RU84892U1 - TWO-LAYER FORMWORK - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A two-layer formwork containing two opposite front and inner panels, also side panels, characterized in that an additional panel is inserted, located opposite the front and inner panels, two additional side panels are also introduced. ! 2. The two-layer formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the front and inner panels are connected to the additional side panels with corner dovetail connectors, and the inner panel is connected to the side panels with linear dovetail connectors. ! 3. The two-layer formwork according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the volume formed by the front, inner and first side panels is filled with “heavy” concrete, and the volume formed by the inner, additional and second side panels is filled with foam concrete, or expanded clay, or polystyrene in the form of crumbs, or other heat-insulating material.

Description

The invention relates to land construction, and in particular to the effects of non-insulating reinforced concrete fence and walls of residential and civil buildings with the use of fixed formwork.

Known building material "Kerakam", which is a large format porous hollow ceramic stone. It can have various sizes and is designed for exposure to load-bearing and self-supporting walls and internal partitions.

see www.STROIKAURAI.RU, paqe 25.

Its disadvantages include a rather high cost, as well as difficulties with deriving the corners and masonry of the first rows, in addition, they do not have a high level of acoustic comfort.

Known block for fixed formwork (US patent No. 6363683, IPC ЕВВ 1/16, published September 1, 2000), containing two opposed plates made of porous heat-insulating material, fastened with plastic jumpers and forming a space for mounting reinforcement and filling hardenable liquid material, while the upper, lower and side surfaces of the plates have protrusions and corresponding recesses for connection with other blocks, each jumper is made of three parts, and the extreme parts of the jumpers have elongated elements located inside the plates and ending with plates located on the outer surfaces of the plates.

The disadvantages of this design of the block is the complexity of the design of the plate, jumpers and attachment points of the jumper to the plates, which leads to a decrease in reliability and the cost of construction of the block.

The absence of lining on the slabs of the formwork block, taking into account the low strength of the heat-insulating porous material, does not allow to additionally increase the allowable size of the layer of fluid material filling the space between the plates in one pouring operation, which increases the total pause time required for the filler material to reach the specified strength, and leads to increase the timing of the wall.

The manufacture of plates and lintels from materials with different mechanical strengths contributes to the occurrence of mechanical damages in the material of the plates at the junction of the lintels with the plates during installation of the jumpers, installation of fittings and filling the space between the plates with a fluid material, which reduces the strength and reliability of the walls being erected.

In addition, the technology of wall construction does not provide for the fastening of jumpers between adjacent blocks.

A known block for fixed formwork (RF patent No. 2253719, IPC ЕВВ 1/16, Е04В 2/86, published June 10, 2005), containing two opposed plates made of porous heat-insulating material, fastened with plastic jumpers and forming an installation space between them reinforcement and filling with a flowable material capable of hardening, while the upper, lower and side surfaces of the plates have protrusions and their corresponding recesses for connection with other blocks, each jumper is made of three parts, and the extreme parts of the jumpers have elongated elements located inside the plates and ending with plates having protrusions on the outer surface and located on the outer surfaces of the plates, while the plates and plates on the outside are coated with a lining method by partially immersing them in a mold filled with a fluid material capable of hardening.

The disadvantages of this block design are also the complex design of the block plates, jumpers and fasteners, contributing to a decrease in reliability and the cost of the block structure.

Drawing on the outer sides of the slabs of the block and the plates of the lintels of the facing layer made it possible to partially increase the strength and reliability of the block. However, the proposed process of applying the facing layer is labor-intensive and energy-intensive, requires special equipment and large production areas, which contributes to the cost of blocks. In addition, the facing layer applied to the slabs requires additional processing (machining, priming, painting, etc.) at the place of installation of the blocks, and the complex technology of applying the cladding determines the production of blocks with a limited assortment.

The manufacture of plates of lintel blocks and their elements from materials (porous material, plastic, metal, etc.) with different strength and thermophysical characteristics adversely affects the installation of lintels, installation of equipment, filling the formwork with a fluid flowing filler, as well as with the further operation of walls erected with using blocks of this design, which leads to a decrease in the reliability of the walls and the object as a whole.

The disadvantages of the blocks of this design are the complex technology of mounting the block, the high complexity of the construction of the wall, caused by the complex mandatory fixation of the plates and blocks among themselves.

The well-known "Block for fixed formwork", see RF patent No. 2305158, published on 08.27.2007 - PROTOTYPE.

The block for fixed formwork contains two opposite facade and inner plates made of porous heat-insulating material with a facing layer on the outside, fastened with jumpers and forming a space between them for mounting reinforcement and filling with a flowable material capable of hardening, and the plates are made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, as the material of the facing layer on the outer side of the facade plate used material designed for exterior decoration and e requiring additional processing, as the material of the facing layer on the outer side of the inner plate, material intended for internal decoration was used, and the jumpers are made in the form of a parallelepiped of porous heat-insulating material and are installed with a protrusion from the side of the upper and end side surfaces of the plates and their corresponding recesses with sides of the lower and opposite end side surfaces of the plates.

Its disadvantages include:

- a rather high cost due to the use of additional blocks above the zero cycle, additional materials in the form of glue, primers, coating with facing material, etc .;

- the blocks are intended only for use as load-bearing during the construction of buildings, and, for example, for the impact of fences, fences, etc. they will be too expensive.

An object of the invention is to simplify the design, improve the manufacturability of their connections to each other, the flexibility of use depending on the purpose.

To solve this problem, a two-layer formwork is proposed, containing two opposite front and inner panels, also side panels, characterized in that an additional panel is installed, located opposite the front and inner panels, two additional side panels are also introduced; the front and inner panels are connected to additional side panels by dovetail corner connectors, and the inner panel is connected to side panels by dovetail linear connectors; the volume formed by the front, inner and first side panels is filled with “heavy” concrete, and the volume formed by the internal, additional and second side panels is filled with foam concrete, or expanded clay, or polystyrene in the form of crumbs, or other heat-insulating material.

In FIG. two projections of the proposed block are shown, which show: 1 - the front and inner formwork panels of the first size, 2 - the side panels of the formwork of the second size, 3 - the side panels of the formwork of the third size, 4 - the additional formwork panel, 5 - dovetail connectors angled, 6 - dovetail connectors linear, 7 - heavy concrete, 8 - foam concrete, and, c, ... n - a multi-storey set of blocks.

The two-layer formwork has the following connections: panels of the first formwork size (front and inner) are connected (top view) to the side panels 2 of the second formwork and to the side panels 3 of the third size form by means of corner connectors 5; the additional formwork panel 4 is connected to the side panels of the formwork 2 and 3 by means of linear connectors 6, the space bounded by panels 1, 2 and 4 is poured (filled) with heavy concrete 7, and the space bounded by panels 1, 3 and 4 is filled (filled) with foam concrete, "Izovatoy", expanded clay, polystyrene chips or any other heat-insulating material, the number of blocks a, b and n is determined by the number of storeys of the building.

Actually, panels 1, 2, 3, and 4 are made of a polymer-sand mixture, for example, 30% high-pressure polyethylene and 70% silica sand, by melting the polymer and adding silica sand to the molds. The thickness of the panels is 50 mm for multi-story construction (4-5 floors) and more than 50 mm for high-rise buildings. All knots of panels fastening to each other of the “dovetail” type (in construction called crabs) are made simultaneously with the panels themselves and form a whole with them. In the drawing, "crabs" are not disclosed, because this is the most common mount (typical).

An additional panel makes it easy to combine the use of formwork as a carrier for the construction of buildings. In this case, position 7 is (poured during installation) heavy concrete (the bearing part of the formwork), and position 8 is used for thermal and acoustic insulation in the form of foam concrete or other lightweight aggregate. When erecting a building for a change house, a temporary building, a warehouse, item 8 is removed (not installed), which simplifies and reduces the cost of construction.

When erecting a fence, for example, the fence is removed pos.8 and a fence panel is obtained, and the space pos.8 can be filled with any cheap improvised material: sand, sawdust, gravel or the same foam concrete - or not filled at all.

Thus, the formwork can be quickly transformed for the construction of capital residential and industrial buildings (as a two-layer) or for the construction of auxiliary buildings: warehouses, change houses, fences, etc. (as a single layer). It can be seen that this is the flexibility of application (due to the design flexibility), ease of assembly / disassembly, panel connections to each other and extension, and this is manufacturability.

The formwork design is extremely simple, as can be seen from the drawing.

Claims (3)

1. A two-layer formwork containing two opposite front and inner panels, also side panels, characterized in that an additional panel is inserted, located opposite the front and inner panels, two additional side panels are also introduced. 2. The two-layer formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the front and inner panels are connected to the additional side panels with corner dovetail connectors, and the inner panel is connected to the side panels with linear dovetail connectors. 3. The two-layer formwork according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the volume formed by the front, inner and first side panels is filled with “heavy” concrete, and the volume formed by the inner, additional and second side panels is filled with foam concrete, or expanded clay, or polystyrene in the form of crumbs, or other heat-insulating material.