RU83607U1 - CARTRIDGE BULLETS FOR Rifled small arms - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Bullet cartridge for rifled small arms, having a head animated part, a leading part and a tail part, made in the form of a truncated cone tapering to the rear end, and containing a bimetallic shell made open from the end of the tail of the bullet, and a steel core, characterized in that the bullet is made of two elements and the core is placed directly in the bimetallic shell with an interference fit, while on the side surface of the core there is a profile girdle with longitudinal grooves, partially placed on and the live part of the core and partially transitioning to its leading part, the rest of the cylindrical leading part of the core is made with a diameter forming a gap between the core and the inner surface of the shell, and the tightness Δ on the leading part of the bullet between the outer diameter of the core along the tops of the grooves d.sub.k. and the inner diameter of the shell din. is Δ = (d.s.-dint.). / 2 = (0.005 ... 0.025) mm., the cross-sectional gap of the leading part of the bullet in the grooves is (0.025 ... 0.035) Smin., and in the region of the cylindrical part of the core is (0,045 ... 0,05) Smead., where Smead. - mid-section of a bullet. ! 2. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the geometrical parameters of the bullet have the following aspect ratio: the total length of the bullet Lp is (4.55 ... 4.75) d, the length of the bullet head 1g.ch.p. equal to (3.0 ... 3, l) d, the length of the tail conical part of the bullet 1h.ch.p. equal to (0.65 ... 0.80) d, the outer diameter of the shell on the leading part of the bullet d.h.o., paired with the head part, is equal to (1,020 ... 1,028) d, and the core has the following size ratios: core length Lc equal to (4.2 ... 4.4) d, the length of the head of the core 1g.h.s. equal to (2.7 ... 2.8)

Description

The utility model relates to the ammunition of a small automatic weapon, namely, to bullets designed to destroy manpower, protected and not protected by personal protective equipment.

Known pistol bullet according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2147368, IPC7 F42B 30/02, 12/06, publ. 04/10/2000. This 9 mm caliber bullet, intended for firing from a Makarov pistol, contains a shell in the form of a glass and a hardened steel core with a flat top, having a head, a leading and a tail, and installed with the protrusion of the head over the open end of the shell. The core of the bullet is fixed directly to the shell by one or more profile belts located on the leading part of the core, and the outer diameter of the belts exceeds the inner diameter of the shell. Mass and geometric parameters of the bullet are also claimed. This pistol bullet is not intended for firing from a small automatic weapon.

Currently known 5.45 mm cartridge with an ordinary bullet, index 7N6. Also known cartridge index 7H10 caliber 5.45 mm. An increased penetration bullet for this cartridge is protected by RF patent No. 1838750 “Bullet for small arms cartridges”, IPC F42B 30/02, 12/06; publ. 08/30/1993

Known 5.45 mm cartridge with an armor-piercing bullet, index 7H22. The bullet for this cartridge is protected by RF patent No. 2072507 "Bullet for small arms cartridges", IPC F42B 30/02 publ. 01/27/1997, the bullet of this cartridge is taken as a prototype, as it has the greatest number of common features with the proposed solution.

The bullets of all three of the above cartridges consist of three elements: a shell, a steel core and a lead shirt, located between

shell and core. A plastic lead shirt allows you to compensate for the deformation of the shell when the bullet moves along the rifling of the barrel of the weapon, thereby ensuring the survivability of small arms.

These bullets have the following disadvantages.

The main disadvantage for these bullets is the underutilization of the energy of the powder charge of cartridges in which these bullets are used. This is due to the fact that the presence of a lead jacket limits the size of the diameter of the core, and hence its mass, which reduces the use of energy from the steel core. In addition, in contact with the barrier part of the energy is spent on dismantling the lead shirt.

Another disadvantage of these bullets is that when the bullet moves along the barrel, it interacts with the rifling of the barrel channel with its entire cylindrical surface. In this case, an unjustifiably high resistance to the bullet’s movement along the barrel channel and the formation of screw grooves and bulges on its cylindrical surface leads to a decrease in its acceleration (to a decrease in the bullet’s initial flight speed), and therefore to a decrease in the bullet’s destructive ability. High resistance to the movement of the bullet along the bore also leads to increased wear on the surfaces and faces of the rifling of the bore of the small arms.

In connection with the increasing role of fire training of various units at special ranges and shooting ranges, concentrated environmentally hazardous materials (lead and other heavy materials) occur that are used in bullet designs. As a result, there is pollution of the soil, water, atmosphere. Therefore, the urgent task is to create bullets that do not contain environmentally harmful materials.

This utility model solves the problem of creating a bullet, with

the use of environmentally friendly materials in its design, while improving the tactical and technical characteristics of a cartridge delivered by a bullet.

The problem is achieved in that the bullet of the cartridge for rifled small arms, having a head animated part, a leading part and a tail part, made in the form of a truncated cone tapering to the rear end, and containing a bimetallic shell made open from the end of the tail part of the bullet, and a steel core is made two-element, i.e. a lead shirt is excluded from the design of the bullet. The core of the bullet is placed directly in the bimetallic shell with an interference fit, while on the side surface of the core there is a profile girdle with longitudinal grooves, partially placed on the lively part of the core and partially passing to its leading part. The remaining cylindrical leading part of the core is made with a diameter forming a gap between the core and the inner surface of the shell. Preload Δ on the leading part of the bullet between the outer diameter of the core along the tops of the grooves d _drug and the inner diameter of the shell (d _{internal area} is Δ = (d _drug- d _{internal side} ) / 2 = (0.005 ... 0.025) mm, the cross-sectional Area of the leading section of the leading part of the bullet in the grooves is ( 0.025 ... 0.035) S _mid. , And in the region of the cylindrical part of the core is (0.045 ... 0.05) S _mid. , Where S _mid. Is the _mid -section of the bullet.

At the same time, the geometric parameters of the bullet have the following aspect ratio: the total length of the bullet L _p is (4.55 ... 4.75) d, the length of the bullet head is 1 _h.p. equal to (3.0 ... 3.1) d, the length of the tail conical part of the bullet is 1 _h.p. equal to (0.65 ... 0.80) d, the outer diameter of the shell on the leading part of the bullet d _h.o. , conjugated with the head part, is equal to (1,020 ... 1,028) d, while the core has the following size ratios : the length of the core L _c is (4.2 ... 4.4) d, the length of the head of the core is 1 _gh.s. equal to (2.7 ... 2.8) d, the length of the tail conical part of the core 1 _h.h.s. equal to (0.55 ... 0.70) d, the outer diameter of the core on its leading part along the tops of the grooves

d _nar.k. is equal to (0.83 ... 0.084) d, the diameter of the cylindrical part of the core d _c.h.s. equal to (0.80 ... 0.81) d, where d is the caliber of the bullet.

The width of the profile girdle N _to on the core is (0.64 ... 0.68) d, while 55 ... 70% of the length of the profile girdle is located on the lively part of the core, the groove depth δk is (0.040 ... 0.045) d , and the pitch of the grooves t _k is (0,090 ... 0,095) d and is selected taking into account the provision of their integer number.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings: figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a bullet; figure 2 is a steel core, figure 3 is a cross-section aa bullets in the region of the profile girdle on its leading part before the shot, and figure 4, as in figure 3 - after the shot of the cartridge with the declared bullet .

The proposed bullet (Figure 1) consists of two elements: a bimetallic shell 1 and a steel core 2. The core 2 of the bullet is made of steel U12A and has a protective antifriction polymer coating based on FPSM-51.

The bullet has a head animating part 3, a leading part 4 and a tail part 5, made in the form of a truncated cone tapering to the rear end 6. The bimetallic shell 1 is made open from the end face 6 of the tail part 5 of the bullet.

A profile girdle 7 with longitudinal grooves 8 is made on the lateral surface of the core 2, partially placed on the animating part 9 of the core 2 and partially passing to its leading part 10. The core 2 is placed directly in the bimetallic shell 1 with an interference fit in the area of the profile girdle 7. For reliable fastening and fixing the core 2 in the bimetallic shell 1, the tightness Δ is chosen equal to the range: (d _nar.k -d _internal ) / 2 = (0.005 ... 0.025) mm. The rest of the cylindrical leading part 11 of the core 2 to its tail portion 12, forms a gap between the core 2 and the inner surface of the shell 1.

The area of the gap 13 of the cross section between the inner surface of the shell 1 and the surface of the grooves on the leading part

core 2 should be equal to (0,025 ... 0,035) S _mid. and the area of the gap 14 between the inner surface of the shell 1 and the cylindrical part 11 of the core 2 is (0,045 ... 0,05) S _mid. where S _mid. - mid-section of the bullet (along the cuts of the barrel bore).

In the drawings, the following notation:

L _p - the total length of the bullet equal to (4,55 ... 4,75) d;

1 _h.p. - the length of the bullet head, equal to (3.0 ... 3.1) d;

1 _h.p.p. - the length of the tail conical part of the bullet equal to (0.65 ... 0.80) d;

d _h.o. - the outer diameter of the shell on the leading part of the bullet, conjugated with the head part, equal to (1,020 ... 1,028) d;

L _c - core length equal to (4.2 ... 4.4) d;

1 _h.p. - the length of the head of the core, equal to (2.7 ... 2.8) d;

1 _h.h.s. - the length of the tail of the core, equal to (0.55 ... 0.70) d;

d _nar.k. - the outer diameter of the core on its leading part along the tops of the grooves, equal to (0.83 ... 0 .804) d;

d _c.c.c. - the diameter of the cylindrical part of the core, equal to (0.80 ... 0.81) d;

N _to - the width of the profile girdle on the core, equal to (0.64 ... 0.68) d;

δ _to - the depth of the grooves, equal to (0,040 ... 0,045) d;

t _to - groove pitch equal to (0,090 ... 0,095) d.

Due to the presence of a profile girdle 7 with longitudinal grooves 8, its location on the side surface of the core, as well as due to the presence of interference A (Fig. 3), the core is reliably fixed in the bimetallic shell 1, providing acceptable stiffness of the bullet and its integrity as when moving along the bore and during flight (lack of dismantling).

The geometric parameters of the profile girdle, including the depth of the grooves and the cross-sectional gap between the inner surface of the shell and the surface of the grooves on the leading part of the core, provide optimal resistance to the movement of the bullet along the bore and the maximum initial speed of the bullet for a given powder charge of the cartridge. Availability of declared optimal

the gap between the inner surface of the shell and the cylindrical part of the core on the one hand reduces the resistance to movement of the bullet along the bore of the barrel due to the small force of deformation of the shell in the region of the cylindrical part of the core, and on the other hand, provides centering of the bullet in the barrel along its cuts, eliminating its skew.

When fired, the bullet works as follows: under the influence of powder gases, the bullet crashes into the grooves of the barrel channel. When the bullet moves along the rifling of the bore, the bimetallic shell 1 is deformed, crimping on the core 2 (Figure 4). The placement of the profile girdle 7 partially on the animated part of the core 2 provides a smooth incision of the shell of the bullet into the grooves of the barrel of the weapon. With further movement of the bullet on the outer surface of the shell 1, grooves form in the region of its leading part 15. Shell 1 is deformed, and the bullet acquires the necessary initial speed.

The exception of a lead shirt allows for a given caliber of a bullet to increase the diameter of its core, thereby its kinetic energy with the same powder charge of the cartridge.

The claimed optimal geometrical parameters of the bullet provide the maximum initial velocity of the bullet, i.e. together with an increase in the mass of the core, increase the striking ability of the bullet.

Thus, the exception from the design of the bullet lead shirt gives the following advantages of the proposed cartridge, compared with the prototype:

- reducing the complexity of manufacturing bullet cartridges;

- significant savings of scarce strategic lead material;

- an increase in the mass of the steel core makes it possible to increase the kinetic energy of the core by (20 ... 23)%, which allows to increase the breakdown effect of bullets;

- reduction of barrel bore wear of automatic firearms.

In addition, in the process of research and experimental work it was found that a cartridge with a two-element bullet provides:

- ballistic characteristics (bullet speed, powder gas pressure) corresponding to the requirements of a regular bullet;

- the position of the center of gravity of the two-element bullet and its center of air resistance, giving better results in accuracy of fire, in comparison with the prototype. Indicators of accuracy of fire for the declared bullet are R ₅₀ = 2.5 cm, at a distance of 100 m. While for the prototype R ₅₀ is about 3.0 cm.

Claims (3)

1. Bullet cartridge for rifled small arms, having a head animated part, a leading part and a tail part, made in the form of a truncated cone tapering to the rear end, and containing a bimetallic shell made open from the end of the tail of the bullet, and a steel core, characterized in that the bullet is made of two elements and the core is placed directly in the bimetallic shell with an interference fit, while on the side surface of the core there is a profile girdle with longitudinal grooves, partially placed on and the live part of the core and partially transitioning to its leading part, the rest of the cylindrical leading part of the core is made with a diameter that forms a gap between the core and the inner surface of the shell, and the tightness Δ on the leading part of the bullet between the outer diameter of the core along the tops of the grooves d _drug and the inner diameter of the shell d _inner is Δ = (d _drug.- d _internal ) / 2 = (0.005 ... 0.025) mm., the cross-sectional gap of the leading part of the bullet in the grooves is (0.025 ... 0.035) S _mid. , and in the region of the cylindrical part of the core is (0,045 ... 0,05) S _mid. where S _mid. - mid-section of a bullet. 2. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the geometrical parameters of the bullet have the following aspect ratio: the total length of the bullet L _p is (4.55 ... 4.75) d, the length of the bullet head is 1 _h.p. equal to (3.0 ... 3, l) d, the length of the tail conical part of the bullet is 1 _h.p. equal to (0.65 ... 0.80) d, the outer diameter of the shell on the leading part of the bullet d _h.o. conjugated with the head part is (1,020 ... 1,028) d, while the core has the following size ratios: core length L _c is (4,2 ... 4,4) d, the length of the head part of the core is 1 _{gh .} equal to (2.7 ... 2.8) d, the length of the tail conical part of the core 1 _h.h.s. equal to (0.55 ... 0.70) d, the outer diameter of the core on its leading part along the tops of the grooves d _nar.k. is equal to (0.83 ... 0.084) d, the diameter of the cylindrical part of the core d _c.h.s. equal to (0.80 ... 0.81) d, where d is the caliber of the bullet. 3. The bullet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the width of the profile girdle H _to on the core is (0.64 ... 0.68) d, while 55 ... 70% of the length of the profile girdle is located on the lively part of the core, the depth of the longitudinal the grooves δ _k is equal to (0,040 ... 0,045) d, and the pitch of the grooves t _k is equal to (0,090 ... 0,095) d and is selected taking into account the provision of their integer number.