RU80840U1 - DEVICE FOR INCREASING BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND PURIFICATION OF WATER (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is aimed at providing the possibility of more efficient treatment of household and drinking water in order to improve its consumer characteristics while addressing a range of issues related to lowering the redox potential, purification and saturation of water with hydrogen and oxygen under continuous water supply and normal pH values. Said technical result is achieved in that the device for increasing the biological activity and water purification, having a cylindrical body and the electrodes are connected to a voltage source, contains a filler as polarizable disperse particles fills the interelectrode space by _^1/4 - _^3/4 volume, and may be made in the following two versions. According to the first variant, in the upper case cover there are two channels with holes for supplying the source water and discharging the treated water. A gas separation valve is installed on the cover, and the electrodes are made in the form of a system of three coaxial cylinders. In the lower part of the central cylindrical electrode there are openings for discharging treated water or supplying regenerating liquid, protected by a grid with cells smaller than 0.8 mm, the upper part of the central cylindrical electrode is connected to the output channel of the device. According to the second variant, the electrodes are placed one above the other in the form of mutually perpendicular plane-parallel packet sections in an amount of 1 to 3, two pipelines with mesh or slotted flow distributors having mesh sizes less than one are mounted above the upper electrode section and under the lower electrode section 0.8 mm. 2 n.p.ph., 1 s.p.ph., 2 tablets, 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of technology related to the implementation of physico-chemical methods for treating household drinking water in order to improve its consumer characteristics.

Currently, devices for increasing the biological activity of water by reducing its redox potential (ORP), as well as saturation of water with hydrogen and / or oxygen, are becoming more widespread.

The decrease (ORP) of water (revitalization, or vitalization of water), according to well-known data from biomedical research (see, for example, K.K. Kalninsh, L.P. Pavlova. "WATER-SPRING OF LIFE." Monograph / ITT RAS, SPGUTD, - St. Petersburg - 2005. - 293 s), leads to an improvement in its bioenergetic, metabolic and immunostimulating properties. It also provides favorable conditions for the development of microorganisms and plants. With regular use of water with reduced AFP, in particular, the state of internal organs, skin, mucous membranes and human hair improves. The development of normal microflora of the human body is stimulated and, as a result, the negative consequences of dysbiosis are reduced. It is generally accepted that a shift in donor – acceptor equilibrium in body fluids in favor of acceptors, leading to a deficiency of reactive electrons, is a key link in an extensive class of pathological processes that occur in living organisms.

A certain positive biological effect is achieved when the treated water is saturated with hydrogen (1-2 ppm) and oxygen (5-10 ppm), water containing a high concentration of hydrogen (including hydrogen atoms), which has the ability to prevent or suppress DNA damage. Among the devices providing such effects are known:

- apparatuses sparging specified gases through the treated water, which are obtained in various ways and pre-pumped into storage cylinders,

- electrolyzers with separation membranes.

It goes without saying that all the bioactive properties of water with reduced ORP or saturated with hydrogen and oxygen can be realized only with a high degree of purity of water that meets all drinking standards. Otherwise, the benefits of water treatment can be crossed out by the harm from drinking water with toxic, infectious or allergenic agents. In this regard, it is highly desirable that the water treatment be comprehensive and include the operations of both reducing ORP and water purification.

Currently, no devices are known that in a certain complex water treatment process would simultaneously produce purified water with reduced ORP and at the same time saturated with hydrogen and oxygen.

Known devices for lowering the ORP of water, or saturating it with hydrogen and oxygen (see, for example, "Modern technical electrochemical systems for disinfection, purification and activation of water", M., VNIIMT, 1999; AS USSR N 1433904, С02F 1 / 46, RF patent “Obtained by electrolysis of water containing dissolved hydrogen, a method for producing water by electrolysis and a device for producing water by electrolysis" RU 2140881 C1 from 1997.08.26).

There are also a huge variety of devices for purifying water from all kinds of contaminants, toxic compounds and elemental ions, working on various physicochemical principles, but not providing a reduction in ORP and water saturation

hydrogen and oxygen (see, for example, Miklashevsky N.V., Korolkova S.V. “Pure water. Purification systems and household filters.” Publishing House BHV - St. Petersburg, Arlit, 240 pp., ISBN 5-8206-0114 -0; M.E. Ershov. “The most common methods of water purification.” Publisher: ACT, Stalker, 2006, 96 pages). Another disadvantage of these filtration devices is their narrow functional specialization, the absence of models that provide water purification for a wide range of contaminants at the same time. A common drawback of these devices is that in their majority, as a rule, they slightly increase the ORP, further removing this value from physiologically comfortable values.

The closest analogues of the proposed device are devices for electrochemical unipolar activation of liquids, which today allow the most radical change in the ORP of water. However, a big drawback of such devices is that they simultaneously with the ORP change both the pH and the chemical formula of water, which is always essentially a diluted solution of electrolytes. In particular, when the ORP decreases, the pH of the water increases as a result of electrolysis of the water. Another disadvantage of such devices is the extremely low efficiency in the purification of water from foreign particles and substances whose ions and molecules tend to aggregate (for example, the formation of hydroxides) during electrochemical processing.

Recently, descriptions of devices of the so-called contactless type have begun to appear. One could single out, for example, a utility model according to patent RU 2194017 C2RU of 2000.04.10, which, according to the authors, does not change the chemical composition of the liquid being treated. However, the experimental confirmation given by the authors of the feasibility of the utility model refers only to a rather concentrated solution of sodium chloride and leaves serious doubts about the real possibilities of such a device when processing non-saline solutions, namely, water. In addition, the authors very vaguely describe the design of the device using such non-specific concepts as “thin walls”, moreover, from an uncharacterized material. The physicochemical properties of the latter in this case are very important, because, for example, it is known that the ability to shield electrostatic, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields depends on the electrical and magnetic properties of materials.

Therefore, as the closest analogue of the proposed device, we would propose another, non-contact device that seems more realistic to us - a device for non-contact activation of liquids, proposed by V.M.Bakhir (V.I. Prilutsky, V.M. Bakhir. Electrochemically activated water: abnormal properties, mechanism of biological action. - M .: VNIIIMT AO NPO Ekran, 1997, pp. 67-74).

The device contains electrodes - an anode and a cathode, separated by a diaphragm and placed in an electrochemically activated (ECA) liquid. In this case, the capacitance for a contactlessly activated (BKA) liquid is placed in an ECA liquid either between the cathode and the diaphragm, or between the anode and the diaphragm.

The disadvantages of this device are the design complexity due to the presence of a diaphragm and the formation of stagnant zones in the ECA of the liquid, as well as the low efficiency of the installation, as well as the lack of the ability to purify water from contaminants (which, incidentally, is common to all known devices for controlling ORP of water).

Other disadvantages of the prototype are associated with: the relatively high energy consumption necessary to obtain stable effects of water activation, and low productivity as a result of the increased residence time of each portion of the treated water in the electrode chambers of the electrolytic cells, which leads to a relatively low linear flow rate;

The task posed to the proposed utility model is the elimination of the listed disadvantages of devices to reduce the ORP of water while solving

complex issues of purification and saturation of water with hydrogen and oxygen. In other words, the task is to obtain a model that provides more efficient water treatment, suitable, in particular:

- to solve a wide variety of biomedical problems, when water is required with a reduced ORP but normal pH values,

- to enable continuous supply of water with low redox potential,

- to solve the problems of purification and neutralization of water environments, along with giving it the properties of "living" water in various fields of health and national economy.

The stated problem is solved using a device containing a number of elements known from the prior art and inherent in analogues, namely: an electrode chamber with anodes and cathodes connected to a constant voltage source and a number of secondary elements.

However, unlike analogues, the device’s electrode chamber does not contain dividing barriers (membranes, diaphragms or walls), as a result of which the treated water is not divided into anode and cathode flows. However, the electrode chamber partially - _^1/4 - _^3/4 volume filled polarizable granular filler or fillers with different polarization characteristics that when a transverse electric field additionally acquire sorption ( "Electrosorption") activity.

The device of the utility model in two versions is presented in figures 1, 2. According to the first embodiment, the model consists of a plastic or metal cylindrical body 1, the cover of which has an opening 2 for the inlet of water to be treated and for the outlet of the washing liquid. The hole is equipped with a protective mesh or mesh filter 3 with a minimum size of not more than 0.8 mm. Three coaxial electrodes are placed inside the housing, of which the middle 4 is designed to be connected to a pole opposite to that to which the external electrodes 5, 6 are connected. Typically, the external electrodes are cathodes, due to the lower cost of cathode materials. Anodes are made using technologies that ensure its stability during electrode processes, for example, using platinum group metals or titanium with a highly developed working surface. Cathodes are made of corrosion-resistant metals or alloys, for example, high-alloy steels. The inner and outer cathodes are interconnected by a jumper in its lower or upper part, as, for example, shown in figure 1. The inner cathode has the same cylindrical (tubular) shape as the other electrodes. In the lower part, the inner cathode has a perforation for the output of treated water. The output from the inner cathode can be output at its center or offset from the axis, being bent, as shown in figure 1.

An automatic gas vent 7 is also installed on the lid to vent excess of the resulting electrolysis gases. For the reliability of electrical contacts, a contact tight plastic box 8 can also be installed for connecting the electrode leads and connecting the power supply to them.

The interelectrode space device _^1/4 - _^3/4 volume filled with granules polarizable material 9 (e.g., granules segnetokeramicheskih with abnormally high dielectric constant). One or more granular materials that differ in their polarization and catalytic can also be used.

characteristics. Various polarization characteristics provide the implementation of various mechanisms for the electro-retention of microparticles in the volume of a granular filler: electrosorption or dipolophoretic. The outlet of the treated water and the inlet of the washing liquid is carried out through the hole 10.

The following is an example of the most versatile two-component granular filler composition:

¼-½ - chemically neutral, slightly polarizable material (silica sand or other silicate granular material, with granules containing catalytically active manganese dioxide or the like).

½-¼ - a lighter highly polarizable granular copolymer (a mixture of granules of cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin).

In order to prevent the filler from leaving the case during backwashing of the device, the mesh filter 3 of the standard design is installed not in the forward but in the opposite direction. In order to prevent the filler from leaving the case during backwashing of the device, the mesh filter 3 of the standard design is installed not in the forward but in the opposite direction.

For the convenience of flushing filler 9 during operation of the utility model, tees and valves can be connected to its inlet and outlet openings in the housing cover, allowing the inlet channel to switch to the supply of purified water or the selection of regenerating liquid, and the outlet channel to the selection of purified water or the supply of regenerating liquid.

In order to automate the water treatment process, an electric liquid flow sensor or a water meter with an electric output connected to a voltage source can be connected to the input or output openings of the housing, and the voltage source can be equipped with a device that turns on and off the electric power depending on the signals received from the flow sensor or water meter and indicating the presence or termination of flow. The connection of a flow sensor or a water meter can be performed either directly to the inlet or outlet openings in the cover, or to the aforementioned tees.

According to the second option (figure 2), the utility model consists of a cylindrical body 1 (plastic or metal), the cover of which has a pipe 2 for the inlet of water to be treated, and for the outlet of the washing liquid. The pipe in its part located inside the housing has a flow distributor 3 slotted or mesh type. Inside the case, in its lower part, a system of several packages 4-6 connected in parallel, plane-parallel electrodes (cathodes and anodes) connected in turn to a power supply unit is mounted. The electrodes located in each of the packages are perpendicular to the electrodes in adjacent packages. An automatic gas vent 7 is installed on the lid to vent excess of the resulting electrolysis gases and, if desired, a pressure gauge can be mounted. The electrodes are connected to the terminal 8, brought out of the device. The interelectrode space of the device at ¼-¾ of the body volume is filled with granules of polarizable materials 9 (for example, ferroceramic granules with an abnormally high dielectric constant) as in the first embodiment. The outlet of the treated water and the inlet of the washing liquid 10 are separated from the volume filled with granular filler, the bottom 11 in the form of a lattice with a fine mesh or plate with a system of distribution caps, which play the role of a lower flow distributor.

For the convenience of washing the polarizable filler 9 during operation of the utility model, tees and valves can be connected to its inlet and outlet openings 2 and 10, allowing to switch the input channel to the supply of purified water or the selection of regenerating liquid, and the output channel to the selection of purified water or the supply of regenerating liquid .

In order to automate the water treatment process, an electric liquid flow sensor or a water meter with an electric output connected to a voltage source can be connected to the nozzles 2 or 10, and the voltage source can be equipped with a device that turns on and off the electric power depending on the signals received from the flow sensor or water meter and indicating the presence or termination of flow. The connection of a flow sensor or a water meter can be performed either directly to the nozzles, 2 or 10, or to the aforementioned tees.

The main distinguishing features of the proposed utility model in relation to the prototype are:

- the absence of dividing barriers between the electrodes;

- the presence between the electrodes of a granular filler.

The devices according to options 1, 2 work as follows in the same way. Processed water is passed through a casing with granular filler and an electrode system from top to bottom. The power supply unit through the electrodes ensures the occurrence in the interelectrode space of processes such as decreasing the ORP of water due to its restructuring, saturation of water with microbubbles of hydrogen and oxygen released respectively on the anodes and cathodes, electrosorption of contaminants on the polarized nozzle, purification and neutralization of water by electrooxidation, electroreduction toxic components and electrical destruction of particulate contaminants of microbiological nature.

The electrodes provide the restructuring of water having polar molecules, and the polarization of the dispersed material, with the help of which water is purified from a number of contaminants. Electricity for this is supplied from a single voltage source (power supply unit), which ensures the occurrence of electrode processes, the saturation of water with hydrogen and oxygen, and the polarization modification of the liquid crystal structure of water, leading to a decrease in the ORP.

The impurities contained in water are removed during complex processing or neutralized due to a complex of physicochemical processes (electroaggregation due to Coulomb, dipole-Coulomb and dipole-dipole interactions, electrooxidation and electroreduction, electroreduction, electrosorption, electroflotation, electrodestruction and microbial cells) gradually pollute the working elements of the device: dispersed filler and the surface of the electrodes. In this regard, periodically there is a need for regeneration of the working elements of the device, which in this device can be carried out by backwashing the electrodes and the filler in a suspended layer, for which part of the device’s body remains unfilled with granules. At the same time, the selected ratio of the volume of the housing to the dispersed filler guarantees the possibility of effective backwashing of the device.

If necessary, reagent flushing of the device can also be used, for example, with dilute acids or detergent solutions.

As a result of water treatment, protons and hydroxyl groups (hydroxonium ions) formed as a result of electrolysis are able to instantly recombine, keeping the pH of the water at the initial level. As a result, when passing through the proposed device, water when the power supply is turned on, the following occurs:

- modification of the liquid crystal structure of water formed by polar H ₂ O molecules, moreover, prone to the formation of hydrogen bonds (directly under the influence of the electric field strength factor);

- dissolution in water of small amounts of components formed during the electrolysis of water and playing an important role for life: hydrogen (0.5-2.0 parts per million) and oxygen (5-10 parts per million).

- water purification from almost all suspended and a number of dissolved components, including microorganisms (i.e. sterilization of water).

The practical applicability of the proposed options for a utility model is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. For water treatment, the device depicted in figure 1 (option 1) was used with the inner and outer cylindrical cathodes and the anode mounted between them. The electrodes were connected to a 12 V DC voltage source. The lower 1/4 of the interelectrode space was filled with quartz sand with a particle size of 0.3-0.6 mm.

Water for treatment was taken from the city water supply in St. Petersburg. In order to identify the role of the amount of electricity passed through the water, the water was treated for various times when the water was in the working chamber at a voltage of 12 V on the electrodes (current - 0.45 A), as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Processing time, s 0 (control) 10 60 120 300 600 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 The value of the ORP of water, mV 380 17 -eleven -19 -19 -eighteen pH of water, units 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.6 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 Dissolved hydrogen, ppm Less than 0.1 0.3 0.9 1.3 1,6 1.7 Dissolved oxygen, ppm 7.5 12.5 14.7 15.8 16.2 16.3

From the above data it is seen that with the help of the proposed utility model, a significant effect of reducing ORP, increasing the concentrations of dissolved hydrogen and oxygen without increasing the pH of the water, as well as increasing the concentration of hydrogen and oxygen is achieved.

Example 2. The described device of figure 1 was used to treat water from an underground well in the area of the village of Toksovo (Leningrad region), containing an increased concentration of iron ions (about 9 mg / l). The lower part of the device was filled 2/3 of the height of the electrode chamber with quartz sand with a grain size of 0.3-0.6 mm. Tees were installed at the inlet and outlet of the device, with valves providing the possibility of switching over the flows during flushing, connected to the inlet and outlet openings of the housing cover.

Water was passed through the electrode chamber. The linear flow rate was maintained at 12 cm / min. The ORP value of the source water was (182 ± 5) mV, pH 7.1.

After passing water through the electrode chamber, the ORP value decreased to (-50 ± 1) mV. In this case, the concentration of iron ions decreased to values (0.2-0.3) mg / L. That is, along with the effect of reducing ORP to physiologically more favorable values, there was the effect of purifying water from iron ions and bringing this indicator in line with the current WHO hygiene standards. The pH of the water during water treatment was in the range of 7.1-7.2.

Example 3. The device shown in figure 1, and equipped with an external strapping, as in example 2, was used to treat water from a river in the area of the village of Sevastyanovo (Lenoblaet). The interelectrode space was filled with spherical granules based on a copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene with a diameter of 0.3-1.0 mm with chemically attached functional groups. A pulse water meter with an electrical output VSX-25 was connected to the device outlet.

Water was passed through the electrode chamber, which, due to the content of a large number of suspended particles, had a turbidity index that significantly exceeded that required by the WHO and SanPiN standards, namely 23.7 mg / L, instead of the required 1.5 mg / L.

The linear flow rate was maintained at 12 cm / min, the voltage at the electrodes was 24 V. The ORP value of the source water was (396 ± 10) mV.

After passing water through the electrode chamber, the ORP value decreased to (-10 ± 1) mV. At the same time, the turbidity index decreased to values (0.8-0.9) mg / l, that is, along with the effect of decreasing the ORP, there was the effect of purifying water from suspended particles and bringing this indicator in line with the current WHO hygiene standards. The pH of the water as a result of processing was maintained at 6.9.

Example 4. for the treatment of water from the city water supply Sestroretsk (a suburb of St. Petersburg), the device depicted in figure 2 (option 2) was used. Water was treated in a flow with linear flow rates indicated in Table 2 at various voltage values supplied to the electrodes. The voltage values at the electrodes and the current through the cell are also given in Table 2.

table 2 Linear flow rate, cm / min 0 (Com
role) 6 24 62 205 310 Electrode voltage, V 0 48 48 48 48 48 Tension
email fields. W / cm 0 3 3 3 3 3 Current, A 0 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.89 0.89 The value of the ORP of water, mV 410 -10 0 5 182 398 pH of water, units 6.8 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 Turbidity, mg / l 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 Oxidation, mgO ₂ / l 3.2 0.8 0.9 1,1 1,2 1.8 Total iron, mg / l 0.48 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.08 0.2

From table 2 it follows that at all flow rates taken: from 12 cm / min (200 l / h) up to values of the order of 310 cm / min (10 m ³ / h), there is an effect of decreasing ORP at a constant pH, which corresponds to quantities of electricity passed through water, respectively, from 13 to 0.26 C / l. Only in the case of the highest flow rate at a taken voltage of 12 V, the effect becomes insignificant. The table also shows that along with the vitalization of water (a decrease in redox potential), its purification takes place (using the selected indicators as an example).

Claims (6)

1. Device for increasing biological activity and water purification, comprising a housing, electrodes connected to a voltage source, characterized in that the housing of the device has a filler in the form of polarizable dispersed particles, in the upper cover of the housing there are two channels with holes for supplying source water and exhaust treated water, as well as a gas separation valve, the electrodes are made in the form of a system of three coaxial cylinders, openings are made in the lower part of the central cylindrical electrode Single or treated water supplying regeneration liquid, protected by a grid with a mesh size of less than 0.8 mm, the top portion of the central cylindrical electrode is connected with the output channel device, and the filler fills the interelectrode space by _^1/4 - _^3/4 volume. 2. A device for increasing biological activity and water purification according to claim 1, characterized in that tees and valves are connected to its inlet and outlet openings in the housing cover, allowing the inlet channel to switch to the flow of purified water or the selection of regenerating liquid, and the outlet channel is for the selection of purified water or the supply of regenerating liquid. 3. A device for increasing the biological activity of water according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that an electric fluid flow sensor or a water meter with an electrical output connected to a voltage source is connected to the input or output openings of the housing, and the voltage source is equipped with a device including turning off the electric power depending on the signals coming from the flow sensor or water meter and indicating the presence or termination of the flow. 4. Device for increasing biological activity and water purification, comprising a housing in which electrodes are placed connected to a voltage source, characterized in that the housing of the device has a filler in the form of polarizable dispersed particles, the electrodes are placed one above the other in the form of mutually perpendicular plane-parallel packet sections in an amount of 1 to 3, above the upper electrode section and under the lower electrode section, two pipelines with mesh or slotted flow distributors with mer cells less than 0.8 mm, and the filler fills the interelectrode space by _^1/4 - _^3/4 volume. 5. A device for increasing biological activity and water purification according to claim 4, characterized in that tees and valves are connected to its inlet and outlet openings of the housing, allowing the input channel to switch to the flow of purified water or the selection of regenerating liquid, and the output channel to selection purified water or a supply of regenerating liquid. 6. A device for increasing the biological activity of water according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that an electric fluid flow sensor or a water meter with an electrical output connected to a voltage source is connected to its inlet or outlet in the housing, and the voltage source is equipped with a device, turning electric power on and off depending on the signals coming from the flow sensor or water meter and indicating the presence or termination of the flow.