), including a U-shaped vertical strut 21, rigidly mounted on the bow of the vessel; U-shaped inclined rack 23, rigidly fixed to the stern of the vessel; and longitudinal rods 22 located above the ship’s deck parallel to the deck and mounted on the racks 21 and 23. The upper part of the frame in the stern area has a shot 24, taken outside the stern of the deck. From the outside of the shot, a limiter 26 is made with mounting holes 25.

As shown in FIG. 6, an irrigation pipe 27 having irrigation holes, for example, in the form of a perforated hose, is fixed to the upper part of the frame of the system for placing the installation at sea on the longitudinal rods 22 parallel to the deck. Irrigation pipe 27 is part of the irrigation system of growth elements, which is part of the system for placing the installation at sea. This outgrowth irrigation system also includes a seawater pump and suitable valves (not shown).

Also, as shown in FIG. 7, a cable is pulled over the deck between the upper span of the vertical strut 21 and the limiter 26 using mounting holes so as to obtain several longitudinal load-bearing elements 28 located above the deck along the deck and protruding at one end behind the stern due to the shot 24. The load-bearing elements 28 perform the function guide, as will be explained later. Additionally, when mounting the supporting elements 28, they are mounted on movable fasteners 29 with two hooks (see Fig. 4)

Further, from above and from the sides, the frame of the system for placing the installation in the sea is covered with an awning to protect the cages from the sun, wind, and atmospheric precipitation (not shown).

Before setting up the plant for cultivation of the coastal scallop (see Fig. 1), the annuals of the coastal scallop to be cultivated using this plant are first delivered to the sea from the plantations. Yearlings of the scallop are sorted by size range and planted in vertical outgrowths (see Fig. 2). In this case, the scallop through the slot 6 in the net shell 5 is placed in the cages 1 on each of the perforated plates 3 and the slot 6 is sutured with the thread 7. Next, to the upper loop 11 in the upper part of the garland of the cages 1, a float 13 is attached, to the lower loop 10 in the lower part garlands of cages 1 attach a double thread 8, which is passed through the perforation holes in the perforated plates 2, 3 through the entire garland of two or more cages 1 from the bottom up from the side of the slot 6. The upper loop of the double thread 8 is thrown onto the float 13. The obtained outgrowth elements in the form many weights yand cages 1 in assembled form is immersed in sea water and is arranged in the vicinity of the vessel, which has already installed the system for issuing the installation at sea.

As shown in FIG. 8 and 9, the second end anchor 18 with the builin 20 is first loaded onto the vessel, then the supporting rope 17 with intermediate anchors 14. The supporting rope 17 is laid on the deck of the vessel in a zigzag manner, then the first end anchor 18 with the builin is loaded 20. The corresponding signal wires are attached to the builines 20 the floats 31, the end anchors 18 are tied with leashes to the ends of the carrier rope 17, and the intermediate anchors 14 are sequentially tied to the loops of the carrier rope 17.

Further, from the water, through the aft ramp 32, garlands of cages 1 with seabasses of the scallop placed in them are lifted aboard the vessel. Then, the garland of cages 1 is suspended on the carrier 28 by the upper loop of the double thread 8, worn on the first bend of the hook 30 of the movable fastener 29 located on the carrier 28, and the float 13 is suspended on the second bend of the hook 30 of the same movable fastener 29. For the lower loop 10, the garland of the cages 1 is tied to the supporting rope 17 at the place of attachment of the corresponding intermediate armature 14. Suspension of the garlands of the cages 1 begins from the place on the deck farthest from the stern, i.e. near the vertical rack 21. In this case, the garlands of the cages 1 are first suspended in a row across the deck, hanging each subsequent garland of the cages 1 on an adjacent support element 28 in the direction across the deck. After the garlands of cages 1 of the row are suspended on all the supporting elements 28 and tied to the supporting rope 17, they begin to form the next row of garlands of cages 1 in the opposite direction across the deck, thereby forming a zigzag shape of the suspended

- 4 017012 garlands of cages 1.

Irrigation of suspended cage garlands 1 on board the vessel is done from above, supplying seawater to the irrigation pipe 27, for example, in two stages: after placing 17 halves of cage garlands 1 on the supporting rope 1, include the first half of the irrigation system supplying water to the already suspended half of cage garlands 1 , and after placing the second half of the cage garlands 1, the irrigation system is fully activated, thereby irrigating all suspended cage garlands 1.

Further, the ship goes to sea in the area of the installation with the operating irrigation system. In the required area of the water area, preferably when the vessel moves with a speed of 1-2 knots in the direction of deep currents, the ramp 32 is opened, the builin 20 with a signal float 31 is dropped into the sea and then the first end anchor 18 corresponding to them, which drains the whole installation into the sea . At the same time, the garlands of the cages 1 move in suspension along the respective supporting elements 28 behind the corresponding intermediate anchors 14. Each intermediate anchor 14, when leaving the ramp, tears off the upper loop of the double thread 8 from the first bend of the hook 30, due to which the garland of the cages 1 is removed from the supporting element 28, while the float 13 breaks from the second bend of the hook 30, and the garland of cages 1 goes into the water. In this manner, with the successive departure of all garland cages 1 to the sea, the entire installation for cultivating the scallop is put out to sea for 2.0-2.5 minutes.

Further, it is possible to assemble the next installation for cultivating the scallop on a ship and put it into the sea in the same way as described above. At the same time, each subsequent installation is set up at sea approximately nearby and parallel to the installation already set so that the distance between the bearing ropes of 17 neighboring installations is from 30 to 50 m.

When cultivating a scallop, usually the depth of the sea at the installation site is 25-32 m. When cultivating other marine mollusks, the depth of exposure of the installation may be different.

As shown by the testing of the above method of putting the installation for cultivation of the scallop into the sea, it was possible to reduce the mortality of juvenile scallop when putting the plant in the sea by 3-4 times, as well as faster adaptation of the young to changes in environmental conditions compared with the known methods.

It should be understood that the above example is used only to illustrate the possibility of carrying out the invention. It is not intended to limit the scope of legal protection presented in the claims, while a person skilled in the art is relatively easy to implement other ways of carrying out the invention within the framework of the attached claims.

Claims (7)

CLAIM 1. The method of placing in the sea of the installation for the cultivation of marine mollusks, containing bearing rope with two end anchors and a lot of nursery elements with young mollusks of marine mollusks placed in them, which are successively fixed on the supporting cable with their lower ends and are directed upwards with their upper ends after setting the installation the sea, according to which the installation is assembled from elements on the deck of the vessel, and then put into the sea, while first from the stern of the vessel the first end anchor is dropped into the sea, h Oba it is stretched over an entire installation to the sea, characterized in that during assembly installation nursery elements suspended above the deck of their upper ends on the elongate guide and fix their lower ends on the supporting rope sequentially along the length of the cable; for placing in the sea use the installation, additionally including floats, which are fixed on the upper ends of the outgrowths when hanging the outgrowths above the deck of the vessel, and intermediate anchors, successively fixed on the supporting rope in the places of fixing the lower ends of the outgrowths during the assembly of the installation, while when placing an installation at sea, they organize a sequential movement of suspended nursery elements along an elongated guide in the direction of the stern of the vessel and successive removal suspended suspension elements with an elongated guide behind the stern of the vessel with subsequent discharge of the removed nursery elements into the sea due to the movement of the carrying cable pulled into the sea after dropping the first end anchor into the sea. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the nursery elements are suspended above the deck in a zigzag order. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they use intermediate anchors in the form of plates, each of which is fixed on the carrying rope at the point of the plate displaced from its center of gravity so as to ensure the plate is vertically oriented during its descent into the sea and ascent out of him. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hanging nursery elements are covered with a protective awning. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hanging nursery elements irrigate the sea water. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that irrigation is carried out with outboard seawater. 7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that after hanging half of the outgrowths, these suspended outgrowths are irrigated, and the rest of the outgrowths are suspended and all of the outgrowths are hung up.