RU182007U1 - Spherical prism glasses with a UV-blue spectral filter - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine and, in particular, to ophthalmology and provides a comprehensive reduction in visual loads when working with screen devices and in LED lighting conditions when working at close distances due to a combination of two optical effects in one device: sphere-prismatic unloading of accommodative and convergent muscle loads arising when working at close range and spectral discharge of the visual analyzer by reducing “phototoxicity” using a light filter "Blyubloker" slam exclusively ultraviolet-blue part of the spectrum, and preserving the natural color balance in other parts of the visible spectrum.

Description

The utility model relates to medicine and, in particular, to ophthalmology, and provides a comprehensive optical and spectral reduction in visual loads and protection of the visual apparatus when working with screen devices and in LED lighting conditions when working at close range. It is applicable as a means of comfort, primary prevention, treatment and secondary prevention of visual disturbances.

There is the problem of fatigue and spasm of accommodation against the background of prolonged visual stress associated with working at close range. This kind of work strains accommodation and convergence, leads, on the one hand, to fatigue and spasm of the ciliary muscles (lens muscles) and is a risk factor for the development of functional, reversible myopia, on the other hand, it is a risk factor for the onset and progression of myopia that is already organic, irreversible, caused by deformation of the eyeball under the influence of muscle hypertonicity, bringing the axis of vision to one point (inner rectus muscles of the eye) and the pressure of the stretched outer rectus muscles of the eye on the eyeball [2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9]. Progressive deformity of the eyeball causes tension in the posterior wall of the eyeball and retinal detachment. 27% of the visually impaired lost their sight precisely because of the complications of progressive myopia [9].

Separately, there is a problem of phototoxicity. We are talking about the harmful effects on the lens and retina of the ultraviolet and blue parts of the spectrum, which are present in the blue glow of the backlight diodes of computer monitors, smartphones and LED lamps.

By phototoxicity is meant damage to the retina and pigment epithelium of the eye by certain parts of the spectrum. The ultraviolet-blue part of the spectrum has the most pronounced damaging effect on the eye, with toxicity rapidly increasing with decreasing wavelength (from 400 nm or less), blue-green phototoxicity reaches a peak near 500 nm and rapidly decreases at higher and lower wavelengths. Blue-green phototoxicity has a spectrum of action similar to that of night vision sensitivity. The main natural filter protecting the retina is the lens. The cornea and shielding pigments also play a role in protection from photo damage [1, 3].

Known responses to eye muscle fatigue are as follows.

Utekhin's bifocal sphere-prismatic glasses proposed by the author for the treatment of myopia [8, 9]. The same approach is contained in glasses for the prevention and treatment of visual fatigue syndrome Lalina et al. [6], as well as in Yermoshin's monofocal spherically prismatic glasses (sphere-prismatic simulator glasses) used for the primary prevention of vision disorders caused by work at close range [4] . Sphere-prismatic glasses provide optical unloading of the lens muscles and muscles that bring the axis of vision to one nearby point, due to the transfer of lenses part of the work of accommodation and convergence. Useful effects are achieved due to plus lenses of small strength (“remote lens”, unloading the lens of the eye) (up to 1.5 - 2.0 diopters) and prisms located in the base-to-nose frame (up to 4-6.5 prismatic diopters), which provides the expansion of the field of view, the release of the eyes from convergent loads.

The answer to the problem of phototoxicity is spectral glasses, in which light filters are provided that cut off parts of the spectrum that are harmful to the eyes [1, 3].

An attempt is also described to provide a comprehensive solution to the problem. These are Yermoshin’s spectral sphere-prismatic glasses with the function of suppressing excessive illumination of night-time visual receptors with daylight, especially those parts of its spectrum that fall into the range of 498 nanometers, which corresponds to the frequency of the electromagnetic wave that these receptors (“sticks”) pick up [5].

The last utility model is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that when working with screen devices and “cold” LED lighting, the most harmful part of the spectrum is its blue part (440-485 nanometers), and the solution implemented in the prototype does not fully protect the eye from the harmful effects of this particular part of the spectrum . And the use of a broadband filter in these glasses leads to color distortion, the lenses have a yellow-orange color.

At the same time, the technical possibility has recently appeared to selectively cut off precisely the ultraviolet-blue part of the spectrum without noticeable violation of the color balance in other parts of the spectrum. This feature is called a blueblocker in lenses. Externally, the lenses look like ordinary transparent lenses, they filter the light exclusively in a narrow ultraviolet-blue range.

The proposed utility model involves comprehensive vision protection when working with nearby screen devices by combining the effects of a sphere prism and the blueblocker function in a lens recipe.

Technically, this is as follows. Spherically prismatic lenses are made from semi-finished lenses with a Blueblocker filter for use in close proximity glasses. In glasses, lenses are inserted with the base (thick edge) to the nose. This creates the necessary effects to protect both the lens muscles and internal rectus muscles of the eyes from excessive stress. The recommended values of the spherical component are from + 0.5 to + 1.5 diopters relative to the recipe for glasses for distance (offset in the plus side from the values recommended in glasses for distance), the recommended value of the prismatic component is from 0.5 to 2.5.

Lenses with the required technical characteristics can be manufactured in other ways, for example, cast from thermosets, as well as used in any way to put them in front of the eyes of users.

SOURCES TAKEN ATTENTION:

1. Atrushkevich A.A. Spectral relaxation combined glasses (RKO) as a type of medical correction of vision // "Frames and lenses". No. 6 (42). 2007.S. 46.

2. Vatchenko A.A. Spasm of accommodation and myopia. Kiev, "Health", 1977.

3. Dolgova I.G., Malishevskaya T.N., Makarov A.Yu., Atrushkevich A.A. Relaxation rehabilitation glasses in the postoperative period for patients with artifact // Frames and lenses. No. 6 (48). 2008.S. 38.

4. Ermoshin A.F. A method for the primary prevention of visual impairment. Patent for invention No. 2177282, priority from 11/17/2000.

5. Ermoshin A.F. Spectral sphere-prismatic glasses. Utility Model Patent No. 88542, Priority March 25, 2009.

6. Lyalin A.N., Lyalin A.A., Chauzov V.A. Glasses for the prevention and treatment of visual fatigue syndrome. Patent for invention No. 2199987, publication date 2000.04.27.

7. Rosenblum Yu.Z. Optometry (selection of vision correction tools). - Ed. 2nd, rev. and additional - St. Petersburg: Hippocrates, 1996 .-- 320 p. SS 49.50.

8. Utekhin Yu.A. "Active Rehabilitation Optometry" Scientific Information Bulletin, Sobko & KO Corporation, M .: 2000 S. 7.

9. Utekhin Yu.A., Tsameryan A.P. A method for the prevention and stabilization of myopia using bifocal sphere-prismatic glasses (BSPO). International Symposium "Myopia". Pathogenesis, prevention of progression and complications. - M .: 1990 S. 109.110.

Claims (1)

Sphere-prismatic glasses, characterized in that the spherical-prismatic lenses of the glasses are equipped with light filters that selectively cut off only the ultraviolet-blue part of the spectrum.