RU88542U1 - SPECTRAL SPHERO PRISMATIC GLASSES - Google Patents

Abstract

Sphere-prismatic glasses, characterized in that the spherical-prismatic lenses of the glasses are equipped with light filters that cut off the ultraviolet-blue and blue-green parts of the spectrum.

Description

The utility model relates to medicine and, in particular, to ophthalmology, and provides a comprehensive optical and spectral reduction in visual loads and protection of the visual apparatus when working at close range.

There is a known problem of eye fatigue when working behind a computer monitor and other nearby screen devices. Fatigue is associated with prolonged monotonous tension of the ciliary (lens) muscles providing accommodation, and the internal rectus muscles of the eye, providing convergence. In young people, long-term loads of this kind entail the risk of accommodation spasm and progressive myopia [2], asthenopia symptoms occur in middle age, and presbyopia forms in adults (after 45 years) - it is impossible to focus eyesight at a short distance [6].

The phenomenon of blue-green and ultraviolet-blue phototoxicity, as well as chromatic aberration (light scattering), is also known.

By phototoxicity, damage to the retina and pigment epithelium of the eye is understood to be certain parts of the spectrum. The ultraviolet-blue part of the spectrum has the most pronounced damaging effect on the eye, with toxicity rapidly increasing with decreasing wavelength (from 400 nm or less), blue-green phototoxicity reaches a peak near 500 nm and rapidly decreases at higher and lower wavelengths. Blue-green phototoxicity has a spectrum of action similar to that of night vision sensitivity. The mediator of both processes is rhodopsin. The main natural filter protecting the retina is the lens. The cornea and shielding pigments also play a role in protection from photo damage [1, 3].

Chromatic aberration occurs due to the different lengths of light waves and their separation during passage through the refractive media of the eye, the total refractive power of which is about +60.0 diopters (cornea + anterior chamber = +40.0 to 43.0 diopters; lens (at rest) accommodation) = about 20.0 diopters). Short-wave light (blue-violet) is most prone to refraction and scattering both in the atmosphere and on the boundary surfaces of the eye medium, therefore, it does not reach the focal point of long-wave rays (red) on the retina [1]. As a result, a “blurred” image is imprinted on the retina.

Known answers to the first problem are as follows.

Utekhin's bifocal sphere-prismatic glasses proposed by the author for the treatment of myopia [2]. The same approach is contained in glasses for the prevention and treatment of visual fatigue syndrome Lalina et al. [2], as well as in Yermoshin's monofocal spherically prismatic glasses (sphere-prismatic simulator glasses) used for primary prevention of vision disorders caused by work at close range [3, four]. Spherically prismatic glasses provide optical unloading of the lens muscles and muscles that bring the axis of vision to one nearby point, due to the transfer of lenses part of the work of accommodation and convergence. Useful effects are achieved due to the plus lenses of small strength (“remote lens”, unloading the lens of the eye) (up to 1.5-2.0 diopters) and prisms located in the frame with the base to the nose (up to 4-6.5 prismatic diopters), which provides the expansion of the field of view, the release of the eyes from convergent loads.

An approach that protects the retina from the damaging effects of “toxic” parts of the spectrum and reduces chromatic aberration is spectral glasses, the lenses of which, thanks to the yellow filters in them, absorb the bulk of the violet-blue spectrum and increase the clarity of the image on the retina. In the red spectrum, in the range of the so-called “relaxation band” (620-770 nm), maximum transmission is allowed, which, according to the authors, contributes to the active restoration of the functional state of the retina, improves photosensitivity and light perception [1].

The purpose of creating a utility model is the comprehensive protection of the visual apparatus from the harm caused to it by prolonged muscular loads when working close to it, the suppression of chromatic aberration that impedes the clear projection of the image on the retina, and the filtering of the ultraviolet-blue and blue-green parts of the spectrum, of natural origin and emitted by technical devices that have a damaging effect on the structure of the eye.

This goal is achieved by combining in one product two effects useful for vision: sphere prismatic and spectral unloading of vision. Unloading of the ciliary muscles is achieved due to the spherical component in the eyeglass lenses, selected according to the principle of comfort (the search is carried out in the area of 1.5-2-2.5 (maximum to 3.0) units in the plus side of the eye refraction value determined in the usual way) ; the prismatic component of spectacle lenses (prisms with the base to the nose, up to a maximum of 6.25 prdptr) provides comfortable work of the internal rectus muscles of the eye;

spectral protection of vision from phototoxic parts of the spectrum and an increase in contrast perception is achieved by filters that cut off the ultraviolet-blue and blue-green parts of the spectrum.

Thus, the hybrid model provides:

- unloading of muscles providing accommodation and convergence

- facilitates the work of the visual analyzer by eliminating "visual noise" - those parts of the spectrum that create the effect of "blurring" of the image on the retina

- provides eye protection from the damaging effects of "toxic" parts of the spectrum.

All this together contributes to the creation of more comfortable working conditions for the muscular and analytic apparatus of the eye when working close, than this is achieved by individual effects.

In practice, the model is implemented as follows: sphere-prismatic spectacle lenses produced by any of the known technologies (polishing from semi-finished products by the principle of prescription lenses, casting from thermosetting plastics, etc.) are equipped with a light filter that delays parts of the spectrum that impede contrast perception and are dangerous in terms of damage to structures eyes.

Sources taken into account:

1. Atrushkevich A.A. Spectral relaxation combined glasses (RKO) as a type of medical correction of vision // "Frames and lenses". No. 6 (42). 2007. P.46.

2. Vatchenko A.A. Spasm of accommodation and myopia. Kiev, "Health", 1977.

3. Dolgova I.G., Malishevskaya T.N., Makarov A.Yu., Atrushkevich A.A. Relaxation rehabilitation glasses in the postoperative period for patients with artifact // Frames and lenses. No. 6 (48). 2008.P.38.

4. Ermoshin A.F. A method for the primary prevention of visual impairment. Patent for invention No. 2177282, priority from 11/17/2000

5. Lyalin A.N., Lyalin A.A., Chauzov V.A. Glasses for the prevention and treatment of visual fatigue syndrome. Patent for invention No. 2199987, publication date 2000.04.27.

6. Rosenblum Yu.Z. Optometry (selection of vision correction tools). - Ed. 2nd, rev. And add. - St. Petersburg: Hippocrates, 1996 .-- 320 p. Pp. 49, 50.

7. Utekhin Yu.A. "Active rehabilitation optometry" Scientific information bulletin. Corporation "Sobko and K ⁰ ", M .: 2000 S. 7.

8. Utekhin Yu.A., Tsameryan A.P. A method for the prevention and stabilization of myopia using bifocal sphere-prismatic glasses (BSPO). International Symposium "Myopia". Pathogenesis, prevention of progression and complications. - M .: 1990 S. 109, 110.

Claims (1)

Sphere-prismatic glasses, characterized in that the spherical-prismatic lenses of the glasses are equipped with light filters that cut off the ultraviolet-blue and blue-green parts of the spectrum.