RU72819U1 - DEVICE FOR PRESSING FRUIT JUICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the food and canning industry and can be used to obtain natural juices from fruits in a farm, processing plants and at home. The essence of the invention is that in the device, the grinding of whole raw materials and squeezing the juice is carried out in one operation sequentially, the feed screw having a pitch of the first turn along the diameter of the loading neck, while the grills installed between the screws have grooves in the lower part for juice to flow from the section grinding to the pressing section.

Description

The invention relates to universal machines and apparatus for processing fruits and vegetables at a farm or in public catering establishments, as well as at home and can be used in the harvesting of agricultural products for winter storage and in the preparation of dishes for diet food that use freshly prepared juices and mashed potatoes.

Known screw pressing devices (extractors) of models 724-3; 724-3M and 822-3 for obtaining juices with pulp from fruits, vegetables and berries for catering, made in the form of replaceable equipment for a meat grinder or separately for working with universal drives with an engine power of 1.0-1.7 kW, with a capacity 50-80 kg / hour. (see Predtechensky N.A. Mechanical equipment of public catering enterprises. 2nd ed. M., OP.O.P. 1966. S.133-141).

With the good performance and versatility of such equipment, its disadvantages are that the screws of these extractors only press (compress) the feed material, which requires preliminary grinding or peeling, which clogs the nets, causing the need for frequent cleaning, reducing the productivity of devices and increasing loss of product, and the yield of juice with pulp (non-clarified juice) from the feedstock is 54-64% for pears and 58-64% for apples (see Collection of recipes for fruits and vegetables. / comp. MG Chukhrai. - St. Petersburg: GIORD 1999, p. 215).

It is also known as “Device for extracting juice from fruits and vegetables”, in which a fixed counter guard and a rotating chopping knife are installed between the feeding and pressing augers, which allow combining sequential grinding in one device

and pressing the product (see RF Patent No. 2162649, A23N 1/00, Publ. 10.02.2001. Bull. No. 4). With good quality pressing of juice from sliced or small fruits and berries, which are sent for chopping by the feeding screw, difficulties arise when applying for pressing whole apples and pears of hard varieties or their parts with the dimensions of the diameter of the loading neck, since due to the small pitch of the turns of the feeding screw, a serial meat grinder , large pieces and whole solid fruits, the size of the diameter of the loading neck, are not captured by the screw and are pushed by the feeding screw up the neck, violating the uniformity of the product supply to and grinding and pressing and reducing the productivity and quality of the device, which requires additional pressing efforts from top to bottom when feeding the product into the loading neck.

The objective of the invention is to develop, on the basis of existing technology, a universal screw-pressing device for extracting juice from whole apples, pears, hard varieties or from their large parts, and to minimize the time and effort required to prepare the product for processing with minimal refinement of existing devices available producers of raw materials and processors working in the conditions of a personal or farm economy with small volumes of various raw materials and without specialized equipment.

The problem is solved in that, using as a basic device commercially available equipment for public catering and the food industry or household food processors with screw working bodies, in particular meat grinders and pressing juicers, the first exciting coil is made in the feed screw of the device with a step of diameter loading neck ± 5 mm according to the conditions of the screw manufacturing technology, while the feeding screw has a replaceable shaft extension with a slot for installing and centering the pressing screw

and having a locking pin in the inner channel. The line for connecting the loading neck with the feeding chamber is made in the form of a cutting edge for the fed fruits or their parts, which allows such a feeding screw to capture whole solid apples, pears, or their large parts, having dimensions in diameter of the feeding neck, and pressing them evenly to chop them and further to pressing, without requiring additional pressing from top to bottom, accelerating the processing process, stabilizing the flow of the product, increasing the overall productivity and quality of the device.

The novelty of the proposed device is that, changing only the design of the feeding screw in the indicated parameters and the grinding mechanism, we obtain a significant (10-25%) increase in the productivity of the device for extracting juice from apples and pears due to the ability to process whole fruits or their large parts having dimensions on the diameter of the loading neck of the device, which also allows to reduce the time for preparing raw materials for processing and to reduce the loss of time and raw materials from additional cutting, cleaning and prepressing Niya at the product pitch.

The parameters of the proposed device in the form of an enlarged step of the first exciting turn of the feeding screw equal to the diameter of the loading neck ± 5 mm according to the manufacturing technology of the screw, as well as the shape of the shaft extension with a slot and a cutting edge in the neck of the housing, are determined in practice from the condition of stable gripping and feeding by the screw fruits or parts thereof, having the dimensions of the diameter of the loading neck, and ensuring uniformity of supply of the fruit without additional prepressing on the top of the neck and maintaining evenly pressing comp.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of a device for pressing juice from fruits, which includes a feeding screw 1 with an increased pitch and the height of the first exciting coil installed in the housing 6 and receiving rotation from the drive (not shown in the diagram).

At the output end, the feeding screw 1 has a shaft extension 2 with a slot on which the grill 4 and a removable knife 3 are mounted. The shaft extension passes through the grill 4. At the end of the shaft extension with a slot 2 protruding from the grill 4, a conical pressing screw 5 of the juicer is attached, with a fixing pin included in the hole 3 of the extension cord 2 located in the additional housing 7, having a removable filter mesh 8 and the spin controller 10 in the form of a screw. The large base of the pressing conical screw 5 is made in the form of a flat knife adjacent to the grate 4 and cleansing it of the product during operation. The housing 7 of the juicer is fixed to the main body with a union nut 9. The grill 4 is fixed in the housing 6 using a key in the upper part of the housing 6 (not shown in the diagram). In the lower part of the lattice 4, a groove is made for the juice to flow from the housing 6 into the additional housing 7 and then onto the replaceable filter mesh 8 of the juicer.

The device operates as follows. Using the components and parts of a screw meat grinder for a universal kitchen machine used in public catering, and a juice extractor, they assemble a device for extracting juice from fruits.

A new part of the device is the feed screw and shaft extension with a slot, and the pressing screw, housing and interchangeable grilles require mechanical refinement. For interchangeable gratings, grooves are made in the lower part for the flow of juice to the filter mesh.

Using the proposed screw, a shaft extension with a slot and modified parts, assemble the proposed device, and after checking at idle, proceed to obtain juice.

The fruits are fed into the loading funnel of the housing 6 of the working device as a whole, and large ones that do not pass into the neck are cut into pieces and receive natural juice with pulp at the outlet of the filter cartridge 8 and compressed waste (spin) at the outlet of the spin regulator 10. The quality and quantity of the obtained juice is regulated by the sizes of the replaceable filter mesh 8 and the spin regulator 10, as well as by the replaceable grill 4 and knife 3, having openings of different passage sections at the grill, and a different number of blades at the knife.

An experimental check of the proposed device for pressing juice from durum fruits without preliminary grinding of raw materials was carried out using a universal drive with a power consumption of 1000 watts, a meat grinder 622-2 (M-2) (grate diameter 82 mm., Neck diameter 65 mm.). Retrofitting was that in a new replaced feed screw of a meat grinder, made in the form of a welded structure, the first turn was made with a pitch of 65 mm, which is equal to the diameter of the loading neck, and the height of the turns is 25 mm. When assembling the device, a lattice, a knife with four blades (a lattice with grooves in the lower part for overflowing juice) were installed on the proposed extension shaft of the feed screw, and a juice extractor screw with a pin in the inner channel was installed on the end of the shaft extension protruding from the lattice and the structure was assembled according to the presented filter mesh circuit.

The test of the proposed device was carried out to obtain juice from apples and pears of summer varieties grown in collective gardens and at the Sverdlovsk selection gardening station (SSSS), in a research laboratory at the Department of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture of the Processing Faculty of the Ural State Agricultural Academy of Yekaterinburg.

Prepared (washed and peeled) fruits were fed into the device whole (with a diameter of 40-50 mm) or cut into pieces of 35-40

grams so that they freely pass into the loading neck of the device.

Example 1. Pears of the variety "Talitsa", solid with a fruit weight of 40-65 grams, rounded in shape and with a diameter of up to 55 mm. After washing and sorting, they were pressed as a whole or cut into 2 parts. The yield of juice with pulp 82.2%. Waste (extraction) amounted to 14.7% from the feedstock.

Pear variety "Zarechnaya". Yellow pear-shaped fruits with a fruit mass of 45 ÷ 120 grams and a diameter of 45-65 mm. Pressing was carried out as a whole or cut into 2-4 parts. The yield of juice with pulp is 79%, the extraction is 17.9%.

Pear. Variety "Fields" (control), greenish, pear-shaped, hard fruits with a mass of 40-65 grams and a diameter of 30-50 mm. Pressed in its entirety. The yield of juice with pulp is 83.8%, spin - 12.8%.

Example 2. Apples of the variety "Ural early". The diameter of the fruit is 30-40 mm. Weight 30-50 grams. When pressing in the proposed device, the yield of juice with pulp was 67.4%, spin - 27.6%.

Experimental batches of products by weight were 4-6 kg (plastic bucket), which confirms the performance, versatility and reliability of the proposed design.

Studies have shown that the proposed device for pressing juice from fruits and vegetables in one operation without preliminary grinding of raw materials is workable and technically feasible.

The introduction of the feeding screw with an increased pitch of the first turn, a removable chopping knife with a grate between the screws in combination with the refinement of the gratings and the installation of the pressing screw on an elongated shaft allows you to process fruit and vegetable raw materials in one operation, getting natural juice with pulp without first chopping the fruit. The process using the device is similar to obtaining juice in a two-stage pressing, but faster with less labor.

It has been established that the novelty is that to obtain juice by pressing from hard fruit varieties, preliminary grinding and purification of raw materials are not required, which extends the range of application of the device (universal kitchen machine) and reduces the time of obtaining juice, improving its quality, since the process is continuous in one operation without intermediate oxidation of the product from the contact of the prepared raw material with air.

An unobvious effect of the proposed device is that the device allows to increase the yield of juice with pulp from early pears to 79-83%, and from apples - up to 67% compared to regulated for pears - 54-64% and apples - 58-64%, which can give a significant economic and social effect, especially in small-scale production.

The proposed device for pressing juice from durum fruits without their preliminary grinding does not require large manufacturing costs and can be included in the kit for UKM or food processors. At the same time, the set should include interchangeable grilles with grooves for the flow of juice, and a new feed screw and shaft extension can be made additionally.

The proposed device can be used to expand the range of operations performed by food processors and universal drives in the conditions of personal or farm households, helping to efficiently and quickly process the grown fruit crop in personal or farm households.

Claims (2)

1. A device for pressing fruit juice, comprising a housing with a loading neck, sequentially installed feeding and pressing screws, grinding elements, a drive, a filter screen and an extraction tap with an extraction regulator, characterized in that the pitch of the first turn of the feeding screw is equal to the diameter of the loading neck. 2. The device for pressing fruit juice according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed screw has a removable shaft extension with a slot for installing and aligning the pressing screw with a fixing pin in the inner channel, while the upper edge of the product supply chamber is made with a cutting edge along the upper half of the perimeter.