RU2701913C1 - Device for reduction of redox potential of water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of electroactivated drinking water with negative value of oxidation-reduction potential and neutral value of hydrogen index. Proposed device for reduction of redox potential of water comprises water supply devices and two vertical electrodes: cylindrical cathode and anode arranged coaxially in it, forming electrolytic flow chamber interconnected in upper part with means of treated water discharge. Cathode is made from titanium. Anode is made of graphite or schungite. Electrodes are arranged in dielectric housing to form catalytic chamber communicated in upper part with water supply means between housing inner wall and cathode outer surface, and in lower part with electrolytic chamber.

EFFECT: technical result is obtaining very pure drinking water with neutral pH, low redox potential and long storage life, as well as simplifying the design of the device for obtaining such water.

7 cl, 1 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of production of electroactivated drinking water with a negative value of redox potential (ORP) and a neutral value of the hydrogen index.

State of the art

The main processes that ensure the vital activity of any organism are redox reactions associated with the transfer or addition of electrons. Electron activity characterizes the redox potential (abbreviated ORP), also called the redox potential (Eh), the value of which is determined by the electrochemical method and is expressed in millivolts (mV).

Normally, the ORP of the internal environment of the human body (blood, plasma, cells, breast milk), measured on a platinum electrode relative to the silver chloride reference electrode, is in the range from -90 to -200 mV. The ORP value of ordinary drinking water ranges from +80 to +300 mV, sometimes up to +560 mV or more. Such water is not useful, the body has to spend a lot of energy to absorb it. In order for water to be more easily absorbed, and the vital energy of the body was not spent on the correction of water electrons, the potentials of both liquid media should be close in their values, that is, they should have biological compatibility.

Scientific studies of Russian and foreign scientists confirm that drinking water with an AFP equal to the potential of the human body leads to the normalization of biochemical processes and slows down the negative processes of aging (for example, see Prince L. P. Pavlova, K. K. Kalnins. " Water is the spring of life. ”Monograph, IVS RAS, SPSUTD, St. Petersburg, 2005). It is even better if the AFP fluid entering the body is lower than the human AFP. Then the potential difference becomes a kind of reserve for nourishing the body and protecting it from the adverse external environment.

To increase the biological activity of water by reducing its redox potential, various devices are used, the most famous of which are electrolyzers with separation membranes (see patent RU 2145940, IPC: C02F1 / 461, publ. 27.02.2000, patent RU 2252920, publ. 05.27.2005 or RU 107521, published on 08.20.2011).

The membrane located in the space between the electrodes divides it into two chambers: the anode, in which anolyte — water with positive redox potential and acid properties (pH = 3–5 units) is formed as a result of electrolysis, and the cathode — in which catholyte — water with negative ORP and alkali properties (pH = 9 units or more). However, such negatively charged water (catholyte) cannot be used as drinking water or even used for watering plants, since the alkaline properties of water cause disturbances in the absorption of trace elements, which leads to the development of a number of diseases.

For drinking purposes, catholyte can be used only after diluting it with ordinary tap water or anolyte (for example, as in patent RU 2140881, publ. 10.11.1999 or RU 2206973, publ. 06.27.2003). However, in these cases it is difficult to observe the necessary proportions, the excess of which will lead to the formation of a mixture with positive AFP.

The indicator of the acid-base state of water, characterized by the concentration of hydrogen ions (pH) is the second important parameter of water. Its optimal value for drinking water is from 6.5 to 7.5 units, which corresponds to the neutral reactivity of water.

Water treatment while maintaining neutral pH values allows for diaphragmless electrolyzers. Known diaphragmless electrolyzers, the design of which includes a cylindrical (tubular) cathode and an internal rod anode, mounted coaxially to each other by means of dielectric bushings (see patent RU 2636725, IPC: С02F1 / 461, publ. 11/27/2017; patent RU 2350568, publ. 27.03.03 .2009). Both of these devices are portable devices that are lowered into a container of water to activate it. Water activated in this way is recommended to be consumed immediately, as it does not retain negative ORP for a long time. At the same time, both devices are not adapted for working with running water and have low productivity.

As the closest analogue, by the presence of signs similar to the essential features of the claimed technical solution, a device for electroactivation of water has been adopted, the design of which is disclosed in patent RU 2628782, IPC: C02F1 / 46, publ. 08/22/2017. According to the aforementioned patent, the device contains two vertical electrodes: a cylindrical cathode and anode coaxially placed in it, forming a flowing electrolytic chamber interconnected in the upper part with the treated water drainage means, and in the lower part with the water supply means.

Between the electrodes granules of crushed conductive material, for example, graphite or schungite, are poured, separated from one of the electrodes by a grid of electrical insulating material. The supply and output of water is carried out through a two-part internal cavity of the anode, made with through holes. The processed fluid passes through the radial holes in the lower part of the anode into the base of the backfill from the granules, rises up the gaps between the granules, goes back into the anode cavity through the holes in its upper part, and then is removed from the device.

The mentioned device is characterized by high performance and allows you to get water with an ORP (-310) mV at almost constant pH.

The disadvantages of the aforementioned device include the complexity of the design and maintenance of the device, due to the presence of backfill between the electrodes, as well as water pollution by metal particles of the anode, due to its destruction during electrolysis. When connected to the positive power pole, stainless steel, nickel, and titanium, which do not have a protective coating, are susceptible to passivation. In addition, in the materials of the patent there is no information about the resistance of the obtained activated water, which is possibly not important, because water is used for irrigation.

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is the creation of a simple compact, high-performance device that provides clean water with a neutral pH, negative ORP and a long shelf life, during which the water retains its "negative" properties.

The technical results achieved by using the present invention consist in obtaining very pure drinking water with a neutral pH, low redox potential and a long shelf life, as well as in simplifying the design of the device for producing such water.

Disclosure of the invention

The solution to the mentioned technical problem is achieved due to the fact that in the proposed device for reducing the redox potential of water containing water supply means and two vertical electrodes: a cylindrical cathode and anode coaxially placed therein, forming a flowing electrolytic chamber interconnected in the upper part with means The treated water outlet, according to the claimed invention, the cathode is made of titanium, the anode is made of graphite or schungite, while the electrodes are placed in di electrical housing with the formation between the inner wall of the housing and the outer surface of the cathode of the chamber, communicated in the upper part with water supply, and in the lower part with the electrolytic chamber.

Unlike the closest and other known analogues, the proposed design uses not only the inner surface of the cathode, but also its negatively charged outer surface, which forms, together with the inner wall of the casing, another processing chamber in communication with the electrolytic chamber and located in front of it along the course of water . Water passing through this chamber, in contact with the outer negatively charged surface of the cathode, gives it part of its positively charged particles, which subsequently helps to increase the efficiency of the process of electrolysis of water in the electrolytic chamber.

Due to the fact that the cathode is made of titanium, and the anode is made of graphite or schungite, water pollution by particles of electrode materials is excluded. The pure titanium used to manufacture the cathode is not susceptible to passivation when connected to the negative power pole.

For the manufacture of the anode, an alternative possibility of using two materials is provided: pure graphite or schungite. This possibility is provided by the fact that both of these materials are 99% carbon and have similar properties. Both graphite and shungite have high electrical conductivity and, at the same time, high temperature and chemical resistance, to almost any aggressive aqueous solutions, and the mentioned resistance is much higher than that of noble metals.

In addition to the fact that both of these materials are inert and unable to dissolve in chemically active solutions, both graphite and shungite have a porous structure, which allows them to adsorb harmful impurities contained in water on their surface. As a result, when water is passed through the device, additional purification of water from salts of heavy metals, colloidal iron, chlorine compounds, etc. is provided.

The use of shungite may be preferable due to the fact that this mineral of natural origin additionally provides saturation of water with useful macro- and microelements in the concentration optimal for the human body, as well as fullerenes capable of dissolving in water, which, when interacting with water, play the role of specific catalysts that accelerate deactivation and destruction of organic compounds harmful to the human body contained in water.

In the electrolytic chamber, the main process of electrolysis of water occurs. The laminar flow formed in the space between the electrodes creates the conditions for the mixing and saturation of water with hydrogen and oxygen particles formed on the electrodes, which also helps to reduce the ORP.

The gap between the inner surface of the cathode and the anode is preferably not more than 3 mm, which provides a high rate of water flow and eliminates the possibility of accumulation of gaseous electrolysis products formed in the electrolytic chamber, which can lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the process.

When water is passed through the proposed device, a reduction in its redox potential is achieved by an average of 600-700 units from the original indicators. At the outlet of the device, water has a negative ORP value from minus 180 to minus 520 mV, depending on the properties of the source water.

Moreover, as shown by the studies, the negative redox potential of water persists for up to 10 days, which makes possible the industrial production of activated water.

All the distinctive essential features of the claimed device work together, providing clean water with negative ORP and a long shelf life.

It is advisable to install permanent magnets at the water inlet to the chamber communicated in the upper part with water supply means, and in the lower part with the electrolytic chamber. As you know, a water molecule formed by the combination of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom is partially polarized: the hydrogen side is more positive, and the oxygen side is more negative. The passage of water between powerful permanent magnets, such as neodymium, helps to streamline the structure of water, increase the efficiency of the electrolysis process and further increase the shelf life of negative ORP of water.

In preferred cases, the implementation of the device:

- the anode is made in the form of a rod with a diameter of 80-100 mm,

- cameras are interconnected through holes made in the lower part of the cathode.

- the housing is closed on top by a lid in which the electrodes are fixed and channels for supplying and discharging water are made.

The electrodes are connected to a constant pulsating current source through a switching unit. In the process of electrolysis, a pulsation frequency of 0 to 1000 Hz is used.

As is known and proven, it is these low frequencies that have the most beneficial effect on biological systems (plants, animals and humans).

The device is quite simple in design, compact, has high performance and provides an effective solution to the tasks.

The processes that occur when water is passed through the device provides a high degree of water disinfection (up to 100%), which is confirmed by the results of microbiological studies. The water obtained as a result of processing on the proposed device is suitable for drinking raw even for young children.

The possibility of industrial feasibility of the proposed technical solution is confirmed by the following implementation examples.

The implementation of the invention

The drawing shows the proposed device, General view, schematically. A device for reducing the redox potential of water contains a dielectric housing 1 with a cover 2, in which a water supply channel 3 and a water discharge channel 4 are provided, equipped with fittings for connecting the corresponding pipelines. Two electrodes are fixed in the lid: a cylindrical cathode 5 and a rod anode 6 coaxially placed in it, forming a flowing electrolytic chamber 7 between them.

The coaxial arrangement of the electrodes is provided by a sleeve 8 of dielectric material and the mounting holes of the cover 2.

A chamber 9 is formed between the inner wall of the housing 1 and the outer surface of the cathode 5, which is connected in the upper part to the water supply channel 3, and in the lower part to the electrolytic chamber 7, for example, through openings 10 made around the perimeter of the cathode 5.

Permanent magnets 12, for example, powerful neodymium magnets placed in cases with lodges for enclosing the pipeline, are installed on the water supply pipe 11 located at the inlet of the chamber 9.

As the material for the manufacture of cathode 5, pure titanium was used.

Anode 6 is made in the form of a rod with a diameter of 80-100 mm from pure graphite or schungite. These materials are 99% or more carbon and have a high chemical resistance and a porous structure, which eliminates the passivation of the anode and provides the possibility of additional water purification.

The gap between the cathode 5 and the anode 6 is not more than 3 mm. The electrodes 5 and 6 are connected to the corresponding poles of the source of constant pulsating current 13 through the switching node 14.

The device operates as follows.

Turn on the water supply. Water passes through the pipeline 11, is exposed to the magnetic field of permanent magnets 12 and through the channel 3 enters the chamber 9. Under the influence of the magnetic field of the magnets 12, the supplied water is polarized and structured, and water, the dipoles (particles) of which are oriented in a certain way, enters the chamber 9 .

In the chamber 9, polarized water is in contact with the outer negatively charged surface of the cathode 5 and gives it part of its positively charged particles. In fact, in the chamber 9, the electrolysis process is already beginning, in which water acts as the second electrode, exchanging particles with a negatively charged cathode 5.

Passing from top to bottom between the wall of the housing 1 and the outer surface of the cathode 5, water flows through the holes 10 of the cathode 5 into the electrolytic chamber 7, where the main electrolysis process takes place. Due to the fact that the gap between the anode 6 and the cathode 5 is not more than 3 mm, a high flow rate of water through the electrolytic chamber 7 is ensured. Water rises from the bottom up between the electrodes 5 and 6 and is discharged through the channel 4.

The laminar flow formed in the space between the electrodes creates the conditions for good mixing and saturation of water with hydrogen and oxygen particles formed on the electrodes, while the accumulation of gaseous products of electrolysis in the electrolytic chamber 7 is excluded.

In addition to electrochemical reactions in contact with the anode 6, water is purified from harmful impurities that are adsorbed on the porous surface of the graphite (shungite) anode 6.

Thus, the proposed device provides multi-stage water treatment, which allows you to get clean water with low negative redox potential from -180 to -520 mV, neutral pH and long shelf life of up to 10 days or more.

Example 1. The device was used to treat water from a local centralized water supply system having initial ORP (+584) mV and pH = 7.76. A voltage of up to 12 V was applied to the electrodes at a current strength of up to 3 A with a frequency of 7.83 Hz, 400 Hz, and 1000 Hz.

Samples of water obtained as a result of processing on the claimed device were subjected to laboratory studies, which showed that the ORP value decreased to -182 mV (achieved potential reduction of more than 740 units). At the same time, the pH value of the pH remained virtually unchanged at 7.36.

The results of studies conducted by an accredited certified laboratory of Omskvodokanal OJSC also showed that as a result of passing water through the device, the content of calcium, aluminum, nitrate ions and some other harmful impurities decreased in it.

The microbiological analysis showed that the total microbial number (TBC), CFU / 100cm ³ is zero, with an acceptable norm of 50, coliform bacteria (OKB) are absent.

Biochemical analysis for the presence of active chlorine showed that the total content of free and bound chlorine in the treated water is less than 0.05 mg / dm ³ with a chlorine content of 0.63 mg / dm ³ in the source water.

The resulting water was stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of + 3 ° С, while the value of the redox potential was measured every day.

The measurements showed on day 7 ORP (-150) mV, on day 10 (-50) mV.

Water from natural sources, not subjected to anthropogenic influences, has an initially lower ORP than tap water treated with bleach. In these cases, electrolysis proceeds faster, and the achieved ORP values are lower.

Example 2. The device was used to treat water taken from an artesian well (Anapa). A voltage of up to 12 V was applied to the electrodes at a current strength of up to 3 A with a frequency of 400 - 432 Hz.

The ORP value obtained as a result of water treatment was minus 380 mV.

A container with water and an open surface was kept in the air under the sun for two days. Conducted ORP measurements showed a value of (-120) mV.

To remove the double electric layer that forms on the electrodes during the operation of the device and slows down the electrolysis process, a periodic short-term power off is used, for example, for 2-3 seconds. For the aforementioned shutdown, the switching unit 14 is designed as a time relay. Achieved ORP of water during a short-term shutdown does not change.

Currently, the problem of water supply to the population of cities and other settlements is the low quality of drinking water that enters the consumer. Even if the water at the outlet of the centralized water supply station has a high degree of purification, then having passed through outdated pipelines to their destination, it becomes unfit for drinking. The proposed device, installed at the consumer of water, allows to solve the above problem.

The proposed device has a fairly simple and technological design, characterized by low costs for its production and maintenance.

The proposed device, which is a flowing electrochemical module, allows you to get up to 600 liters of activated water per hour.

In order to increase productivity, several modules (devices) connected in parallel can be used.

Claims (7)

1. A device for reducing the redox potential of water, containing means of water supply and two vertical electrodes: a cylindrical cathode and a coaxially placed anode inside it, forming a flowing electrolytic chamber interconnected in the upper part with the means for draining the treated water, characterized in that the cathode is made of titanium, the anode is made of graphite or schungite, while the electrodes are placed in a dielectric housing with the formation between the inner wall of the housing and the outer surface of the cat An ode to the chamber communicated in the upper part with water supply means, and in the lower part - with the electrolytic chamber. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnets are installed at the water inlet to the chamber communicated in the upper part with water supply means and in the lower part with the electrolytic chamber. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the gap between the inner surface of the cathode and the anode is not more than 3 mm 4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the anode is made in the form of a rod with a diameter of 80-100 mm 5. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the cameras are communicated with each other through openings made in the lower part of the cathode. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing is closed on top by a lid in which the electrodes are fixed and channels for supplying and discharging water are made. 7. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the electrodes are connected to a constant pulsating current source with a ripple frequency of not more than 1000 Hz.

Images