RU79597U1 - BRICK WALL EQUIPMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

Equipment for the construction of brick walls is designed to increase productivity by mechanizing manual work. It contains a cassette with a brick stacked in rows in a predetermined order, and a hopper with a solution distributed over the surface of the masonry when moving the hopper. When moving the cassette with a crane along the masonry line, another row of bricks is fed from the cassette.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to the field of construction work, in particular, to various methods and devices used in construction, and more specifically to equipment for the construction of brick walls.

Since the construction of walls from building elements stacked in rows, such as bricks and similar products, is associated with high manual labor costs, attempts are constantly being made to mechanize these works, both regarding the laying of bricks on the wall and the application of cementitious mortar by creating appropriate devices.

It is known, for example, a device for ed. No. 1686098, IPC E04G 21/20 "Mortar", 1989.

The known device, although it contains a roller conveyor that feeds a brick under a hopper with a cementitious mortar, however, there are no information regarding the laying of bricks on a conveyor or in a wall being built, the nodes, mechanisms that implement the laying processes, i.e. a possible implementation of the invention is literally limited to its name.

Much closer to the mechanization of the process of laying brick walls is the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2250324 E04G 21/22 "Method of laying a wall of brick and a device for its implementation", 2002.

The device according to the well-known patent individually moves the brick along a curved path from the supply line to the straight path of the masonry line, where the brick is treated with cementitious material and subjected to pressure from the roller pushers acting on its end to seal the masonry.

Although the known device in a certain volume can replace manual labor when laying brick walls, it raises great doubt that this task can be fully implemented in practice due to the considerable complexity of the device both in design and maintenance.

According to the applicants, of all the devices known to him that mechanize the laying of brick walls, the most successful

is an invention by ed. testimonial. No. 79740, nat. Cl. 37е, 13/06, “Bricklaying machine”, priority 1947

The known machine contains a special cassette having a rigid conductor grating, the cells of which correspond to standard dimensions of the length and width of the brick and are arranged among themselves in the order corresponding to the next row laid in the wall. After filling the cassette with the bricks laid in the column, the cassette is transported by means of a tongs grip using a lifting mechanism (crane) to the masonry site of the next row of bricks pre-coated with cementitious material (mortar coming from the hopper moving along the guides along the masonry line, where the mite grip releases the lower row of bricks, then the cassette is transferred to the next position and the process is repeated.

To preserve the straightness of the wall during its laying, templates are used, which in the general case are wooden battens (boards, bars), fixed to the wall and rearranged along it as it is laid.

The known device has several disadvantages, which include, first of all, the procedure for filling a brick with a cassette using a grid suspended from it with cells separated by plywood panels, which makes it difficult to fill the cassette and limits the choice of a masonry system. Another disadvantage concerns the weak filling of vertical joints in the finished masonry with a binder solution, which significantly affects the strength of the laid wall. So if we compare the manual work of a bricklayer when filling vertical joints with the similar work of a known device, it will be seen that during manual work a bricklayer processes a seam with both the plane of a trowel (“trowel”) and its edge (“cutting”), an action that is not present in a known device (in the latter there is a so-called "iron" that simulates work only with the trowel plane). On the other hand, the gap between adjacent surfaces of adjacent bricks during manual laying is set by the bricklayer “by eye”, based on his experience, while in the known device the gap is practically not controlled and may be completely absent, causing undesirable consequences in the future.

The claimed utility model was tasked with eliminating these shortcomings.

The problem is solved by the fact that the proposed equipment for the construction of brick walls, containing

a cassette filled with a brick to be laid, a grate-conductor, the cells of which correspond to standard brick sizes and are arranged together in the order corresponding to the row laid in the wall, a lever tong grip acting on the brick placed in the cassette, and a bin for contacting the binder with the device to fill them with vertical joints in the masonry.

New in the proposed device is that the conductor grate is autonomous, the tick-borne grip acts on the second row of bricks from the bottom of the cassette, and the device for filling the vertical joints with a solution contains a screw mounted at its outlet rotationally synchronously with the translational movement of the hopper, oriented across the direction of the masonry.

Another feature of the proposed equipment is that the surfaces of the templates in contact with the masonry have ribs, the direction and step between which correspond to the direction and step between the bricks laid in the wall.

The technical result of the claimed device is to simplify the design, simplify maintenance and improve masonry.

Figure 1 schematically shows a General view of the claimed equipment; figure 2 - patterns, visual image; figure 3 - grid-conductor, a visual image; figure 4 is a General view of the cartridge, a visual image.

The claimed equipment (Fig. 1) contains a cassette 1 with a brick 2 to be laid in a wall being erected 3. The cassette interacts with a cable 4 of a hoisting mechanism (for example, a construction crane) carrying a well-known lever clamp grip 5. A device for binder material (mortar ) is a hopper 6 having rotationally mounted rollers (rollers) 7 on it, supported by templates 8, removably-permutablely mounted on the wall 3. At the outlet of the hopper 6, a screw 9 is installed, oriented horizontally across the cell subcontroller (wall 3) and kinematically with a predetermined gear ratio associated with the rollers, rollers 7 for joint rotation with them. A slotted exit from the mortar hopper was made under the screw, the amount of which is regulated by the gate using the control handle 10. On the side walls of the templates 8 in contact with the masonry 3, vertical 11 and horizontal 12 ribs are made (FIG. 2),

the direction and step between which correspond to the step between 3 bricks laid in the wall.

Cassette 1 (figure 4) is a similarity of a rectangular hood in plan, the four side walls of which are interconnected. The grid-conductor 13 (Fig. 3) has no structural connection with the cap-cassette 1, coinciding in plan with the cross-section of the cassette-cap 1. The grating-conductor 13 has cells 14, 15, each corresponding to the size of the brick placed in the wall 3.

Inside the cassette, along the lines of vertical seams between the bricks placed in the cassette, removable gaskets are installed, indicated in FIG. 4 by the eyes 16. The stiffening rib 17 on top of the cap 1 (cassette) is intended for its capture by some lifting mechanism. Two opposite side walls of the cap have slot windows 18 for the jaws 19 (FIG. 1) of the tick-borne grip.

The operation of the device begins with laying bricks in a column, the arrangement of bricks in each row of the cross section of which is determined by the wall thickness, the method of masonry and depends on the location of the cells in the grating 13. For example, the grating shown in Fig. 3 is designed for laying a wall 2.5 bricks in three rows, where one row is spoon (cell 14), and two are bonded (cell 15). At the same time, the rows during the laying process should be interchanged, turning the grate relative to the vertical axis. Since the location of the cells in the grate may necessarily be different, the number of interchangeable gratings is not limited, and for each particular case a new one is selected or manufactured that provides the most high-quality masonry, in particular due to optimal dressing of the seams. After a column of bricks corresponding in height to the height of the cassette is laid on the preparatory site, the grate 13 is removed, cap 1 is put on the column, and grate 13 is not involved in the further masonry process (the grate is an autonomous unit in the equipment).

Then, on both sides of the wall being erected, templates 8 are fastened, which simultaneously serve as rails for the support rollers 7 of the hopper 6. Then, with a lifting device (for example, a standard construction crane), the hopper is installed by rollers 7 on the template rails 8 and rolled along them along the masonry 3, while rotating with a drive from the rollers 7, the screw 9 distributes the solution on the surface of the masonry 3, filling the vertical joints between the bricks. The amount of solution coming from the hopper 6 is regulated by the handle 10.

Since the patterns 8 have ribs 11 and 12, which coincide in the step and direction with the gaps between the bricks of the masonry, then squeezing it on both sides, the ribs of the patterns, firstly, prevent the outflow of the solution and, secondly, their effect replaces such finishing operation, as "expansion".

After applying the solution to the surface of the masonry 3, the crane lifts the cassette 1 filled with bricks with a tick grab and transfers it to the surface of the wall 3, while the jaws 19 of the grip 5, entering the windows 18, hold the cassette 1 with the brick behind the SECOND row of bricks from the bottom of the cassette, and in the cassette raised by the crane, an empty space is formed from below, equal in height to the thickness of one row of masonry. Therefore, when the grab 5 releases the cassette transferred to the masonry place, the brick pillar (column) inside the cassette itself, which is completely lowered all the way to the surface of the masonry 3, is also freed from the grab, and the row of bricks, previously the second, now becomes the first. Therefore, the next time the tick-borne grip acts on the cassette, he will again lift it by the second row of bricks, leaving the first on the wall 3, etc. until the cassette is released.

Claims (2)

1. Equipment for erecting brick walls, containing a cassette filled by a brick to be laid, a conductive grate, the cells of which correspond to standard brick sizes and are arranged in an order corresponding to the row laid in the wall, a tick grip acting on the brick placed in the cassette, and contacting with bins for binder mortar with a device for filling vertical joints in masonry with it, characterized in that the grid-conductor is autonomous, the tick-borne grip acts on and the second row from the bottom of the cassette has a series of bricks, and the device for filling vertical joints contains forcibly mounted a screw mounted at its exit, rotationally rotating with the translational movement of the hopper, oriented across the direction of the masonry. 2. Equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the surfaces of the templates in contact with the masonry have ribs, the direction and the pitch between which correspond to the direction and the pitch between the bricks laid in the wall.