RU82569U1 - Distillation desalting plant, horizontal tube-type evaporator and condenser - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: for the preparation of especially pure water for replenishment of the circuits of power units of electric and nuclear power plants; in the electronic, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Technical result achieved: compactness of the installation, equipped with necessary and sufficient equipment; the manufacture of equipment included in the installation so that it can be transported assembled by road and rail and a minimum of installation work at the place of operation. The essence of utility models: The distillation desalination plant contains a number of horizontal-tube film evaporators located one above the other and a number of heaters located one above the other, a vapor compressor, pumps, collectors of the media involved in the process, while horizontal-tube film evaporators from the upper to the lower are connected in series between along the evaporated water, along the distillate and along the secondary steam, the heaters are connected in series from the lower to the upper along the way of the initial water, the outlet pipe of the heating steam from the steam compressor connected to the source of the heating steam is connected to the steam input pipe of the upper horizontal pipe film evaporator, and the secondary pipe output pipe of the lower horizontal pipe film evaporator is in communication with the receiving chamber of the steam compressor. The installation is characterized in that it is equipped with an additional row of horizontal-tube film evaporators, identical to the main row of horizontal-tube film evaporators in their design and the connections between them, and an additional row of heaters, identical to the main row of heaters in their structural

execution in the form of shell-and-tube heat exchangers and connections between them, while the outlet pipe of the heated source water of the upper shell-and-tube heater of the main row is connected to the input port of the source water of the upper horizontal tube film evaporator of the main row, the outlet port of evaporated water, distillate and secondary steam of the lower horizontal pipe the film evaporator of the main row are connected, respectively, with the inlet pipes of the evaporated water, distillate and secondary steam of the upper horizontal pipe film evaporator of the additional row, the outlet pipe of the heated source water of the upper shell-and-tube heater of the additional row is connected to the pipe of the input of the heated source water of the lower shell-and-tube heater of the main row, and through the branch pipe of the distillate, each shell-and-tube heater is connected to the distillate collector, the unit is also equipped with a vacuum deaerator additional capacitors, water ejector unit, chemical water treatment unit, consisting of a chemical solution tank reagents and a metering pump for supplying chemical agents to the filtered water pipeline, and U-shaped hydraulic locks connecting in the rows of horizontal-tube film evaporators the outlet for evaporating water of the upstream horizontal-tube film evaporator with the inlet of evaporating water of the downstream horizontal-tube film evaporator wherein the secondary steam outlet pipe of the lower horizontal tubular film evaporator of an additional row is connected to the cc pipe ode to the steam of the main condenser, the vacuum deaerator is equipped with a supply pipe filtered for mechanical suspensions of the source water, a steam supply pipe connected to a secondary steam outlet pipe from a horizontal-tube film evaporator located above the lower horizontal-tube film evaporator of an additional row, a discharge pipe of the deaerated source water connected to the supply pipe of the source water of the lower shell-and-tube heater of an additional row, and the steam outlet pipe, are additional The th condenser, which is a vertical heat exchanger, is equipped with a steam inlet pipe,

connected to the steam outlet pipe of the vacuum deaerator, the input pipe for the vapor-gas mixture, the pipe for supplying cooling water, the pipe for outputting the cooling water, connected to the pipe for entering the cooling water of the main condenser, the pipe for removing non-condensable gases and the pipe for condensate discharge, and all pumps except the pump serving the water ejector unit , and the metering pump are equipped with electric motors with frequency regulation of the speed. The horizontal-tube film evaporator contains a cylindrical body equipped with inlet and outlet nozzles for evaporated water, with end tube sheets, in the central part of which there is a blocking device along the axis, forming central and side compartments across the body, longitudinal bundles of horizontal heat-exchange tubes fixed by the ends in the tube sheets , a steam chamber with a steam inlet pipe and a distillation chamber with distillate inlet and outlet pipes and a steam outlet pipe, separation new devices, irrigation devices in the form of horizontal perforated trays placed above the bundles of horizontal heat transfer tubes. The evaporator is characterized in that the steam and distillation chambers are located at the ends of the casing and are fixed on the tube sheets, the steam chamber is equipped with a box cut into the end pipe grate for communicating the open opening of the box with the central compartment, and a secondary steam outlet pipe is installed at the bottom of the box, a blocking device made in the form of two, rigidly connected to the tube sheets and placed on both sides of the axis of the housing, gutters, and the side compartments are formed between the wall of the cylindrical housing and each and from the gutters, where the longitudinal bundles of horizontal heat exchange tubes are located, the central compartment is formed between the gutters, and separation devices are connected to it, connected to the upper edges of the vertical walls of the gutters closest to the casing axis, while the second vertical walls of the gutters are interconnected by a sheet with a gap to the wall of the cylindrical housing, located horizontally above the irrigation devices

end sections of the nozzles for the input of evaporated water have slotted slots, and the outlet openings of the nozzles are muffled. The condenser contains a vertical housing with a bundle of vertical heat exchange tubes placed in it, an upper and lower water chambers, a steam inlet pipe, cooling water inlet and outlet pipes, a condensate drain pipe, and a non-condensable gas pipe. The capacitor is characterized in that the capacitor body is made of two opposite flat walls connected by two semicircular walls of different diameters, while a vertical perforated plate is installed between the joints of the flat walls with the smaller of the semicircular walls.

Description

The claimed results of intellectual activity are a group of useful models related to evaporation technology: distillation desalination plant, horizontal tube film evaporator and condenser. The horizontal tube film evaporator and condenser are intended for use in a distillation desalination plant, and all three inventions taken together are so interconnected that they form a single inventive concept, proof of which will be given later.

These utility models can be used in the energy sector, mainly in the nuclear industry, to produce highly pure water for replenishing the circuits of power units of nuclear power plants (NPPs), as well as to replenish power units of power plants and to prepare make-up water for the heating network. Utility models can also be used in chemical, electronic, biotechnological, pharmaceutical and other industries for the preparation of especially pure water.

Usually, chemical water desalination (HVO) plants are used to make water to feed the circuits of nuclear power units. However, when using such schemes, a large amount of chemicals is consumed and a large amount of wastewater from washing is formed, which must be further processed in order to comply with environmental requirements. All this increases the cost and complicates the process of obtaining demineralized water in comparison with the thermal method of desalination, and also worsens the environmental situation.

In addition, the possibility of commercializing commercial saline products obtained by chemical water desalination (CVD) - dry gypsum and sodium chloride solution due to the lack of demand from them is being questioned.

potential consumers in the case of the use of HVO installations for evaporation of effluents.

In this regard, Rosenergoatom decided to modernize the chemical water treatment plants of nuclear power plants by using modernized distillation desalination plants (DOEs) developed at OJSC Sverdlovsk Research Institute of Chemical Engineering (OJSC SverdNIIkhimmash). When developing a preschool educational institution for the production of make-up water for power units being modernized and newly under construction in Russia, more than 50 years of experience of SverdNIIkhimmash OJSC in the development and use of desalination plants at nuclear power plants and large thermal power plants in the USSR were used.

In the process of distillative desalination of water, substances that cause a negative impact on the environment are not used, high and stable quality of the obtained distillate is almost independent of the chemical composition of the source water, ease of maintenance, thorough preliminary preparation of the source water (coagulation, liming, etc.) is not required, but enough only cleaning it with mechanical filters. The minimum amount of chemical reagents consumed during the operation of the preschool educational institution for washing and descaling from the internal surfaces of the equipment does not increase the salt content in the effluent, that is, with the evaporated solution, only that mass of salts that is taken from the source of surface water is removed. With the development and implementation of domestic water desalination technology such as preschool water treatment plants at NPPs, the cost of desalted water produced has become comparable to the cost of chemically desalinated make-up water even without taking into account the prevented environmental damage from the discharge of spent HVO reagents, or, accordingly, without taking into account the costs of processing these discharges.

Unlike chemical water desalination, where it is necessary to carry out frequent regeneration of ion-exchange filters, DOW operates in a continuous automatic mode, like all thermal power equipment of a power plant. The minimum cost of manual labor during operation determines the minimum number of staff.

However, over the years, well-functioning equipment requires constructive improvement. If the basis of the above-mentioned installations were either evaporators with natural or forced circulation or instant boilers, then with the advent of horizontal-tube film evaporators in the evaporation technique and the intensive development of these devices in the 70-80s. of the last century, a new approach to technical solutions was determined, both of the desalination (desalination) plants themselves and of the main equipment included in them. The proof of this is the high inventive activity in these years in the designated field of technology in all the leading countries of the world.

When conducting patent research, the applicant identified the following technical solutions as claimed:

- USSR patent No. 1669468, cl. B01D 1/26, 1989; USSR patent No. 1723704, cl. B01D 1/26, 1990; author testimonial. USSR No. 1442506, class C02P 1/06, B01D 1/04, 1986; author testimonial. USSR No. 1489796, class B01D 1/22, C02F 1/04, 1987;

- Japanese application No. 49-29070, cl. B01D 1/26, 1970; No. 50-35507, cl. B01D 1/26, 1971; No. 51-19425, class B01D 1/26, 1971; No. 52-15068, class B01D 1/26, 1972; No. 52-47741, class B01D 1/26, 1974 (patent equivalent to the application of Great Britain No. 1503741, 1975); No. 32690/71, cl. B01D 1/26 (patent patents on the application of the United Kingdom No. 1377577, 1971 and according to the application of France No. 2137864, 1972); No. 62-35801, cl. B01D 1/26, 1979; No. 4-50041, class B01D 1/26; No. 63-28677, class C02P 1/04, 1981; No. 63-51756, cl. C02P 1/04, 1981; No. 1-41108, C02F 1/06, 1983; No. 1-141109, C02F 1/06, 1983;

- application US No. 186178, CL. B01D 1/26, С02В 1/04, 1971 (patent patents on the application of Great Britain No. 1406631, 1972 and on the application of France No. 2155984, 1972); No. 186179, cl. B01D 1/26, С02В 1/04, 1971 (patent patents on the application of Great Britain No. 1406632, 1972 and on the application of France No. 2155985, 1972); No. 614554, class B01D 1/26, 1984 (patent equivalent to the application of Great Britain No. 2159389, 1985);

- application of Great Britain No. 1452093, cl. B01D 1/26, 1/04, 1/22, 1973;

- applications of Germany No. 3738572, cl. B01D 1/26, 1/26, 1987; No. 2837892, cl. B01D 5/00, 1978;

- application WO No. 20061231414 A1, class C02F 1/04;

When modernizing distillation desalination plants, namely, improving the design of the plants and the main technological equipment included in it, it was necessary to solve the following technical problems.

1. To develop a plant, the main technological devices and service systems of which should ensure high technological, economic and operational efficiency without increasing energy costs, as well as compliance with environmental safety standards.

2. The installation should be compact, but equipped with the necessary and sufficient equipment to convert the source water from a surface water source into a consumer product — high purity demineralized water.

3. Non-standardized technological equipment should be manufactured in such a way as to ensure its transportation by rail and road transport and thereby minimize installation work at the installation site.

Let us consider whether these problems can be solved in objects known from the prior art similar to those claimed.

A known evaporation plant (see Japanese application No. 49-29070, class B01D 1/00, 1970, applicant K.K. Sasakura kikai seisakuse), which is divided inside a single vertical case by parallel partitions 32 into several sections 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d. The sections are horizontal pipe evaporators and heaters. By means of a vacuum device 14 connected to the condenser 3 of the lowest section, a consistent decrease in temperature and pressure is maintained during the transition from the upper section to the lower. The steam generated on the upper section enters the bundle of heat exchange tubes 6 located parallel to the next section. At the same time, the brine collected on the baffle 32, which is the bottom of the upper section, is sprayed from the openings 4 above the heat exchange tubes under its own hydraulic pressure and the difference between the pressures on the upper and lower sections. The sprayed liquid evenly washes these pipes, partially evaporates and condenses the vapor inside the pipes.

A comparative analysis of the features of the Japan invention and signs of the inventive installation identified from the description and graphic representation showed that the solutions have the following similar features: a number of horizontal-tube film evaporators located one above the other and a number of heaters located one above the other, a condenser, a vapor compressor (in the analogue - steam ejector 15), pumps, collectors of the media involved in the process, with horizontal-tube film evaporators from the top to the bottom are interconnected along the evaporated water, during the course of the distillate and the vapor, and the heaters are connected in series from bottom to top during the initial heated water;

It should be noted the compactness of the known installation, but the absence of some design features of the restrictive part and all the features of the distinctive part of the claims of the claimed invention will not solve the above technical problems in the case of using the evaporator to produce demineralized water of the required purity needed to feed the circuits of nuclear power units.

The closest in technical essence is a multi-case evaporator adopted as a prototype of the inventive installation (see Japanese application No. 52-47741, CL B01D 1/26, 1974 and British application No. 1503741, CL B01D 1/26, 1975) .

In accordance with the descriptions and graphic images of the evaporator in the indicated information sources, the known invention has the following features, which coincide with a part of the features of the claimed installation: it contains a number of horizontal-tube film evaporators located one above the other (boilers 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) and a number one above the other brine heaters 21, a vapor compressor (steam ejector 24), pumps, manifolds of media involved in the process, and horizontal-tube film evaporators from the top (7a) to the bottom (7d) are connected in series with each other along the evaporated brine, along the distillate and along the secondary steam, the heaters 21 are sequentially connected from the lower to the upper along the heated brine, the pipe 25 of the output of the heating steam from

the steam compressor (steam ejector 24) connected to the source of heating steam (not shown in the prototype drawing) is connected to the steam inlet pipe of the upper horizontal tube film evaporator, and the secondary steam outlet pipe of the lower horizontal pipe film evaporator is in communication with the receiving chamber of the steam compressor (steam ejector 24).

In addition, there are signs, such as: “In the desalination method of the brine, a vertical evaporator is used, having a body with internal partitions that divide it into sections, where the boilers are located. Under the last boiler, the partition forms a bottom, the space above which serves as a reservoir for brine; in the outlet part of the apparatus there are distilled water chambers that are interconnected in pairs; separators are placed between sections; several nozzles for spraying brine are installed on the horizontal partitions. ” The installation has a cooler 34 associated with distilled water chambers 14a-14d.

The prototype apparatus works as follows. “When the solution vaporizes, the steam released from it in the lower horizontal-tube film evaporator (boiler 7d) with the lowest temperature is discharged through a pipe connecting the secondary steam outlet pipe of this evaporator to the receiving chamber of the vapor compressor (vapor ejector 24), in which the heating medium serves steam (high pressure steam) coming from an external source. The resulting mixture with the highest temperature is fed to the condensation side of the heat exchange tubes of the boiler 7a, while the brine partially evaporates. Steam from the evaporator space of the boiler 7a passes a separator in which it is separated from the liquid and enters the steam supply chamber into the vaporization tubes of the next boiler 7b. The solution that has separated on the separator enters the horizontal partitions and is sprayed onto the evaporator tubes of the boiler 7b with nozzles. ” Further, the process of steam condensation with simultaneous evaporation of the brine is repeated in boilers 7c and 7d. The evaporated solution exits the lower boiler with a temperature of 81 ° C and part of it is returned to the heaters 21 and then sprayed onto the evaporator tubes of the boilers 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d for reuse in the process

desalination, and distillate from chambers 14a-14d enters cooler 34.

The design of the considered prototype plant is more perfect than the design of the analog plant according to Japanese application No. 49-29070, which provides a more efficient desalination process. However, the absence in the known solution of the signs that distinguish the claimed solution from the prototype will not allow to achieve the desired results, which are the goal of the developers of distillation equipment - the authors of the inventive distillation desalination plant to produce highly pure water, used as feed for the circuits of power units of nuclear power plants.

The above technical problems can be solved only by the claimed distillation desalination plant due to its next design.

The distillation desalination plant, as well as the prototype, contains a series of horizontal-tube film evaporators located one above the other and a number of heaters located one above the other, a vapor compressor, pumps, and collectors of the media involved in the process, while the horizontal-tube film evaporators from the upper to the lower are connected in series among themselves along the evaporated water, along the distillate and along the secondary steam, the heaters are connected in series from the lower to the upper along the heated source water, a heating steam outlet pipe from a steam compressor connected to a heating steam source is connected to a steam input pipe of the upper horizontal pipe film evaporator, and a secondary steam output pipe of the lower horizontal pipe film evaporator is in communication with the receiving chamber of the steam compressor.

The inventive installation differs from the prototype in that it is equipped with an additional row of horizontal-tube film evaporators, identical to the main row of horizontal-tube film evaporators in their design and the connections between them, and an additional row of heaters, identical to the main row of heaters in their design in the form shell-and-tube heat exchangers and the connections between them, while the outlet pipe of the heated source water of the upper

the shell-and-tube heater of the main row is connected to the input pipe of the input water of the upper horizontal pipe film evaporator of the main series, the outlet pipe of the evaporated water, distillate and secondary steam of the lower horizontal pipe film evaporator of the main row is connected, respectively, with the input pipe of the evaporated water, distillate and secondary steam the upper horizontal-tube film evaporator of an additional row, the outlet pipe of the heated source water of the upper shell-and-tube is heated For an additional row, it is connected to the input source of the heated source water of the lower shell-and-tube heater of the main row, and through the branch pipe of the distillate outlet, each shell-and-tube heater is connected to the distillate collector, the unit is also equipped with a vacuum deaerator, main and additional condensers, a water ejector unit, and a chemical water treatment unit for a solution of chemical reagents and a metering pump for supplying this solution to the pipeline of filtered water, and U-shaped water locks, connecting in each row of horizontal-tube film evaporators an outlet pipe for evaporating water of an upstream horizontal-tube film evaporator with a branch pipe for introducing evaporated water of a lower horizontal-tube film evaporator, while a branch pipe for outputting a secondary steam of the lower horizontal-tube film evaporator of an additional row is connected to the branch pipe for introducing steam main condenser, while the vacuum deaerator is equipped with a supply pipe filtered from mechanical suspensions water source, a steam supply pipe connected to a secondary steam output pipe from a horizontal pipe film evaporator located above the lower horizontal pipe film evaporator of an additional row, a deaerated source water discharge pipe connected to a source water supply pipe of a lower shell-and-tube heater of an additional series, and steam outlet pipe, an additional condenser, which is a vertical heat exchanger, is equipped with a steam inlet pipe connected to the pipe vacuum deaerator steam outlet, the steam-gas mixture entry conduit, a cooling water supply pipe, the cooling water output pipe coupled to

the cooling water inlet port of the main condenser, the non-condensable gas outlet pipe and the condensate drain pipe, and all the pumps except the pump serving the water ejector unit and the metering pump are equipped with electric motors with frequency regulation of the speed.

In addition to the installation itself, the claimed group of inventions includes parts of the installation - a horizontal-tube film evaporator and condenser, referred to in the first paragraph of the claims as the "main condenser".

When the applicant conducted patent research in relation to a horizontal-tube film evaporator, two known technical solutions were discovered.

One of them is the domestic invention “Film Evaporator” (see ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 1489796, class B01D 1/26, 1985), “containing a housing divided by a vertical partition into two steps, side covers with partitions, an irrigation device, two bundles of horizontal heat exchange tubes fixed in tube sheets, two separators and a steam-jet compressor with a diffuser, while steam pipes are made in the pipe boards, the partitions of the side covers form a channel that communicates the pipe space with "tupeni with the in-tube space of another stage, and the diffuser of the steam-compressor is fixed on the periphery of the steam outlet of one of the tube boards."

Another well-known solution is “Double-action Steam Compression Evaporator”, (see Japan Application No. 4-50041, class B01D 1/26, 1984) is characterized by the following set of features:

"one. In a cylindrical body 1 with flat end walls of a horizontal longitudinally elongated partition 7, the first 8 and second 9 evaporation zones are separated, in which vapor chambers 12, 15 are formed by vertically elongated along the axis of the housing 10, 13 and evaporation chambers 11, 14 are located between them .

Steam and evaporation chambers are connected from below to each other. In the steam chambers there are longitudinal tube bundles 16, 17, above them are devices 26, 27 for distributed sea water supply. Branch pipes 40, 41 for a conclusion of steam from

the steam chambers of the first zone are connected to the collectors of the tube bundle 17 of the second zone, the nozzles for outputting steam from the steam chambers of the second zone are connected to ejectors 46, 48 located parallel to the housing from the outside. On the output side, the ejectors are connected to the collectors of the tube bundle of the first zone.

2. The holes for the output of steam from the steam chambers of the first zone are located near the end walls of the housing. Four holes for the output of steam connected to the manifolds of the tube bundle of the second zone. Each of the four openings for the output of steam from the steam chambers of the second zone, located near the end walls of the housing, is connected to a separate steam ejector. "

Both known apparatuses are two-stage horizontal-tube film evaporators, and in the vapor chambers 12, 15 formed by the blocking device (in the prototype — baffles 7, 10, 13) with bundles of horizontal heat-exchange tubes, the same evaporation process is carried out sequentially, that is, in one and the same temperature.

Similar features of the inventive horizontal pipe film evaporator and known by ed. testimonial. USSR No. 1489796 are:

- a case with end pipe boards (grids) equipped with inlet and outlet pipes for evaporated water;

- along the axis of the casing there is a blocking device forming compartments in the diameter of the casing in which the bundles of horizontal heat-exchange tubes and separators are placed;

- irrigation devices;

- devices for input and output of steam (vapor compressors and steam outlet openings).

Similar features of the claimed and known by the application of Japan No. 4-50041 horizontal pipe film evaporators are:

- a cylindrical body with end walls and end pipe grids equipped with inlet and outlet ports for evaporated water;

- in the Central part of the housing along its axis there is a blocking device forming the central and side compartments across the case (in the prototype, the blocking device is formed by a “horizontal elongated

in the longitudinal direction by a partition 7 "and" vertical partitions 10, 13 elongated along the body axis, which form a common central compartment, consisting of zones 8, 9, 11, 14, and side compartments 12 and 15);

- longitudinal bundles of horizontal heat transfer tubes fixed by the ends in the tube sheets;

- a steam chamber with a steam inlet;

- a distillation chamber with distillate outlet pipes and a steam outlet pipe (in the prototype, distillation chambers / in the drawing there are no positions / are located in the lower part of the cylindrical body and in the central compartment of the evaporator, and the distillate outlet pipe is located in the same place as the distillation chamber in the lower parts of the cylindrical body of the evaporator).

- separation devices;

- irrigation devices in the form of horizontal perforated trays placed above the bundles of horizontal heat transfer tubes (in the prototype, devices for the distributed supply of sea water).

A comparative analysis of the sets of features of the claimed and known horizontal tube film evaporators by the applicant made it possible to identify similar features in them and to conclude that the invention closest in technical essence to the invention in this application is the invention according to Japanese application No. 4-50041, and therefore it is selected as a prototype.

It should be noted that this known solution may well be used for desalination of sea water when there is no need to obtain desalinated water of high purity. However, at facilities such as nuclear power plants, where distillate of a high degree of purity is required to feed power units, this solution cannot be used. The reason is the design flaws, and the most serious of them are the design of the evaporator in the form of two evaporation stages located one under the other, and the unsuccessful mutual arrangement of the structural units in the evaporator. In both steps, the indicated arrangement of the bundle of horizontal heat exchange tubes and devices for separating the generated steam will cause the following negative phenomenon. From bundles of heat transfer tubes located in the central part of the evaporator body

at the same time two products come out: steam from the annulus and water into which the steam in the tubes is converted, giving off heat to the water in the annulus. The steam first moves down, and then, leaving the annular space of the tube bundle, obeying the natural property, moves from bottom to top to the separation devices of the steps located in the side compartments, capturing water particles from the water coming from the pipes to the irrigation devices of the lower stage, and from the water layer, accumulating at the bottom of the hull. These circumstances worsen the separation of steam from water and can lead to "flooding" of the separation devices due to the high humidity of the steam. In addition, to ensure the operation of the second stage, it is necessary to make pipes by-pass outside the evaporator to supply steam and water to the next stage of the evaporator, since steam and water must be supplied to the lower stage from the opposite side than they were supplied to the upper stage, i.e. the design of the evaporator is complicated , which increases the loss of the usable temperature difference due to resistance. And when there are more than two such evaporators in the vertical row of the distillation plant, and if there are not one vertical rows in the plant, both installation and operation of the plant are difficult, the capital costs increase, and the losses of the useful temperature difference increase.

Equally important is the location in the evaporator of bundles of horizontal heat transfer tubes. In the actual operating conditions of the evaporators, natural water is used as the source water, in which both organic and inorganic impurities are present. Of course, before distillation desalination, the source water is purified from mechanical impurities, for example by filtration. But in the water there are also dissolved salts, which during thermal distillation can settle on the heat exchanger tubes in the form of scale, impairing the heat transfer in evaporators and heaters. Therefore, operational visual monitoring of the condition of the outer surfaces of the tubes is necessary in order to ensure conditions of minimal scale formation. In the prototype evaporator, this is not possible, since the tube bundle is closed with

sides with separation devices, and therefore only opening the device will show a real picture of the condition of the tubes.

These disadvantages are eliminated in the inventive horizontal tube film evaporator due to the improvement of its design.

The horizontal-tube film evaporator, as well as the prototype, contains a cylindrical body equipped with water inlet and outlet nozzles with end tube sheets, in the central part of which along the axis there is a blocking device forming central and side compartments across the body, longitudinal bundles of horizontal heat exchange tubes, fixed by ends in tube sheets, a steam chamber with a steam inlet pipe and a distillation chamber with distillate inlet and outlet pipes and a discharge pipe ara, separation device and irrigation device in the form of perforated horizontal trays arranged above the horizontal beams of the heat exchange tubes.

The horizontal-tube film evaporator differs from the prototype in that the steam and distillation chambers are located at the ends of the body and are fixed to the tube sheets, the steam chamber is equipped with a box cut into the end pipe grid to communicate the open opening of the box with the central compartment, and a pipe is installed at the bottom of the box the output of the secondary steam, and the partitioning device is made in the form of two gutters, rigidly connected to the tube sheets and placed on both sides of the housing axis, the side compartments being m Between the wall of the cylindrical body and each of the gutters, where longitudinal bundles of horizontal tubes are placed, and the central compartment is formed between the gutters, and separation devices are connected to it, connected to the upper edges of the vertical walls of the gutters closest to the casing axis, while the second vertical walls of the gutters are connected between each other with a sheet with a gap to the wall of the cylindrical body, and slotted holes are made at the end sections of the inlet portions of the evaporated water located horizontally above the irrigation devices cramps, and outlets plugged nozzles.

In addition, in accordance with paragraph 3 of the utility model formula, a horizontal pipe

the film evaporator can be equipped with baffles placed in a cylindrical body between the end tube sheets at equal intervals between each other, and according to claim 4 of the utility model, the cylindrical body is equipped with viewing windows located at the level of the horizontal heat-exchange tube bundle.

With regard to the third object of patent protection in this application - the capacitor, it should be said that in the inventive installation, there are two capacitors - the main and the additional. But the claimed capacitor group as the object of patent protection includes the main capacitor, since it was it that was reconstructed by the authors of the utility model group according to the present application. Such a reconstruction of the capacitor is justified by the following. It is known that the condenser performs not only the function of condensing the secondary vapor formed during the evaporation in horizontal pipe film evaporators, but also the function of creating a vacuum in the evaporators together with a vacuum pump. Thus, the improved main condenser provides an optimal vacuum mode in the horizontal-tube film evaporators of the inventive installation due to the condensation of the residual secondary vapor.

According to the method of cooling steam, the inventive condenser is a surface condenser. The choice of the type of the claimed main condenser is justified by the fact that in surface condensers the heat from the condensing steam is taken away by water through the wall, which causes the condensate to be obtained in its pure form.

Traditionally in evaporation practice, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is used as a surface condenser. The authors of utility models for this application have not departed from this tradition. The conducted patent studies have confirmed the validity of this approach (see the application of Germany No. 2837892, class B01D 5/00, 1980; the application of Germany No. 3520634, class B01D 5/00, 1985; German patent No. 293271, class B01D 5/00, 1991; application of Great Britain No. 2183167, class B01D 5/00, 1987; Prince Averbukh YD, Zaostrovsky FP, Matusevich LN "Processes and Apparatuses of Chemical Technology", part 2, published by Uralsky Polytechnic Institute named after S.M. Kirov, p. 36).

As a prototype of the inventive condenser, we consider a shell-and-tube heat exchanger known from the aforementioned book (p. 36), comprising a vertical cylindrical body with a bundle of heat-exchange tubes mounted in it, fixed in tube sheets, upper and lower water chambers, steam inlet pipes, inlet and outlet pipes cooling water, branch pipe for non-condensable gases, condensate branch pipe.

However, the use of the prototype condenser in the inventive installation is ineffective for the following reason: the cross-section of the apparatus is constant in height, and the apparatus does not provide a solution for maintaining the input steam velocity throughout the depth of the heat-exchange tube bundle. Therefore, the occurring decrease in the steam velocity in the condenser will entail a decrease in heat transfer coefficients, that is, a decrease in thermal efficiency. The task of maintaining a constant high speed of the steam in the condenser over the entire depth and height of the bundle of heat exchange tubes was solved in the condenser claimed as part of a group of utility models.

The condenser, like the prototype, contains a vertical casing with a bundle of vertical heat exchange tubes mounted in the tube sheets, upper and lower water chambers, a steam inlet pipe, cooling water inlet and outlet pipes, a condensate drain pipe, and a non-condensable gas pipe.

The capacitor differs from the prototype in that the capacitor housing is made of two opposite walls, interconnected by two semicircular walls of different diameters, while a vertical perforated plate is installed between the joints of the flat walls with the smaller of the semicircular walls.

Utility models in the claimed group meet the criteria of patentability.

They are new, since they are not known from the prior art, that is, the applicant has not identified technical solutions characterized by the same sets of features, as evidenced by the above analysis of known devices similar to each object individually from the claimed group.

The inventive distillation desalination plant, horizontal pipe

film evaporator and condenser are industrially applicable, as they can be used in industry and health. Utility models as a whole and their individual design features are feasible and reproducible; nothing in the proposed technical solutions does not contradict or interfere with their use in industrial production with the achievement of the expected technical results indicated above in the present description. When implementing utility models for independent clauses 1, 2, 5 with the involvement of dependent clauses 3 and 4, the most optimal conditions are created for the successful implementation of the distillation desalination process.

Confirmation of patentability - the following descriptions of the specific implementation of the claimed objects of patent protection and the implementation of the process of distillative desalination of natural (surface) waters using the claimed group of utility models to produce highly pure water sent to the power plant circuits.

In the drawings, a graphical illustration of the claimed group of utility models. FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a distillation desalination plant; FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of the installation; FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a horizontal tube film evaporator; FIG. 4 - section A-A of a horizontal-tube film evaporator, FIG. 5 is a section B-B of a horizontal-tube film evaporator, FIG. 6 is a general view of the condenser, and FIG. 7 is a section along BB of the main condenser.

Arrows the course of evaporated water is indicated by arrows the course of water vapor, arrows distillate stroke, arrows the course of non-condensable gases.

The distillation desalination plant (see Fig. 1) contains a series of horizontal-tube film evaporators located one above the other, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and a number of horizontal heaters 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 located one above the other, a vapor compressor 11, pumps, manifolds of process media.

The horizontal tube film evaporators 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 have steam chambers 12 and distillation chambers 13. The steam chamber 12 of the evaporator 1 is equipped with a heating steam inlet pipe 14, to which a pipe 15 is connected

the output of heating steam from a vapor compressor 11 connected to a source of heating steam (not shown in the drawing), and the steam chambers 12 of horizontal-tube film evaporators 2, 3, 4, 5 are equipped with nozzles 14 for introducing secondary steam connected to nozzles 16 for outputting secondary steam above evaporators, providing a sequence of connecting evaporators 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 along the secondary steam from top to bottom, while the pipe 16 for outputting the secondary steam of the evaporator 5 is connected to the pipe 17 for introducing the secondary steam into the receiving chamber 18 of the vapor compressor 11. The connection of the nozzles 19 of the output of the distillate from the distillation chambers 13 of each of the evaporators 1, 2, 3, 4 with the nozzles 20 of the introduction of the distillate into the chambers 13 of the downstream evaporators 2, 3, 4, 5 ensures the sequence of connection of the evaporators 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 along the distillate from top to bottom. The sequence of connecting the evaporators 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 to each other along the evaporated water from top to bottom ensures the connection of the nozzles 21 for the input of the evaporated water of the evaporators 2, 3, 4, 5 with the nozzles 22 for the output of the evaporated water of the above evaporators, respectively, 1, 2, 3, 4.

The shell-and-tube heaters 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 are connected in series with each other along the heated source water from the lower 10 to the upper 6 due to the connection of the outlet pipe 23 for the output of the heated source water from the heaters 10, 9, 8, 7 with the source water input pipe 24 of each the upstream shell-and-tube heater, respectively, 9, 8, 7, 6, while the pipe 23 for outputting the heated source water of the shell-and-tube heater 6 is connected to the pipe 21 for introducing evaporated water of the evaporator 1. Each heater 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 is equipped with a pipe Ohm, steam input 25 connected to the pipe 26 of the steam output from the distillation chambers 13, respectively, of the horizontal-tube film evaporators 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and through the pipe 27 of the distillate outlet, each heater 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 connected to a distillate collector 28.

The installation is equipped with an additional row of horizontal-tube film evaporators 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, identical to the main row of horizontal-tube film evaporators 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in their design and

by the connections between them and the additional row of shell-and-tube heaters 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, identical to the main row of shell-and-tube heaters 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. This means that the number of evaporators in the additional row is equal to the number of evaporators in the main row , they have the same designs, and the connections between the evaporators in the additional row are the same as the connections between the evaporators in the main row. The number of shell and tube heaters in the main and additional rows are equal, the design of shell and tube heaters 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 are the same. The connections between the heaters in both rows are the same. The same connections that are present between the evaporators 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the main row and the heaters 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the main row exist between the evaporators 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 and the heaters 34, 35 , 36, 37, 38 additional rows.

Horizontal-tube film evaporators 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 have steam chambers 12 and distillation chambers 13. Steam chambers 12 of evaporators 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 are equipped with nozzles 14 for introducing secondary steam connected to nozzles 16 for outputting secondary steam upstream evaporators, providing the sequence of connection of the evaporators 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 along the secondary steam from top to bottom. The connection of the nozzles 19 for outputting the distillate from the distillation chambers 13 of the evaporators 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 with the nozzles 20 for introducing the distillate into the distillation chambers 13 of the downstream evaporators provides a sequence of connecting the evaporators 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 along the distillate from top to bottom. The sequence of connecting the evaporators 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 along the evaporated water from top to bottom is provided by connecting the pipe 22 for the output of the evaporated water of the upstream evaporator with the pipe 21 for the input of the evaporated water of the downstream evaporator.

The shell-and-tube heaters 38, 37, 36, 35, 34 are connected in series along the heated source water from bottom to top by connecting the pipe 23 of the outlet of the heated source water of the downstream shell-and-tube heater to the pipe 24 of the input of the heated source water of the upstream shell-and-tube heater, and the pipe 23 of the outlet of the heated source water of the upper shell and tube heater 34 additional row

connected to the pipe 24 for inputting the heated source water of the lower shell-and-tube heater 10 of the main row. Each heater 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 is equipped with a steam inlet pipe 25 connected to a steam outlet pipe 26 from the distillation chamber 13 of the horizontal tube film evaporators 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, and each heater through the distillate outlet pipe 27 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 connected to a distillate collector 39. To ensure the successful operation of the installation as a whole, the following is provided:

- a pipe 22 for the output of evaporated water of a horizontal tube film evaporator 5 of the main row is connected through a collector 40 with a pipe 21 for input of evaporated water of a horizontal pipe film evaporator 29 of an additional row;

- the pipe 19 of the output of the distillate of the horizontal pipe film evaporator 5 of the main row is connected through a collector 28 to the pipe 41 of the input of the distillate of the distillation chamber 13 of the horizontal pipe film evaporator 29 of the additional series;

- the pipe 16 of the output of the secondary steam of the horizontal pipe film evaporator 5 of the main row is connected through the collector 42 to the pipe 14 of the input of the secondary steam of the steam chamber 12 of the horizontal pipe film evaporator 29 of the additional series.

The installation is also equipped with a vacuum deaerator 43, the main 44 and an additional 45 condensers, a water ejector unit 46, a chemical water treatment unit, consisting of a tank 47 for a solution of chemical reagents and a metering pump 48 for supplying chemical reagents to the pipeline 49 of filtered source water, and U-shaped hydraulic locks 50 (see figure 2). The latter are connected in both rows of horizontal-tube film evaporators to the nozzle 22 of the evaporator 1 with the nozzle 21 of the evaporator 2, the nozzle 22 of the evaporator 2 with the nozzle 21 of the evaporator 3, the nozzle 22 of the evaporator 3 with the nozzle 21 of the evaporator 4, the nozzle 22 of the evaporator 4 with the nozzle 21 of the evaporator 5, the nozzle 22 of the evaporator 29 with the nozzle 21 of the evaporator 30, the nozzle 22 of the evaporator 30 with the nozzle 21 of the evaporator

31, the nozzle 22 of the evaporator 31 with the nozzle 21 of the evaporator 32, the nozzle 22 of the evaporator 32 with the nozzle 21 of the evaporator 33.

The pipe 16 of the output of the secondary steam from the horizontal tube film evaporator 32 through the collector 51 is connected to the pipe 52 of the steam supply of the vacuum deaerator 43, and the pipe 16 of the output of the secondary steam of the horizontal pipe film evaporator 33 through the collector 53 is connected to the pipe 54 of the input of the secondary steam of the main condenser 44 .

The vacuum deaerator 43 is equipped with a pipe 55 for supplying filtered source water from mechanical suspensions, connected to a pipe 49, a pipe 56 for removing the deaerated source water, connected through a collector 57 to a pipe 24 for inputting water from a shell-and-tube heater 38 of an additional row, and a pipe 58 for outputting a secondary steam with a pipe 59 for introducing a pair of additional capacitor 45.

The additional condenser 45, which is a vertical heat exchanger, is equipped with a pipe 60 for removing non-condensable gases, a pipe 61 for removing condensate, a pipe 62 for supplying cooling water and a pipe 63 for outputting cooling water connected to the pipe 64 for entering cooling water of the main condenser 44, and the annular space of the additional condenser 45 communicated with the pipe 65 removal of non-condensable gases of the main capacitor 44.

The water ejector unit 46 is equipped with a nozzle 66 for introducing non-condensable gases connected to a nozzle 60 for removing non-condensable gases of an additional condenser 45, and a nozzle 67 for removing non-condensable gases.

The installation is equipped with tank equipment: for receiving distillate, receiving evaporated water, for preparing solutions of chemicals, and for pumping appropriate media from tanks, the installation contains pumps. So for pumping one stripped off water from a tank 68, receiving one stripped off water from a horizontal-tube film evaporator 5, and pumping it into a horizontal-tube film evaporator 29, a pump 69 is intended, and for pumping one-off water from a tank 70, receiving it from a horizontal-pipe film evaporator 33,

pump 71 is designed. To receive the distillate from the distillation chamber 13 of the evaporator 5 and from the collector 28, a tank 72, and to pump the distillate from it to the distillation chamber 13 of the evaporator 29, the pump 73 is designed. To receive the finished product - the distillate from the distillation chamber 13 of the evaporator 33 - tank 74 and pump 75 for pumping out of it. Tank 76 receives contaminated distillate from the bottom heater 38 of an additional row, for removal of which there is a pump 77. Pump 78 is designed to pump water from the deaerator 43 to the bottom heater 38 spruce row. The pump 79 is necessary for the circulation of water through the water ejector unit 46, which in the operating mode of the installation acts as a vacuum pump. A metering pump 49 is designed for dosed supply of chemicals from the tank 47 to the pipeline 48 for filtered source water. All pumps 69, 71, 73, 75, 77 and 78, except for the pump 79 serving the water ejector unit 46, and the metering pump 48, are equipped electric motors with frequency regulation of the number of revolutions, which reduces the amount of electricity consumed.

The second useful model in the claimed group and part of a distillation desalination plant is a horizontal tube film evaporator, which, in accordance with FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, contains cylindrical inlet and outlet pipes 21 and 22, respectively, of cylindrical case 80 with end tube sheets 81 and 82, in the central part of which along the axis there is a blocking device forming in the diameter of case 80 central 83 and side compartments 84, longitudinal bundles 85 of horizontal heat exchange pipes the side fixed by the ends in the tube sheets 81 and 82, a steam chamber 12 with a steam inlet pipe 14 and a distillation chamber 13 with a distillate inlet pipe 20, a distillate outlet pipe 19 and a steam outlet pipe 26, separation devices 86, irrigation devices 87 in the form of horizontal perforated pallets placed above the bundles of 85 horizontal heat transfer tubes, while the steam 12 and distillation 13 chambers are located at the ends of the housing 80 and are mounted on tube sheets: the steam chamber 12 is on the lattice 81, the distillation chamber 13 is n grate 82. Steam chamber 12 is provided with a duct

88 embedded in the end tube sheet 81 for communicating the open opening of the duct 88 with the central compartment 83, and a secondary steam outlet pipe 16 is installed in the bottom of the duct 88. The partitioning device is made in the form of two grooves 89, rigidly connected to the tube sheets 81 and 82 and placed on both sides of the axis of the housing 80, and the side compartments 84 are formed between the wall of the cylindrical housing 80 and each of the grooves 89, where longitudinal beams 85 of horizontal heat exchangers are located tubes. The central compartment 83 is formed between the grooves 89, and there are placed separation devices 86 made in the form of louvre droplet eliminators and connected to the upper edges of the vertical walls 90 of the grooves 89 closest to the housing axis 80, while the second vertical walls 91 of the grooves 89 are interconnected by a sheet 92 with a gap to the wall of the cylindrical body 80. On the end sections of the nozzles 21 for inputting evaporated water horizontally located above the irrigation devices 87, slotted slots 93 are made, and the outlet openings of the nozzles 21 are plugged s.

The horizontal-tube film evaporator can be equipped with baffles 94 located in a cylindrical body 80 between the end grids 81 and 82 with equal intervals between them in order to ensure uniform supply of steam to the separation devices 86 along the entire length of the central compartment 83, as well as to prevent vibrations and improving the reliability of the heat exchanger tube bundle.

To monitor the ongoing process in the evaporator and to quickly monitor the surface condition of the horizontal heat transfer tubes, the cylindrical body 80 is provided with viewing windows 95 located at the level of the bundle 85 of horizontal heat transfer tubes.

The third useful model in the claimed group and part of the claimed distillation desalination plant is a condenser 44, which, in accordance with FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, contains a vertical housing 96 with a bundle 97 of vertical heat transfer tubes, upper 98 and lower 99 water chambers, a pipe 54 steam inlet, cooling water inlet pipe 64,

a pipe 100 for discharging cooling water, a pipe 65 for removing non-condensable gases, a pipe 101 for draining the condensate.

The vertical casing 96 is made (see Fig.6) of two opposite flat walls 102, interconnected by two semicircular walls 103 and 104 of different diameters, while a vertical perforated plate 106 is installed between the joints 105 of both flat walls 102 with a smaller semicircular wall 104. The condenser 44 has a steam inlet channel 107 and a gas outlet channel 108. In the water chambers 98 and 99, vertical partitions 109 are installed so that the apparatus is multi-pass, thereby ensuring the optimal (same) speed of water flow into the pipes kach and compact design.

The following description of the operation of the inventive installation, horizontal-tube film evaporators and condenser (the main one in the installation) in the steady-state mode of distillation desalination confirms that these utility models are connected by a single inventive concept, since the advantages of the installation as a whole will be impossible without the advantages of its main parts .

The technological process for obtaining demineralized water (distillate) is carried out thermally. Cooling water from a source, for example, from a reservoir, is supplied through a main pipe through a pipe 62 to an additional condenser 45, water leaves it through a pipe 63 and then through a pipe 64 it enters the main condenser 44. Heated in it to 36 ° C (maximum temperature) water from the condenser 44 is sent for filtration from mechanical suspensions in mechanical filters (not shown in the drawings). After filtration, water as a source for distillation is returned to the installation. Through a pipe 49 through a pipe 55, water is supplied to a vacuum deaerator 43, where dissolved corrosive gases (oxygen, free carbon dioxide) are removed from the water. The deaeration process is carried out by contact heating of water to a temperature close to the saturation temperature corresponding to the pressure in the deaerator, with secondary steam leaving the pipe 16 from the horizontal tube film evaporator 32 and supplied to the pipe 52 of the deaerator 43. Part

non-condensed steam in the deaerator 43 together with the released gases is removed through the pipe 58 and introduced through the pipe 59 into the additional condenser 45. The deaerated water from the deaerator 43 is discharged through the pipe 56 through pipe 57 and pumped through the pipe 78 through the pipe 24 into the lower shell-and-tube heater 38 of the additional a number of heaters, and from it - into shell-and-tube heaters from 37 to 6, connected sequentially along the source water heated by pipes 23 and 24, heating tube-shell heaters Lei 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, along which the source water moves, is carried out with steam removed through the pipe 26 of the distillation chambers 13 of the horizontal-tube film evaporators, respectively, 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, and fed through the nozzles 25 into the annulus of the shell and tube heaters, respectively, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38.

Heated sequentially in shell-and-tube heaters 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6 of the additional and main rows, the source (now evaporated) water is supplied through the pipe 21 to the upper horizontal-tube film evaporator 1, namely , in the lateral compartments 84, where the irrigation devices 87 are arranged in the form of horizontal perforated pallets and below them are longitudinal bundles 85 of horizontal heat transfer tubes. To ensure irrigation of the entire surface of the heat transfer tubes of the beam 85, it is necessary that the nozzles 21 have at least two above each beam 85. Evaporated water leaving the slotted slots in the end sections of the nozzles 21 fills the horizontal perforated trays 87 located above the longitudinal beams 85, while water jets from the slotted ones slots, turbulent the water layer on pallets 87, which eliminates the clogging of the holes of the perforated pallets 87. The boiled water forms a retaining layer on the pallets 87, under the pressure of which it expires truyami the upper horizontal row of heat exchange tubes, spreads thereon to form a liquid film which remains on all the downstream rows of heat exchange tubes: Each horizontal row of tubes is irrigator for downstream horizontal row.

At the same time, from the pipe 15 of the vapor compressor 11 into the pipe 14 of the horizontal pipe film evaporator 1, heating steam is introduced, which is a mixture of working steam from the source generating this steam and secondary steam from the horizontal pipe film evaporator 5. Coming out from the supersonic speed from the nozzle of the receiving chamber 18 of the vapor compressor 11, the jet of working steam injects secondary steam from the horizontal tube film evaporator 5, the pipe 16 of which is connected to the pipe 17 of the receiving chamber 18 of the vapor compressor 11. in parokompressore mode parameters to a mixture of motive steam and said secondary steam through the pipe 14 enters as heating steam in the steam chamber 12 of horizontal tubular film evaporator 1 (see FIG. 3, 4 and 5).

By securing the steam chamber 12 and the ends of the horizontal heat transfer tubes of both longitudinal beams 85 in the same end tube sheet 81, steam from the steam chamber 12 enters the heat transfer tubes. When heat is transferred through the walls of the tubes from the heating steam to evaporated water flowing on the outer surface of the heat exchange tubes in the form of a thin film, two processes simultaneously occur: steam condensation in the tubes and partial evaporation of the evaporated water on the tubes. Secondary steam formed in the annular space of a horizontal-tube film evaporator 1 and evaporated water first move downwardly in the lateral compartments 84, then, at the place where the spherical part of the grooves 89 is located, the steam and evaporated water flows separately: the steam goes around the groove 89 of the partitioning device , is separated from the evaporated water, rotated by 180 ° C and enters the central compartment 83 between the vertical walls 90 of the grooves 89, directing it to the separation device 86, and the water under the action of inertia gravitational forces, continuing the downward movement is going to the bottom of the casing 80 horizontal tubular film evaporator 1.

Due to the fact that at the top the central compartment 83 is closed by a sheet 92 connected to the vertical walls 91, the steam leaves the evaporator 1 through the free space above the separation devices 86 and inside the grooves 89. Next, the steam enters through an open hole into the pipe lattice 81 and

communicated with the Central compartment 83 box 88, which is equipped with a steam chamber 12 of the horizontal tube film evaporator 1. Through the pipe 16, installed in the bottom of the box 88, and connected to it pipe 14 of the horizontal tube film evaporator 2 pairs as a secondary enters its steam camera 12.

The evaporated water and the droplets of evaporated water separated from the steam in the separation device 86 are collected at the bottom of the cylindrical body 80 and are discharged by a pipe 22 from the horizontal tube film evaporator 1. And then the evaporated water passes through an external hydraulic lock 50 (see Fig. 2) connecting the pipe 22 of the evaporator 1 with a pipe 21 located below the horizontal pipe film evaporator 2, and is sprayed with slotted slots of the pipe 21 onto the irrigation devices 87 of the evaporator 2.

Condensate of heating steam and non-condensed steam from the heat exchange tubes of the longitudinal beam 85 of the horizontal-tube film evaporator 1 is discharged into the distillation chamber 13, from which steam is discharged through the pipe 26 and through the pipe 25 enters the annular space of the shell-and-tube heater 6 for heating the source water passing in its tubes . In this case, the condensate of the heating steam from the distillation chamber 13 of the horizontal tube film evaporator 1 is passed through the nozzles 19 and 20 into the distillation chamber 13 of the horizontal tube film evaporator 2.

The processes of irrigation of longitudinal bundles of 85 horizontal heat transfer tubes, heating and partial evaporation of evaporated water, steam distillation, input and removal of the involved process media in a horizontal-tube film evaporator 1, are completely repeated in a horizontal-tube film evaporator 2 and so on to a horizontal-tube film of the evaporator 5, as well as in the horizontal tube film evaporators of an additional series - from the horizontal tube film evaporator 29 to the horizontal tube Night of the evaporator 33.

Partially evaporated water from a horizontal-tube film evaporator 5 is gravity drained into a tank 68, from which it is pumped out by a pump 69 through a nozzle 21 onto perforated trays (irrigation devices 85) of a horizontal-tube

a film evaporator 29. From the last horizontal-tube film evaporator 33, water evaporated to a predetermined concentration through a nozzle 22 is discharged into a tank 70, from which it is pumped into the discharge manifold by a pump 71 (not shown in the drawing).

The secondary steam generated in the horizontal-tube film evaporator 5 and exiting through the pipe 22 is divided into two streams: one, as described previously, is injected into the receiving chamber 18 of the vapor compressor 11 as an additive to the working chamber, and the second stream is supplied as a heating steam in the pipe 14 of the steam chamber 12 of the horizontal tube film evaporator 29 for introducing into the horizontal heat exchange tubes of the longitudinal beam 85.

The distillate from the distillation chamber 13 of the horizontal-tube film evaporator 5 is led through the pipe 19 to the tank 72. The distillate from the collector 28 is introduced into the same tank 72, into which the distillate comes from the annular space of the shell-and-tube heaters 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 through the pipes 27. With a pump 73, the distillate is pumped out of the tank 72 through the pipe 41 into the distillation chamber 13 of the horizontal tube film evaporator 29. The distillate collected from all the distillation chambers 13 of all horizontal tube film evaporators 29, 30, 30, 32, 33 is additional of the first row, through the pipe 19 of the lower evaporator 33 fill the tank 74. The distillate from the collector 39 is poured into it, into which the distillate is collected from the annular space of the shell-and-tube heaters 34, 35, 36, 37, 38.

The resulting distillate is a ready-to-eat product.

In order to ensure the required quality of the distillate (demineralized water) generated by the installation, which may be impaired due to leaks in milling pipe joints in shell and tube heaters, distillate is removed from any of them to the tank of “contaminated” distillate (not shown in the drawing).

Secondary steam emerging from the nozzle 16 of the lower horizontal-tube film evaporator 33 of an additional row is sent for condensation to the main condenser 44. The steam through the nozzle 54 enters the vapor reception channel 107, is distributed along this channel along the height of the tube bundle, and then moving to

annulus of the condenser 44 in the transverse direction from the steam inlet channel 107 to the gas outlet channel 108, flows around the pipes and condenses on them. In order for the condensation of steam to occur in the tube bundle 97, cooling water enters from the lower water chamber 99, where cooling water enters from the additional condenser 45 through interconnected nozzles 63 and 64. Using vertical baffles 109 located in the water chambers 99 and 98, cooling water passes many times through the tube bundle, thereby achieving the most complete condensation of the secondary steam entering the condenser 44. The condensate is removed from the condenser 44 through the pipe 101. The quality of the condensate obtained is checked for suitability for use with the production distillate in the circuits of the power units. In the case of increased salinity, condensate can be used, for example, to feed heating systems.

Cooling water is removed from the lower water chamber 99 of the condenser 44 through the nozzle 100. The remaining non-condensing secondary steam together with non-condensing gases pass through a vertical perforated plate 106, providing a uniform vapor load along the height of the tube bundle 97, into the channel 108. From the gas-out channel 108, non-condensable gases with residual steam through the pipe 65 is discharged into the annulus of the additional capacitor 45.

When developing the design of the main condenser 44 (see Fig. 5), traditionally made in the form of a vertical surface multi-pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger, we were guided by the principles of its rational design, the main of which are: the exclusion of stagnant zones with a high content of non-condensable gases in the annulus; maintaining a sufficiently high steam speed throughout the entire annulus from the inlet through the pipe 54 to the exit of the gas mixture in the pipe 65; the supply of cooling water through the pipe 64 to the tubes located in the zone where the condensation of the secondary steam is already ending and the highest content of non-condensable gases is available; cooling water outlet through pipes closest to the steam inlet

the annulus of the condenser 44. The implementation of the above principles was possible due to the creation of the inventive design of the capacitor 44. Located in the housing 96, the shape of which in cross section is close to the shape of the trapezoid, the tube bundle 97 repeats this shape, with the larger base of the trapezoid facing the incoming pair, and narrowing of the trapezoid goes in the direction of steam movement, which creates the conditions for equality of a given steam speed throughout the depth and height of the tube bundle 97, and the shapes and sizes of half corner walls 103 and 104, as well as a vertical perforated plate 106 create optimal conditions for the distribution of media in the condenser: vapor-gas mixture in the vapor reception chamber 107 and non-condensable gases in the gas outlet chamber 108.

In addition to non-condensable gases with vapor residues from the condenser 44, steam from the deaerator 43 enters the annulus of the additional condenser 45 through interconnected pipes 58 and 59 with non-condensable gases released in the deaerator 43. In an additional condenser, 45 steam with non-condensable gases condenses on the surface of the heat exchange tubes supplied to them through the pipe 62 by the source of cooling water. During steam condensation, non-condensable gases are removed from the condenser 45 through the pipe 60 to the pipe 66 of the water ejector unit 46, from which the non-condensable gases are then released into the atmosphere.

And the cooling water (starting from the reservoir) from the additional condenser 45 through the connected nozzles 63 and 64 is sent to the condenser 44 for heating to a temperature of 36 C. From this moment, a new cycle of the distillation desalination process begins.

In the process of thermal desalination of water from natural sources on the heat-exchanging surfaces of the equipment, alkaline scale formation is possible, which leads to a deterioration in heat transfer and, consequently, to a decrease in plant performance. In this regard, in the inventive installation, a reduction in the scale formation intensity to an acceptable level is provided by a chemical water treatment unit consisting of a tank 47 for a solution of chemical reagents in a filtered water pipe 49. The composition and concentration of chemical solutions

determined depending on the type of desalted water.

The essence of the protection of heat-exchange equipment from scale deposits is to dispense into the initial water that comes through pipeline 49 for desalination after cleaning, for example, on mechanical filters, small amounts of decalcifiers (polyelectrolytes), which are resistant to hydrolysis. Antiscalines block the growth of microcrystals arising from supersaturation.

The liquid concentrated decalcifier is poured into the tank 47, water or distillate is pre-fed there, and the mixture is mixed together, adjusted to a predetermined concentration, after which the decalcification solution 79 is dispensed through line 49 into the deaerator 43. The decalcifier introduced in one cycle passes with the evaporated water all the way to the distillation plant. The introduction of anti-scale in the source water does not completely exclude scale deposits on the heat-exchange surfaces of the equipment, but it slows down the rate of its formation many times, therefore, during the operation of the installation, periodic chemical washing of the heat-exchange equipment from scale is provided.

The inventive distillation desalination plant has technical and economic advantages in comparison with the world-famous installations operating in industrial production for the same purpose. In providing these advantages, a part of the distillation unit declared as utility models — the horizontal tube film evaporator and condenser — plays a large role.

The main part of the installation is made up of horizontal-tube film evaporators and shell-and-tube heaters, which was a prerequisite for creating the designs of these devices and their functional connections according to the modular principle. Such a constructive solution of evaporators and heaters simplifies the overall installation of the installation, facilitates the process of restoring its operability by replacing failed modules with new ones and its operation.

The technological equipment of the claimed installation is technologically advanced for manufacturing at engineering plants, is available for complete factory assembly and for subsequent transportation by rail and road

transport, which ensures a minimum amount of installation work during the construction of the installation at the customer.

The listed advantages are deprived of all the previously mentioned well-known technical solutions, which are analogues and prototypes of patent protection objects of this application.

The inventive installation is compact (see figure 2). The equipment of the preschool educational institution is convenient in operation, since the installation operates in a continuous stationary automated mode, like all equipment of nuclear power plants. DOE organically fits into the engineering heat and power structure of nuclear power plants: the installation’s consumption of resources for cooling water, reagents and auxiliary materials is two orders of magnitude lower than for the NPP as a whole, and for electricity, steam and cooling water by 3-4 orders of magnitude. The economics of desalination using DOW are almost the same as those for the most advanced ion-exchange and membrane desalination systems.

In the case of applying the latter methods to obtain the quality of demineralized water that meets the standards of nuclear power plants, a deep pretreatment of the source water from suspensions is necessary, for example, coagulation with two-stage mechanical filtration with ultrafiltration, which is caused by excessive sensitivity of the membranes to suspensions (pure tap water, for example, for them “Dirty”); during operation, waste (waste membranes and filter elements), environmentally harmful preservation solutions of substances are formed. Full dependence on foreign membrane suppliers is predetermined, since domestic membranes are of poor quality, while the service life of the supplied membranes is approximately 5 years, and, therefore, this period determines the operational performance of reverse osmosis plants, since it is necessary to periodically purchase a new set of membranes. Compared to the DOW, a larger staffing staff is required to service such installations.

From the above description it follows that the claimed distillation desalination plant, horizontal pipe film evaporator and condenser determine the high technological, economic and operational efficiency

production of highly pure water for replenishing the power plant circuits of nuclear power plants in compliance with environmental safety.

Claims (5)

1. A distillation desalination plant comprising a series of horizontal-tube film evaporators located one above the other and a series of heaters located one above the other, a vapor compressor, pumps, and collectors of the media involved in the process, while the horizontal-tube film evaporators from the upper to the lower are connected in series along the evaporated water, along the distillate and along the secondary steam, the heaters are connected in series from the lower to the upper along the heated source water, pat the outlet side of the heating steam from the steam compressor connected to the source of the heating steam is connected to the steam inlet pipe of the upper horizontal-tube film evaporator, and the secondary steam outlet pipe of the lower horizontal-tube film evaporator is in communication with the receiving chamber of the steam compressor, characterized in that the installation is provided with an additional row of horizontally tube film evaporators, identical to the main series of horizontal tube film evaporators in their design and the connections between them, an additional series of heaters that are identical to the main series of heaters in their design in the form of shell-and-tube heat exchangers and the connections between them, while the outlet pipe for heated source water of the upper shell-and-tube heater of the main row is connected to the input port of the source water of the upper horizontal pipe film evaporator of the main row, the outlet pipe evaporated water, distillate, and secondary steam of the lower horizontal-tube film evaporator of the main row are connected respectively indirectly with the inlet portions of the evaporated water, distillate and secondary steam of the upper horizontal pipe film evaporator of the additional row, the outlet port of the heated source water of the upper shell-and-tube heater of the additional row is connected to the inlet port of the heated source water of the lower shell-and-tube heater of the main row, and each shell-tube through the branch of the distillate outlet the heater is connected to the distillate collector, the installation is also equipped with a vacuum deaerator, the main and additional condensers, a water ejector unit, a chemical water treatment unit, consisting of a tank for a solution of chemical reagents and a metering pump for supplying chemical reagents to the filtered water pipeline, and U-shaped hydraulic locks connecting in each row of horizontal-tube film evaporators the evaporated water outlet pipes for the upstream a horizontal-tube film evaporator with nozzles for the input of evaporated water of the lower horizontal-tube film evaporator, and the outlet pipe is secondary the second steam of the lower horizontal-tube film evaporator of an additional row is connected to the steam inlet pipe of the main condenser, while the vacuum deaerator is equipped with a supply pipe filtered from mechanical suspensions of the source water, a steam supply pipe connected to the secondary steam outlet pipe from the horizontal pipe film evaporator located above the lower horizontal-tube film evaporator of an additional row, the outlet pipe of the deaerated source water, connected to the pipe under As the source water of the lower shell-and-tube heater of an additional row, and a steam outlet pipe, the additional condenser, which is a vertical heat exchanger, is equipped with a steam inlet pipe connected to a steam outlet pipe of a vacuum deaerator, a steam-gas mixture inlet pipe, a cooling water supply pipe, a cooling water outlet pipe, connected to the cooling water inlet port of the main condenser, the non-condensable gas outlet pipe and the condensate drain pipe, and all pumps except the pump serving the water ejector unit and the metering pump are equipped with electric motors with frequency regulation of the speed. 2. A horizontal-tube film evaporator containing a cylindrical body equipped with inlet and outlet pipes for evaporated water, with end tube sheets, in the central part of which along the axis there is a blocking device forming central and side compartments across the body, longitudinal bundles of horizontal heat exchange tubes fixed by the ends in tube sheets, a steam chamber with a steam inlet pipe and a distillation chamber with distillate inlet and outlet pipes and a steam outlet pipe, separator irrigation devices, irrigation devices in the form of horizontal perforated trays placed above the bundles of horizontal heat transfer tubes, characterized in that the steam and distillation chambers are located at the ends of the casing and are fixed on the tube sheets, the steam chamber is equipped with a box cut into the end tube sheet to communicate an open opening box with a central compartment, and at the bottom of the box there is a secondary steam outlet pipe, the partitioning device is made in the form of two rigidly connected to the pipe gratings and gutters placed on both sides of the axis of the casing, and the side compartments are formed between the wall of the cylindrical casing and each of the gutters, where longitudinal bundles of horizontal heat exchange tubes are located, the central compartment is formed between the gutters, and separation devices connected to the upper edges are placed in it the vertical walls of the grooves closest to the axis of the housing, while the second vertical walls of the grooves are interconnected by a sheet with a gap to the wall of the cylindrical body, at horizontal no irrigation devices over end portions of evaporated water input pipes made slotted slit and plugged outlets pipes. 3. The horizontal-tube film evaporator according to claim 2, characterized in that it is provided with baffles placed in a cylindrical body between the end tube sheets with equal gaps between them, and openings are made in the baffles in which horizontal heat-exchange tubes are placed. 4. The horizontal-tube film evaporator according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the cylindrical body is equipped with viewing windows located at the level of the bundles of heating heat transfer tubes. 5. A condenser comprising a vertical housing with a bundle of vertical heat exchange tubes placed therein, an upper and lower water chambers, a steam inlet pipe, cooling water inlet and outlet pipes, a condensate discharge pipe, non-condensable gas pipe, characterized in that the condenser body is made of two opposite flat walls connected by two semicircular walls of different diameters, while a vertical perforator is installed between the joints of the flat walls with the smaller of the semicircular walls ovan plate.