RU79887U1 - FORMED ELEMENT AND COMPOSITE BUILDING PRODUCT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the industry of building materials and products, namely to molded elements and prefabricated composite building products with a colored decorative outer layer of various shapes and sizes, for example, fireplaces, fences, wall cladding, floor and road surfaces, ritual products, etc., which can find application for road, housing, etc. The molded element consists of a material containing a silicate binder, a filler with a particle size of not more than 8 mm, a pigment and a plasticizing additive. The material includes surface-colored fragments with a closed spatial contour, the inner core of which contains the largest filler particles, and the shell is an astringent and smaller filler particles. Composite building product contains molded elements from the above material. The structure of the material allows you to simulate a variety of natural stones and obtain composite building products with high decorative value.

Description

The utility model relates to the industry of building materials and products, namely to molded elements and prefabricated composite building products with a colored decorative outer layer of various shapes and sizes, for example, fireplaces, fences, wall cladding, floor and road surfaces, ritual products, etc., which can find application for road, housing, etc.

A composite product is known, which is a molded building element with a colored decorative outer layer in the form of road, paving, floor tiles, cladding panels, etc., from a material containing a polymer, for example polyolefins, brightly colored colored crystals as a mineral filler and, when if necessary, additional dye, reinforcing fibers, a plasticizer or a lubricant (RU 59048 U1, C04B 26/02, B29B 17/00, 2006). The molded element may consist of monolithically bonded bases of a material containing polymer and silica sand, and an outer layer of a material containing polymer and brightly colored colored crystals.

These elements are used for the manufacture of such composite building products as road and floor coverings, decorative cladding, as well as storage media, for example, advertising.

A characteristic feature of the elements, as well as products from them, is the presence on the outer surface of art or graphic images with bright, clearly separated contrasting colors.

The manufacture of, for example, a two-layer element begins with an outer layer containing a color pattern. For this, layers of the material of the required color are prepared by mixing in the required proportion of the components selected by color with subsequent metered loading into the extruder, where they are heated to the melting temperature of the used polyolefin at the same time as they are forcedly mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Then the mixture of molten polymer and crystals is poured into the mold, pressed and cooled in the mold under pressure.

Then, drawings are cut from some of the obtained plates, and holes corresponding to the pattern contour are cut out in others. After that, the picture elements are inserted into

corresponding holes and fit into the mold. The plates laid in the mold with the patterns inserted in them are heated to 40-60 ° C. After that, the resulting graphic image is poured into the composite base material, subjected to hot pressing under pressure, and then cooled also under pressure and get bright and contrast colored molded elements. Various composite building products are made from these elements.

Products have significant decorative value, but are made of fairly expensive materials. In addition, molded elements with an outer surface imitating various natural stones cannot be obtained from the material used.

Closest to the proposed molded element is a known product, which is a molded building element, from a material containing Portland cement as a silicate binder, sand and crushed stone with a particle size of up to 80 mm as fillers, a pigment and a plasticizing additive, the material including surface-painted fragments with open spatial contour, the inner core of which contains crushed stone, and the shell - Portland cement and sand (RU 2297910, B28B 7/16, 2007).

Closest to the proposed composite building product is a prefabricated (composite) building product in the form of decorative fences, pavement, wall cladding, etc., which are assembled from the above molded elements (RU 2297910, B28B 7/16, 2007).

Molded elements are obtained by mixing the binder and fillers in a gravity-free bladeless mixer until the formation of pellets, followed by the introduction of water with a plasticizing additive, the introduction of pigment, vibration molding and curing of the mixture. The particle size of crushed stone for construction work according to GOST 8267-93 is from 5 to 80 mm, the particle size of decorative crushed stone according to GOST 22856-89 is from 5 to 40 mm, and in both standards, a fraction with a minimum particle size is a fraction with a particle size of 5 up to 10 mm. In this method, the mixing of the dry components is carried out until the formation of dense pellets, consisting of an inner core containing particles of crushed stone, and an outer layer consisting of a mixture of sand and Portland cement. The introduction of water after the formation of pellets leads to moisturizing and further compaction of the pellets. The pellets are painted only in the surface layer due to the fact that during the manufacture of the material, the pigments are introduced after they are formed and mixing is continued only in

for a very short period of time before the start of molding. The depth of staining of the upper layer of the pellets with pigments is controlled by changing the residence time of the pellets in the mixer after introducing the pigments into the concrete mixture. During the formation of the resulting mixture during vibration, the coils collide with the walls of the mold and with each other, break, and their fragments are connected to the mass, so that during curing the material contains surface-colored fragments with an open contour, and a complex marble-like pattern is formed on the surface of the casting. It is possible to obtain molded elements with various configurations and patterns. Both flat and three-dimensional structures are formed from the elements.

The destruction of dense pellets during molding with the formation of debris with an uneven surface leads to the fact that the mass formed during molding does not have a sufficiently high density and a certain porosity, as well as the appearance on the surface of the product of significant areas with a natural gray color of concrete, which prevent the production of many decorative effects, in particular, the reproduction of the pattern of a number of natural stones.

The technical result, which the utility model aims to achieve, is to obtain composite building products with a new material structure, providing increased product density and the absence of pores.

To achieve this result, a molded element of a material containing a silicate binder, a filler, a pigment and a plasticizing additive is proposed, characterized in that the material contains a filler having a particle size of not more than 8 mm and includes surface-colored fragments with a closed spatial contour, the inner core of which contains the largest filler particles, and the shell is an astringent and finer filler particles.

To achieve this result, a composite construction product is also proposed containing molded elements from a material containing a silicate binder, a filler, a pigment and a plasticizing additive, characterized in that the material contains a filler having a particle size of not more than 8 mm and includes surface-painted fragments with a closed spatial contour, the inner core of which contains the largest filler particles, and the shell is an astringent and smaller filler particles.

A consequence of the new structure of the material of the products is also the ability of the resulting products to imitate a variety of natural stones, providing high decorative value of the resulting composite building products.

The manufacturing process of the molded elements is as follows. A silicate binder, for example, Portland cement, and a mineral filler, for example, granite screenings with a particle size of not more than 8 mm, its mixture with sand or sand, and also, if necessary, pigment, are loaded into a rotating vane-free concrete mixer and mixed until homogeneous. After that, water is introduced with a plasticizer dissolved in it, for example, C-3, and, possibly, other functional additives, and stirring is continued. After the introduction of water into the concrete mixer, the formation of plastic spools of approximately spherical shape and their gradual enlargement begins in it. Pigments are added to the concrete mixture at the moment when the size of the spools becomes mainly about 3-6 cm.

Upon reaching the desired size of the pellets, a pigment (or pigments) is introduced into the concrete mixer and, 10-20 seconds after the end of the introduction of the pigments, the concrete mixture is poured into molds located on the vibrating table. During mixing, the pigment penetrates into the reels to a depth of 2-3 mm, but the surface of each reel is painted with a different degree of penetration of the pigment, which subsequently gives the product a unique marble-like pattern. As a result of vibration, the pellets are deformed (spread), and the mixture evenly fills the mold. However, the pellets are not destroyed, since, being plastic, they have sufficient shape stability. At the end of the molding, the molds with the elements are subjected to natural drying on the racks until the strength is fully set, after which the elements are easily removed from the molds. The element is characterized by increased density and lack of pores. Moreover, on its surface there are no areas with a natural color of concrete, and in the mass and on the surface of the finished element contains surface-colored fragments with a closed spatial contour. This circumstance is reflected in the surface drawing.

The surface of the finished molded element has a texture defined by the applied form and a color determined by the applied pigment (s). Depending on the desired color of the element, various pigments at different stages of the process can be introduced simultaneously or alternately into the material during its manufacture. The greatest decorative effects occur when

the introduction of pigments after the formation of pellets. However, it is possible to introduce pigments both at the stage of obtaining a homogeneous mixture of silicate binder and fillers, and after the formation of pellets. In the first case, a uniformly colored element is obtained, in the second, the above-mentioned decorative effect on a generally uniformly colored background is obtained.

Molded elements in accordance with the utility model can be made in the form of plates, facade stone, tiles for walls and floors, paving slabs, elements of fences and fireplaces and other products.

The assembly of composite products from the obtained molded elements is carried out by well-known methods, as well as the assembly of similar products from any other molded elements.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the attached figures 1-7. Figure 1 shows a specific molded element that can be used for the manufacture of various composite products; figure 2-7 shows samples of composite products according to a utility model: figure 2, 3 - cladding, figure 4 - paving, figure 5 - flooring, figure 6 - fireplace, figure 7 ritual product. In this case, Fig. 3 shows a transverse section of the stone, on which the closed contours of the reels remaining during molding are visible.

The following are also examples describing the process for producing molded building elements.

EXAMPLE 1. In a rotating vane-free concrete mixer load 43 kg of Portland cement grade 500DO, 99 kg of filler (granite screenings with a particle size of 0 to 5 mm), and mix until smooth, after which 9.15 kg of water with plasticizer C dissolved in it are introduced -3 (6 wt.%; Water-cement ratio 0.2: 1), and stirring is continued. After the introduction of water into the concrete mixer, it begins to form pellets of approximately spherical shape and their gradual enlargement. When the size of the pellets reaches 3-6 cm, 430 g of white pigment (titanium dioxide) is introduced into the concrete mixer, after 7 seconds 430 g of red pigment, 130 g of blue pigment and 215 g of black pigment are added, and after 7 seconds the concrete mixture is poured into molds located on the vibrating table. As a result of vibration, the pellets are deformed (spread), and the mixture evenly fills the mold. At the end of the molding, the molds with the products are subjected to natural drying on racks until the strength is fully set, after which

products are easily removed from the molds. The surface of the finished element has a color that imitates red granite.

EXAMPLE 2. The process of obtaining a molded element is carried out in the same way as in example 1, with the following differences. As a filler, sand with a particle size of 0 to 3 mm is used. While Portland cement and filler are mixed, 1300 g of green pigment is added to the mixture before the introduction of water. Water with the plasticizer C-3 dissolved in it is introduced in an amount of 6.85 kg (water-cement ratio of 0.15: 1). When the size of the pellets reaches 3-6 cm, 430 g of white pigment (titanium dioxide) is introduced into the concrete mixer, after 5 s - 430 g of emerald green pigment, after another 5 s - 300 g of black pigment, and after another 7 s pour concrete mixture into forms located on a vibrating table. The surface of the finished element has a color that imitates malachite.

EXAMPLE 3. The process of obtaining a molded element is carried out in the same way as in example 1, with the following differences. As a filler, 60 kg of granite screenings with a particle size of 0 to 8 mm and 39 kg of sand with a particle size of 0 to 3 mm are used. When the size of the pellets reaches 3-6 cm, 300 g of white pigment (titanium dioxide) is introduced into the concrete mixer, after 9 seconds simultaneously 300 g of yellow pigment, 130 g of brown pigment and after another 6 s pour the concrete mixture into molds located on the vibrating table. The surface of the finished element has a color imitating amber.

Claims (3)

1. A molded element of a material containing a silicate binder, filler, pigment and plasticizing additive, characterized in that the material contains a filler having a particle size of not more than 8 mm, and includes surface-colored fragments with a closed spatial contour, the inner core of which contains the largest filler particles, and the shell is an astringent and finer filler particles. 2. Composite building product containing molded elements from a material containing a silicate binder, a filler, a pigment and a plasticizing additive, characterized in that the material contains a filler having a particle size of not more than 8 mm, and includes surface-painted fragments with a closed spatial contour, internal the core of which contains the largest particles of the filler, and the shell is an astringent and smaller particles of the filler. 3. Composite building product according to claim 2, characterized in that it is made in the form of a fence, fireplace, road and flooring, wall cladding, ritual products.