RU75854U1 - GAS GENERATOR OF THE REVERSED GASIFICATION PROCESS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the thermal processing of solid fuels: wood, peat, brown coal, etc. into combustible gas. The technical result consists in improving the quality of the produced generator gas due to the removal of moisture from it, in increasing the efficiency due to a more complete use of the heat of the generator gas for heating the air supplied to the tuyeres of the gasification chamber, in increasing the performance of the gasifier. To achieve a technical result, a gasifier for the reversed gasification process, comprising a housing in which a fuel hopper with a loading hatch and a gasification chamber made of heat-conducting material, with collet fastening lances and an air cooling jacket with a set of leveling profiled plates, the outer wall of which is equidistant the gasification chamber is equipped with a cylindrical air pumping chamber located coaxially inside the fuel hopper with convex yshkoy and bottom, nozzles and air supply outlet and the jacket with a perforated outer wall provided at the bottom of the siphon pipe condensate, wherein the pumping chamber exhaust air conduit is connected to the jacket cooling air gasification chamber. 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to energy-technological equipment, namely, devices for the thermal processing of solid fuel into combustible gas, and can be used to produce combustible generator gas from tar (tar) fuels: wood, peat, brown coal, etc.

Known gasifiers containing a housing in which a fuel hopper with a loading device, a gasification chamber with tuyeres, and an air heater chamber covering hot gas ducts in the region of the gasification chamber itself are located. In the lower part, gasifiers are equipped with a grate. / USSR Copyright Certificate No. 1357424, C10J 3/20, 1987, and USSR Copyright Certificate No. 1701731, C10J 3/20, 1991 /

The disadvantages of these gas generators are the bulkiness of the design and the unregulated removal of moisture from the fuel hopper during the processing of wet raw materials, which leads to the generation of generator gas of high humidity and reduced calorific value.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved technical result is a gasifier of the reversed gasification process, comprising a housing in which there is a gap with a fuel hopper with a loading hatch, a gasification chamber with tuyeres and an air-cooled jacket with a set of alignment profiled plates, the outer wall of which equidistantly covers the gasification chamber made of heat-conducting material, and the fastening of the tuyeres of air supply to the body of the gasification chamber is made collet. / RF patent No. 2074884, C10J 3/20, 1997 /

The disadvantages of the known gas generator are the lack of moisture removal from the fuel hopper when processing wet raw materials that enter the gasification chamber, which slows down the gasification process and reduces the calorific value of the produced gas; and also the incomplete implementation of the possibilities of using the heat of the generator gas to heat the air supplied to the tuyeres of the gasification chamber, which reduces the intensity of the gasification process and, as a result, the gas generator productivity.

The technical result from the use of the proposed utility model is to increase the calorific value of the generator gas due to

a decrease in its humidity due to the removal of moisture from the raw materials supplied to gasification, in an increase in the efficiency of the gas generator due to the rational use of the heat of the generator gas for heating the air supplied to the tuyeres of the gasification chamber, as well as in an increase in the gas generator productivity.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the gasifier is a reversed gasification process, comprising a housing in which a fuel hopper with a loading hatch and a gasification chamber made of heat-conducting material, with collet fasteners and an air cooling jacket with a set of leveling profiled plates are located with a gap, external the wall of which equidistantly covers the gasification chamber is equipped with a cylindrical air pumping chamber located coaxially inside the fuel hopper with a convex cover and a bottom, air supply and exhaust pipes and a jacket with a perforated outer wall provided with a siphon condensate drain pipe in the lower part, while the air discharge pipe of the pumping chamber is connected to the air cooling jacket of the gasification chamber.

And also due to the fact that the cover and bottom of the air pumping chamber are made conical.

Preferably, the air pumping chamber is mounted on brackets.

The drawing schematically shows a longitudinal section of a gas generator of the reversed gasification process.

A fuel hopper 2 with a loading hatch 3 and a gasification chamber 4 attached to it from below with gas feed lances 5, equipped with an air cooling jacket 6, the outer wall of which is equidistant to the surface of the casing of the gasification chamber 4, which is made of heat-conducting material, are located in the gas generator housing 1 with a gap. Inside the cooling jacket 6 there is a set of leveling plates 7. Below the gasification chamber 4 there is a grate 8. Inside the fuel hopper 2 along its axis (coaxially) on the brackets 9 there is a cylindrical air pumping chamber 10 with a convex bottom 11 and a cover 12, a shirt 13 with a perforated the outer wall 14 and the nozzles of the air supply 15 and the air outlet 16. In the lower part of the shirt 13 is installed a siphon pipe for condensate 17, the siphon of which is outside the housing 1. The pipe for air 16 exhaust and 10 is connected to the air-cooling jacket 6 gasification chamber 4.

In the drawing, the Roman numerals denote the flows: I - supply of atmospheric air; II - supply of heated air; III - exhaust gas; IV - condensate discharge; V - discharge of ash residue.

The supply of the fuel hopper 2 located in it coaxially with the air pumping chamber 10 allows you to create an annular space in the hopper 2, in which the source fuel is dried under the action of heat given by the generator gas to the wall of the fuel hopper 2 when passing through the gap between the gas generator housing 1 and the fuel hopper 2, with the simultaneous condensation of the vapors released during heating on the cooled wall of the air pumping chamber 10, previously passed through the perforated wall 14 of the shirt 13, with the last traveling by removing condensate from the jacket 13 through the siphon pipe 17. The siphon pipe 17 acts as a water seal, preventing the generation of gas (leakage into the jacket 13 may occur) outside the housing 1 into the environment.

The bottom 11 and the cover 12 of the air pumping chamber 10 are convex, and preferably conical, to ensure uniform distribution of the loaded fuel in the hopper 2.

The profiled plates 7 in the air cooling jacket 6 of the gasification chamber 4 make it possible to equalize heat and mass transfer in the gasification chamber - air cooling jacket system, as well as the passage of air through the tuyeres 5.

The inverse gasification process generator operates as follows.

Through the loading hatch 3, solid fuel is fed into the fuel hopper 2, in the annular gap of which, by means of a conical cover 12, the fuel layer is evenly distributed, and then under the influence of its own weight, the fuel is lowered into the gasification chamber 4. Into the air pumping chamber 10 through the air supply pipe 15 ( for example, by a fan (not shown in the drawing), the initial air I, which, passing through the chamber 10, is heated from its wall, is discharged from the chamber 10 through the exhaust pipe 16 and the already heated air II is sent to the air jacket cooling the ear 6 of the gasification chamber 4 where continues to be heated from the wall of the gasification chamber 4 made of a thermally conductive material such as steel. Heated air II is fed through tuyeres 5 into the gasification chamber 4, where it interacts with solid fuel - the process of gasification of fuel occurs. The resulting generator gas III

exits the gasification chamber 4, passes through the grate 8, rotates 180 ° and rises up the gap between the walls of the housing 1 and the fuel hopper 2, through the wall of which it gives part of the heat to the solid fuel located in the fuel hopper 2, heating it, and leaves from case 1.

When heating raw materials (solid fuels), especially wet ones, moisture vapors are released which penetrate through the holes of the perforated wall 11 of the jacket 13 of the air pumping chamber 10, where, in contact with its continuous wall cooled by the source air I, they condense. The resulting condensate IV is collected in a jacket 13 and is discharged through a siphon pipe 17. The air passing through the chamber 10 enters the air cooling jacket 6, where it is additionally heated both from the wall of the gasification chamber 4 and from the wall of the cooling jacket 6, which is heated flue gas III.

The ash residue V, passing through the grate 8, is periodically removed from the hatch in the lower part of the housing 1.

Thus, air I, having passed through chamber 10, is already partially heated to air II, and the latter, passing in an air-cooled jacket 6, continues to take heat from the wall of gasification chamber 4, equalizing and reducing temperature stresses in it, it is also heated in such state enters the tuyeres 5, contributing to the acceleration of gasification of fuel. The removal of moisture during the heating of the feedstock from the fuel hopper 2 helps to reduce energy costs for the gasification process and improves the quality of the generator gas.

Thus, the proposed design of the gas generator allows to increase the calorific value of the generator gas due to a decrease in its moisture, due to the removal of moisture from the raw materials supplied to gasification, to increase the efficiency of the gas generator due to the rational use of the heat of the generator gas to heat the gasification agent - air supplied to the camera lances gasification, as well as increase the productivity of the gas generator by accelerating the process of preheating the feedstock in the fuel tank, sun COROLLARY reduction being heated raw layer thickness in the annular fuel reservoir, which intensifies the gasification process.

Claims (3)

1. A gasifier for the reversed gasification process, comprising a housing in which a fuel hopper with a loading hatch and a gasification chamber made of heat-conducting material, with collet fastening lances and an air cooling jacket with a set of alignment profiled plates, the outer wall of which equidistantly covers the gasification chamber, are positioned with a gap characterized in that it is provided with a cylindrical air pumping chamber located with a convex lid and a bottom located coaxially inside the fuel hopper, air inlet and outlet nozzles and a jacket with a perforated outer wall provided at the bottom with a siphon condensate outlet pipe, while the air outlet pipe of the pumping chamber is connected to the air-cooling jacket of the gasification chamber. 2. The gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the lid and bottom of the air pumping chamber are conical. 3. The gas generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the air pumping chamber is mounted on brackets.