RU80290U1 - UNIVERSAL POWER SUPPLY MOTOR WITH STRENGTHENING WORKING MAGNETIC FIELD BY PERMANENT MAGNETS (ECU) - Google Patents

Abstract

ECU can find application in the same areas as conventional three-phase electric. low power engines. Using this type of engine can save energy. energy is almost 2 times. In addition, they have a more comfortable thermal regime with the same specific power. At the same time, the overall dimensions of this type of engine do not exceed the dimensions of conventional collector and brushless machines, even taking into account the rectifier and distributor integrated in the housing. In the case of synchronous operation, the rotor can be equipped with permanent magnets (as with conventional synchronous electric motors). For a long time, serially permanent magnets have been produced, capable of providing the necessary magnetic flux for ECs up to 1 kW or more.

Description

The essence of the solution:

It consists in the fact that the ECM is based on a conventional three-phase asynchronous (synchronous) motor and differs from it in the construction of the stator poles, namely, the presence of permanent magnets on the stator poles.

ECU also differs in the ways of supplying the stator windings with electric current, the kinds of electric current (supply).

ECU is distinguished by the presence of additional devices, with the help of which the stator windings are supplied with electric current.

It differs in the way of creating a magnetic flux of stator poles.

The solution is illustrated graphically.

Figure 1 shows a diagram in which the positions indicated:

1 - stator; 2 - rotor; 3 - permanent stator magnets; 4 - the distributor; 5 - drive distributor (rotor).

EUP works as follows.

Consider the principle of operation on the example of the simplest asynchronous (synchronous) motor (figure 1 Appendix).

As you know, when connecting the stator windings to a three-phase electric network, a rotating magnetic field is created, the magnetic flux of which, passing through the core of the rotor, induces electric motors in short-circuited turns of its winding. current. A magnetic field of the rotor is created, which interacts with the magnetic field of the stator, causing the rotor to rotate.

At the same time, all stator windings (coils) are constantly switched on.

Let us denote the average unidirectional (since the current is sinusoidal) magnetic flux of the winding (coil) of one pole - B _cp.1

The total magnetic flux of the stator:

B _st = B _{cf. 1} + B _{cf. 2} + B _{cf. 3}

If a permanent magnet is installed at the poles of each phase (coil), the magnetic flux B _{post. 1 of} which is equal to the average magnetic flux of one coil (phase) B _cf.

B _post 1 = B _{cf. 1}

At the same time, permanent magnets are installed in such a way that their poles of the same name face the axis of the rotor, around which a "neutral" magnetic field is created. The rotor does not rotate.

If one of the windings (coil) is included in the direct current electric network in such a way that the magnetic flux created by it (V _c ) is directed opposite to the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet (Fig. 1), then we obtain the condition of “screening” (compensation) of the constant magnetic flux magnet of this pole

B _to = In _{Wed. 1} - In _post . 1 = 0

Directed magnetic flux is generated.

In _total = _{Post 1} + _{Post 2} ,

which passes through the core and the short-circuited rotor winding. Given that the magnetic flux of the winding (coil) when it is supplied with direct current is approximately 1.5 times greater than the average magnetic flux of the same coil fed with alternating current,

In _total ≈V _post.1 + V _post.2 + 1 / 3B _{cp.1 (2, 3)}

When the stator windings are switched on alternately (in the circumferential direction), we obtain a rotating magnetic field, and then - as in the case of asynchronous (synchronous) electric. engine.

The windings are switched using a distributor, which can be a contact type, in the form of a collector-brush assembly or electronic sensors with compact electronic. scheme.

The distributor is driven by a micromotor of direct current or alternating current with the possibility of adjusting the speed, which makes it easy to control the starting of the engine, the speed of rotation and the reverse of its rotor.

Moreover, the distributor can be installed inside the housing (including on the rotor shaft), outside the housing, and also separately from the housing. This makes it easy to line up email. engine and units with its drive.

The ECU can be powered from a 3-phase, single-phase electric current through a rectifier, or from a direct current source.

It is possible to include stator windings in a three-phase alternating current network directly (like a conventional asynchronous motor), while the "screening" magnetic flux of one winding (coil) is distributed into three windings. There is no need for a rectifier and distributor, the windings can be reduced, because the load on each of them decreases by 2-2.5 times, but the efficiency (profitability) decreases.

Claims (4)

1. The electric motor of universal power supply with amplification of the working magnetic field by permanent magnets (EC), including a stator, rotor, distributor and distributor drive, characterized in that permanent magnets are installed on the poles of the stator. 2. The electric motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the distributor is made in the form of a mechanical distribution device, or in the form of an electrical circuit with electronic sensors, or a collector-brush assembly. 3. The electric motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the distributor drive is made in the form of a direct or alternating current electric motor. 4. The electric motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the pole windings are connected to a source of electric current (electric network) through a distributor.