RU79587U1 - ROOF FRAME ATTIC - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of construction, namely to supporting structures of the coating and can be used, for example, in the reconstruction of existing buildings and the construction of new ones with an attic floor superstructure.

The rafter frame is intended for the construction of attics on buildings with brick or wooden outer walls and contains, according to the first example of execution, the load-bearing elements of the crossbar (1) and the racks (2), which are joined end-to-end, which form the outer and inner contours of the frame, while the inner contour of the rafter frame repeats the configuration of the external circuit and is similar to it. In the frame, the bearing elements of the crossbar (1) from the ridge have a gentle angle of inclination, and the bearing elements of the posts (2) below the joints with the crossbar (1) have a steep angle of inclination and are supported on the outer walls of the building above the floor level. Bearing elements of the crossbar (1) and struts (2) are made of solid section boards and patch plates (3) and (5) of the same geometric shape are installed on their ridge and butt joints, which are pulled together by threaded rods (4), and in the bearing points Rack elements (2) on the external walls of the building are installed mounting corners (8), which are attached to the Mauerlat (6) through a layer of roofing material (7) using capercaillie (9). The proposed attic rafter frame allows us to simplify the design of load-bearing elements and joints, reduce their number and sizes, unify the shape and dimensions of connecting patch plates and mounting corners, facilitate the manufacture of the frame, and increase the strength and reliability of joints and fastenings of support nodes. 15 s.p. f-ly, 13 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction, namely to supporting structures of the coating and can be used, for example, in the reconstruction of existing buildings and the construction of new ones with an attic floor superstructure.

The rafter structure of the attic roof is known, containing two chevron-shaped panels, on the lower surface of which stiffening ribs are made in the form of rafter legs with a kink. In the ridge, the panels are installed end-to-end and connected at the corners by connecting elements. The upper part of the panels extending from the ridge has a gentle angle of inclination, and the lower part of the panels located below the kink has a steep angle of inclination. In the lower part of the panel, they are supported on the external walls of the building and are attached in the corners to the upper strapping beam of the walls with metal anchors [patent JP 11093318, publ. 04/06/1999]. The disadvantages of the known rafter structure are the bulky design of the chevron-shaped panels, their inconvenient configuration and quite a lot of weight, which requires special mounting equipment and lifting equipment for installing the panels.

Also, a rafter frame of the attic is known, containing two rafter legs with a kink, in which the upper part coming from the ridge has a gentle angle of inclination, and the lower part located below the kink has a steep angle of inclination. Together they form the outer contour of the rafter frame. Inside the frame, in the place of breaking of the rafter legs, vertical racks are installed, on which a horizontal tightening rests. Together, they form an inner rectangular contour of the rafter frame, which is smaller than the outer contour and differs from it in configuration. The joints of the rafters in the ridge, as well as at the fracture between the upper and lower parts of the rafter legs, are made end to end, for which their ends are sawn into a corner and patch plates in the form of scarves cut from thick multilayer plywood are installed on them [http: //www.vasha -stroika.ru/st_kd_38.html], or wooden linings from pieces of boards with sawn corners [http://www.domabani.ru/mansarda.php]. Overhead plates and / or wooden plates are fixed to the nodal joints of the rafter frame with nails. In the supporting part, the ends of the rafters are also cut to the corner and supported on the lower external wall structures: in the stone structure on the Mauerlat, and in the wooden structure on the upper strapping beam. The disadvantages of the known rafter frame are the complex nodes of the rafters with racks and horizontal tightening due to the concentration of a large number of elements in one

junction, which complicates the manufacture of the frame, as well as the low strength of the nodal joints.

As a prototype, a rafter frame for the manufacture of attics was adopted, containing load-bearing elements of a crossbar made in the form of a truss truss assembled from two symmetrically located semi-trusses with upper belts inclined from the ridge, and trellised racks consisting of internal vertical bars and external diagonally located bars, interconnected by spacer bars and mounted on supporting bars. The inclined upper girdle of the farm, having a gentle angle of inclination from the ridge, and the outer diagonally located bars of the lattice racks having a steep angle of inclination, form the outer contour of the frame frame, in which the diagonally located bars rest on the parapet of the outer walls of the building above the floor level. The horizontal lower belt of the truss and the internal vertical bars of the lattice racks form an internal rectangular contour of the frame, which is smaller than the outer contour and differs from it in configuration. The connection of the two semi-farms is made in the middle of the frame span using profiled linings and bolts. The joints of the truss truss with the lower lattice racks are made using patch plates in the form of kerchiefs of various shapes, nailed, and the joining of the bars of the lattice racks to each other is made using rectangular patch plates, also nailed. The fastening of the inner vertical bars to the floor and the diagonal outer bars to the parapet of the outer wall, resting on the supporting bars, are made using angles, the vertical shelves of which are attached to the bars of the trellised racks with nails, and the horizontal shelves are attached to the ceiling and the parapet using anchors [ Patent RO 120858, publ. 08/30/2006]. The disadvantages of the known frames are the bulky design of truss trusses and trellised racks containing an unreasonably large number of bars and connecting plates of various shapes and sizes, the complex connection of trusses with racks and their bars between them due to the concentration of a large number of structural elements in one joint, which complicates the manufacture of frame frames, low strength joints of the bars and fastenings of the support nodes.

The technical problem for which a useful model is proposed is to simplify the design of the rafter frame and the nodes of the joints of the supporting elements between it, to reduce their number and sizes to a reasonable minimum, to unify the shape and dimensions of the connecting patch plates and

mounting corners, which will facilitate the manufacture of individual elements and the assembly of the entire frame structure, increasing the strength and reliability of the joints of the supporting elements and fastenings of the support nodes.

The specified technical problem is solved by the proposed attic rafter frame, which contains the load-bearing elements of the crossbar and racks joined together, forming the external and internal contours of the frame, in which the load-bearing elements of the crossbar from the ridge have a gentle angle of inclination, and the bearing elements of the racks below the joints with the crossbar have a steep angle of inclination and supported on the external walls of the building above the floor level, while on the ridge connection of the supporting elements of the crossbar and on the butt joints of the bearing elements of the crossbar and racks mounted plates And in areas of supporting the load-bearing elements of racks on the exterior walls of the building are installed mounting brackets. What is new is that the inner contour of the rafter frame repeats the configuration of the outer contour and is similar to it, the supporting elements of the crossbar and racks are made of solid section, connected in the ridge and between themselves by patch plates of the same geometric shape, which are pulled together by threaded rods. The ridge connection of the crossbar supporting elements to each other and the butt joints of the crossbar bearing elements with the uprights can be made end-to-end, while the ridge connection may contain the crossbar supporting elements joined by the upper ends, no more than two connecting patch plates can be installed on the sides of the ridge connection, which can be tightened together by no more than six threaded rods, and the butt joints between the crossbar and the uprights can contain load-bearing joints joined by lower ends crossbar elements with the upper ends of the supporting elements of the racks, on the sides of each connection can be installed no more than two connecting patch plates, which can be pulled together by no more than six threaded rods. When connected end-to-end, the rafter frame will have sufficient rigidity in its plane if its supporting elements are interconnected by patch plates of a pentagonal shape. The ridge connection of the crossbar supporting elements to each other and the butt joints of the crossbar bearing elements with the racks can be overlapped, while the ridge connection may contain latch bearing elements combined with the upper ends of the lap, no more than two reinforcing patch plates can be installed on the sides of the ridge connection, which can be pulled together by at least three threaded rods, and the butt joints between the crossbar and the uprights can contain overlapping lower ends St bearing elements of the crossbar with the upper ends of the bearing elements of the racks, on the sides of each butt joint

no more than two reinforcing patch plates can be installed, which can be pulled together by at least three threaded rods. When overlapping, the rafter frame is compact if the supporting elements are reinforced with diamond-shaped patch plates. To ensure the necessary strength of the butt joints, it is better if the supporting elements of the crossbar and racks, connected end-to-end or with an overlap, are joined and reinforced by overhead plates made of metal. The supporting elements of the racks can be supported on the external walls of the structure made of stone. The fastening will be reliable if each bearing unit on the stone wall of the building will contain the lower end of the rack supporting element with a notch supported by the Mauerlat, no more than two fixing corners will be installed on the sides of the supporting part of each rack supporting element, the vertical shelves of which covering the lower supporting part the pillar support element will be pulled together by at least two threaded rods, and the horizontal shelves of the mounting corners, supported by the Mauerlat, will be attached to it at least one they grouse. The supporting elements of the racks can be supported on the exterior walls of the structure made of wood. The fastening will also be reliable if each bearing unit on the wooden wall of the building contains the lower end of the rack supporting element with a notch resting on the upper strapping beam of the wooden wall, on the sides of the supporting part of each rack supporting element no more than two fixing corners will be installed, the vertical shelves of which covering the lower supporting part of the rack bearing element will be pulled together by at least two threaded rods, and the horizontal shelves of the mounting corners, resting on the strapping Rus, will be attached to it by at least one capercaillie. The lower supporting ends of the supporting elements of the racks can be attached to the outer walls with the help of fixing angles made of metal. The supporting frame elements will be better protected if the lower ends of the supporting elements of the racks are made outside the exterior walls of the building.

The proposed utility model is illustrated by graphic materials. Figure 1 shows a General view of the wooden frame of the attic mounted on the stone walls of the building, Figure 2 shows the ridge connection end-to-end, Figure 3 shows a side view of the ridge connection end-to-end, Figure 4 shows the connection assembly end-to-end of the crossbar and the rack , FIG. 5 shows a side view of the joint end-to-end of the crossbar and the strut, FIG. 6 shows the support unit on the stone wall, FIG. 7 shows a side view of the support unit on the stone wall, FIG. 8 shows a general view of the wooden attic frame, mounted on wooden walls of a building , Fig.9 shows the ridge site

lap joint, FIG. 10 shows a side view of the ridge overlap assembly, FIG. 11 shows the lap joint of the crossbar and the strut, FIG. 12 shows a side view of the lap joint of the crossbar and the strut, FIG. 13 shows the support unit on the wooden the wall, in Fig.14 shows a side view of the site of support on a wooden wall.

The utility model is illustrated by two examples of the concrete implementation of the attic rafter frame, where according to the first example, the ridge connection of the supporting elements of the crossbar to each other and the butt joints of the supporting elements of the crossbar and the posts are made end to end, and according to the second example, they are overlapped. In both examples, the rafter frames are intended for the construction of attics on buildings with brick or wooden exterior walls, the distance between which is 5.8 m.

Example 1. The wooden rafter frame of the attic contains docked load-bearing elements of the crossbar 1 and racks 2, made of single edged boards of conifers of a solid cross section of 50 mm × 200 mm, impregnated with a flame retardant (see figure 1). The length of the crossbar 1 element is 2.0 m, and the length of the rack 2 is 2.3 m. When assembled, the elements of the crossbar 1 and the rack 2 form the external and internal contours of the frame, where the inner circuit is not cluttered with internal vertical struts and / or horizontal puffs, repeats the configuration of the external circuit and is similar to it. The elements of the crossbar 1 from the ridge are inclined hollow and are located relative to the horizon line at an angle of 30 °, and the posts 2 below the joints with the elements of the crossbar 1 are inclined steeply and are located relative to the horizon line at an angle of 60 °. In the ridge connection, the upper ends of the elements of the crossbar 1 are cut to an angle of 60 °, joined together end to end with the formation of a total ridge angle of 120 °. On both sides of the ridge connection superimposed steel connecting plates 3 are 8 mm thick, having the shape of a pentagon, in which the upper sides have the same length of 300 mm and form an angle of 120 °, which coincides with the total ridge angle of the joined upper ends of the crossbar elements 1 (see Fig. 2). In steel plates 3, six отверст 12.1 mm holes were drilled, which are staggered. Through holes in one of the plates 3 used as a template, through holes are marked and drilled in the ridge connection of the joined elements of the crossbar 1. Six threaded rods 4 with an M12 thread, 80 mm long, are installed in the holes, and M12 hex nuts are screwed on both ends. by which the plates 3 covering the ridge connection are crimped with a wrench (not shown). In the butt joints of the crossbar 1 with the struts 2, the lower ends of the elements of the crossbar 1 and the upper ends of the struts 2 are sawn through an angle of 75 °, joined together end to end with the formation of a total connecting angle of 150 °. On both sides of each butt joint

superimposed two steel connecting plates 5 with a thickness of 8 mm, having the shape of a pentagon, in which the upper sides have the same length of 300 mm and form an angle of 150 °, which coincides with the total mating angle of the joined lower ends of the elements of the crossbar 1 and the upper ends of the uprights 2 (see Fig. four). In the steel plates 5, six ⌀ 12.1 mm holes were drilled, which are staggered. Through holes in one of the plates 5 used as a template, through holes in the butt joints of the joined elements of the crossbar 1 and the stand 2 are marked and drilled. Six threaded rods 4 with an M12 thread, 80 mm long, are installed in the holes, hex nuts are screwed on both ends M12, by which the plates 5 covering each butt joint are crimped using a wrench (not shown). In the nodes of abutment on the outer brick walls of the building, the lower ends of the uprights 2 contain corner cuttings located at a distance of 550 mm from the ends. Using the notches of the rack 2 by 120 mm, they go onto the horizontal surfaces of the Mauerlat 6 and rely on them at an angle of 60 °, while their ends protrude 550 mm outside the brick walls of the building (see Fig. 6). Mauerlat 6 are made of coniferous timber with a cross section of 150 mm × 150 mm, impregnated with an antiseptic, are located above the floor and are attached through a layer of roofing material 7 with anchors (not shown) to the brickwork of the outer walls. On the wide sides of each lower supporting end of the rack 2, two mounting rolling corners 8 are installed with a width of 120 mm and a section of 140 × 90 × 8. Two ⌀ 12.1 mm holes were drilled in the vertical flanges of corners 8, into which two threaded rods 4 with M12 thread, 80 mm long were installed, and M12 hex nuts were screwed on both ends of them, with which vertical flanges of corners 8 covering the supporting end of the rack 2, crimped with a wrench (not shown). In the horizontal shelves of corners 8, resting through a layer of roofing material 7 on the Mauerlat 6, one central hole ⌀ 20.1 mm is drilled, into which a capercaillie ⌀ 20 mm with a hexagon head 9, 120 mm long, is installed and screwed into a wooden Mauerlat beam 6 using wrench (not shown).

Example 2. As in the first example, the wooden rafter frame of the attic contains the load-bearing elements of the crossbar 10 and the racks 11 joined together, made of single edged boards of coniferous solid section 50 mm × 200 mm, impregnated with a flame retardant (see Fig. 8). The length of the crossbar element 10, taking into account the overlap, is 2.5 m, and the length of the strut 11 is 2.8 m. When assembled, the elements of the crossbar 10 and the strut 11 form the external and internal contours of the frame, where the internal circuit is not cluttered with internal vertical struts and / or horizontal puffs repeats the configuration of the external circuit and is similar to it. Elements of the crossbar 10 from the ridge

inclined hollow and are located relative to the horizon at an angle of 30 °, and the racks 11 below the joints with the elements of the crossbar 10 are inclined steeply and are located relative to the horizon at an angle of 60 °. In the ridge connection, the upper ends of the elements of the crossbar 10 are sawn through an angle of 120 °, aligned with the ends overlapping with each other with the formation of a ridge angle of 120 ° (see Fig. 9). On both sides of the ridge connection superimposed steel reinforcing plates 12 with a thickness of 8 mm, having a diamond shape, in which the two upper sides have a length of 230 mm and form an angle of 120 °, which coincides with the ridge angle of the overlapped upper ends of the bolts 10. In the steel plates 12 three ⌀ 12.1 mm holes drilled in the corners. Through the holes of one of the plates 12 used as a template, through holes are marked and drilled in the ridge connection of the latch elements of the crossbar 10. Three threaded rods 13 with an M12 thread, 130 mm long, are installed in the holes, and M12 hex nuts are screwed on both ends. with which the plates 12 covering the ridge connection are crimped with a wrench (not shown). In the butt joints of the crossbar 10 with the struts 11, the lower ends of the elements of the crossbar 10 and the upper ends of the struts 11 are sawn off at an angle of 150 °, overlapped with each other with the formation of a connecting angle of 150 ° (see Fig. 11). On both sides of each butt joint, two steel reinforcing plates 14 with a thickness of 8 mm are laid, having a diamond shape in which the two upper sides have the same length of 270 mm and form an angle of 150 °, which coincides with the connecting angle of the lower ends of the crossbar 10 and the upper joined the ends of the struts 11. In the steel plates 14 three holes ⌀ 12.1 mm are drilled, located in the corners. Through the holes of one of the plates 14 used as a template, through holes are marked and drilled in the butt joints of the lapped elements of the crossbar 10 and the rack 11. Three threaded rods 13 with an M12 thread, 130 mm long, are installed in the holes, hexagonal screws are screwed on both ends M12 nuts, with which the plates 14 covering each butt joint are crimped using a wrench (not shown). In the nodes of abutment on the outer wooden walls of the building, the lower ends of the uprights 11 contain angular cuttings located at a distance of 550 mm from its ends. Using the notches of the rack 11 by 120 mm, they go on the horizontal surfaces of the upper strapping bars 15 and lean at them at an angle of 60 °, while their ends protrude 550 mm outside the brick walls of the building (see Fig. 13). The upper strapping boards 15 are made of coniferous timber with a section of 150 mm × 150 mm, impregnated with an antiseptic, and are located above the floor. Two fasteners are installed on both sides of each lower supporting end of the rack 11

rolling angle 16 with a width of 120 mm and a section of 140 × 90 × 8. Two ⌀ 12.1 mm holes were drilled in the vertical shelves of the corners 16, into which two threaded rods 13 with M12 thread, 80 mm long were installed, and M12 hex nuts were screwed on both ends of them, with which the vertical shelves of the corners 16 covering the supporting end of the rack 11 are crimped using a wrench (not shown). In the horizontal shelves of the corners 16, resting on the upper strapping beam 15 through a layer of roofing material 17, one central hole ⌀ 20.1 mm is drilled, in which a wood grouse ⌀ 20 mm with a hexagonal head 18, 120 mm long, is installed and screwed into the upper strapping beam 15 using a wrench (not shown).

Claims (16)

1. The rafter frame of the attic, containing the load-bearing elements of the crossbar and racks joined together, forming the external and internal contours of the frame, in which the bearing elements of the crossbar from the ridge have a gentle angle of inclination, and the bearing elements of the racks below the joints with the crossbar have a steep angle of inclination and are supported by the external walls of the building are higher than the floor level, while on the ridge connection of the supporting elements of the crossbar and on the butt joints of the supporting elements of the crossbar and racks, patch plates are installed, and in places where the supporting elements of the racks support rip building wall installed mounting brackets, characterized in that the inner contour of truss frame repeats outer loop configuration and is similar to it, the supporting elements and a crossbar struts are made of solid section, connected in between a ridge and cover plates of the same geometrical shape, which are tightened by threaded studs. 2. The frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the ridge connection of the supporting elements of the crossbar and the butt joints of the bearing elements of the crossbar with the posts are made end to end. 3. The frame according to claim 2, characterized in that the ridge connection contains supporting elements of the crossbar docked with the upper ends, no more than two connecting patch plates are installed on the sides of the ridge connection, tightened together by no more than six threaded rods. 4. The frame according to claim 2, characterized in that the butt joints between the crossbar and the uprights comprise the support elements of the crossbar docked with the lower ends and the upper ends of the support elements of the uprights, on the sides of each butt connection there are no more than two connecting patch plates tightened together no more than like six threaded studs. 5. The frame according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the supporting elements are connected by patch plates of a pentagonal shape. 6. The frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the ridge connection of the supporting elements of the crossbar and the butt joints of the bearing elements of the crossbar with the posts are overlapped. 7. The frame according to claim 6, characterized in that the ridge connection contains overlapping load-bearing elements of the crossbar, at the sides of the ridge connection there are no more than two reinforcing patch plates, tightened together by at least three threaded rods. 8. The frame according to claim 6, characterized in that the butt joints between the crossbar and the uprights comprise latching bearing elements of the crossbar aligned with the lower ends and the upper ends of the strut bearing elements, no more than two reinforcing patch plates are installed on the sides of each butt connection, not tightened together less than three threaded rods. 9. The frame according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the connections of the supporting elements are reinforced by patch plates of a rhomboid shape. 10. The frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting elements of the crossbar and racks are connected and reinforced with metal overhead plates. 11. The frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting elements of the racks are supported on the outer stone walls of the building. 12. The frame according to claim 11, characterized in that each bearing unit on the stone wall of the structure contains the lower end of the rack bearing element with a notch supported by the Mauerlat, on the sides of each supporting end of the bearing element no more than two mounting corners are installed, the vertical shelves of which covering the supporting end of the support element of the rack, are pulled together by at least two threaded rods, and the horizontal shelves of the mounting corners, supported by the Mauerlat, are attached to it by at least one capercaillie. 13. The frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting elements of the racks are supported on the outer wooden walls of the building. 14. The frame according to item 13, wherein each node supporting the wooden wall of the structure contains the lower end of the support element of the rack with a notch supported on the upper strapping of the wall, no more than two mounting corners are installed on the sides of each supporting end of the support element, vertical the shelves of which, covering the supporting end of the support element of the rack, are pulled together by at least two threaded rods, and the horizontal shelves of the mounting corners, resting on the tie bar, are attached to it by at least one capercaillie. 15. The frame according to item 12 or 14, characterized in that the lower supporting ends of the supporting elements of the racks are attached to the outer walls using metal mounting angles. 16. The frame according to item 12 or 14, characterized in that the lower ends of the supporting elements of the racks are made outside the outer walls of the structure.