RU71899U1 - THREE-PHASE ELECTRIC APPARATUS FOR DEMULSATION OF RAW OIL AND GAS CONDENSATE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Three-phase electric apparatus for demulsification of crude oil and gas condensate, which includes a horizontal tank with flame and chimneys, divided in length into heating and settling chambers with a feed inlet pipe and separate pipes for the purified oil, gas and water, overflow and distribution partitions and hydraulic distributors mounted on a distribution baffle under the electrodes of oil processing in a high voltage electric field, characterized in that the settling chamber p Cereal partition into two hollow half recess along the supernatant water: at half recesses - petroleum refining zone in the electric field and the half-chambers - supernatant water collection zone connected to the heating chamber bypass conduit of separated gas, having an adjustable hydraulic soprotivlenie.2. A three-phase electric apparatus for demulsifying crude oil and gas condensate according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic distributors along the upper generatrix are equipped with nozzles and an inclined collector for removing gas from the half-chamber — the oil treatment zone associated with the half-chamber — the collection zone for settling water. 3. A three-phase electric apparatus for demulsifying crude oil and gas condensate according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper part of the half-chamber - a zone for collecting sludge water, a vertical dropping hood with string separators for gas removal from drip entrainment is installed. 4. The three-phase electric apparatus for demulsifying crude oil and gas condensate according to claim 3, characterized in that the half-chamber - zone of sedimented water has a water outlet pipe with an oil film connected

Description

Golubovsky’s three-phase electric apparatus for the demulsification of crude oil and gas condensate, providing increased reliability of the operational impact on the electrical processing of crude oil and gas condensate in the high voltage field and increasing the depth of dehydration of hydrocarbons in the fields.

The invention relates to the production of petroleum engineering, where devices are prepared for dehydration of oil emulsions when heating crude oil.

The technical result of the invention is to streamline inside the apparatus of the spatial movement of the heated three-phase flow coming through pipelines from the wells, and to achieve increased reliability of the use of the electric field when applying high voltage.

It is known that an electric device, which includes a horizontal tank, divided by partitions and consisting of a heating chamber with flame and chimneys and a settling chamber. It is equipped in the settling chamber with electrode systems consisting of one or more trellised electrodes located at the outlet of the processed emulsion for processing commercial oil and gas condensate in a high voltage electric field. The settling chamber, as a rule, has separate branch pipes for the removal of purified oil, gas and water.

In accordance with US patent No. 6207032 (CL. 204/660) provides for the design of the electric device, when the electrodes are located in a settling chamber, collecting simultaneously all three phases into which the stream is divided

raw materials: gas, oil and water. Such a solution for an electric device with potential high voltage electrodes did not allow, under specific conditions, to provide optimal conditions for the reliability and safety of operation of electrical components and the apparatus as a whole. Particularly great difficulties were caused by solving the problems of suspension of potential elements of the electrode system on suspended insulators and the supply of high voltage to the electrodes from external power sources through bushing insulators. Difficulties in taking rational constructive steps were associated with the presence of an obligatory gas layer in the settling chamber - the “gas cushion”. The breakdown strength of the gaps between potential structural elements of the electric apparatus, as well as the current paths to the electrodes and the grounded case, turned out to be an order of magnitude lower than in cases of reliable filling of these gaps with oil. An electric device with a gas cushion required regular replacement of defective insulators.

A well-known step in creating the design of a reliable electric device was taken in US patent No. 3255571 (Cl. 204/563), where by placing the electrode system in a special box, representing a bell open at the bottom, into which a high voltage was applied. A complete removal of the danger of electrical breakdowns in gas failed, because The “gas cushion” remained throughout the entire horizontal capacity of the electric apparatus, including in a box with a potential electrode.

The most successful solution to the issue of breakdown in the "gas cushion" is proposed in US patent No. 3401501 (Cl. 204/563). However, the patent does not consider a horizontal electric apparatus for three-phase separation of crude oil, but a vertical emulsion separator of a column type. The location of the oil outlet point a few meters above the gas outlet level, as a necessary consequence, implies a shift in oil degassing to

such a three-phase separator in the zone of placement of the electrode system, and the flotation of water droplets with a large number of gas bubbles caused a decrease in the achieved oil quality.

Thus, a new approach is required to create the design of an electric apparatus for demulsification of crude oil and gas condensate, which provides increased reliability of the operational impact on the electrical processing of crude oil and gas condensate in a high voltage field and an increase in the depth of dehydration of hydrocarbons in the fields.

To process emulsions of crude oil and gas condensate in a heated electric apparatus, a special approach to the method of organizing and controlling levels, especially the “gas cushion”, is required for three-phase separation in a horizontally partitioned apparatus. In particular, the creation of a design and optimization of design parameters is required due to the inclusion of one or two new sectional partitions in the design, which would free the entire design of the electrical apparatus from the above-mentioned disadvantages.

Summary of the invention.

An object of the present invention is to solve the problem described above, which is ultimately associated with a gas cushion and the position of the oil-water interface in a settling chamber containing a zone of electrodes for processing a hydrocarbon stream in a high voltage electric field. The quality of work of a three-phase electric device as a whole is considered collectively on the way to increasing the reliability of the suspension of potential elements of the electrode system and the elements of supplying current to the device, as well as the efficiency of using the electric field with a stable supply of high voltage to the electrodes.

This and other tasks, which will be understood from the following description of the invention, are solved by applying for the three-phase separation of the design of the electric apparatus with a settling chamber divided by a blank partition into two half-cameras along the horizontal movement of the settled water through the apparatus, and using a bypass pipe of separated gas from the heating chamber during the newly formed chamber of the settling part for water having an adjustable hydraulic resistance.

Preferably, in the electric apparatus equipped with an additional partition there are pipes and pipelines for the controlled transfer of the settled water from the heating chamber and from the sub-electrode zone to the newly formed chamber of the water settling part.

In other embodiments of the invention stipulates the presence of special structural elements of the electric device to control the position of the levels of liquids in it, including use of a special pump installed in the immediate vicinity of the tank body.

The invention and many of its advantages will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and diagrams, which show all structural designs.

Figure 1. - depicts a three-phase Golubovsky electric apparatus for demulsification of crude oil and gas condensate.

Figure 2. - depicts a three-phase electric device with an oil film return pump from the surface of the settled water.

Figure 3. - depicts a three-phase Golubovsky electrical apparatus according to figures 1 and 2 with a centralized control point and water bypass between the chambers.

Figure 4. - Section AA from figure 3.

Figure 5. - The flow pattern in the three-phase Golubovsky electrical apparatus of Fig. 1 (poster) with the location of the volume zones of gas, oil and water accumulation.

6. - depicts a diagram of the placement of charges in the electric device when applying power to the potential electrode.

Description of preferred design.

Figure 1 clearly shows that in the general case, the Golubovsky three-phase electric apparatus for demulsification of crude oil and gas condensate is a horizontal tank 1 with flame tubes and chimneys 2-3, divided along the length of the heating 4 and settling chamber 5 with a raw material input pipe 6 and pipes for separate removal of refined oil 7, gas 8 and water 9, overflow and distribution 10-11 partitions and hydraulic distributors 12, mounted on the distribution partition 11 under the electrodes 13, intended for processing oil reflux in a high voltage electric field. The settling chamber 5 is divided by a blank partition 14 into two half-chambers along the course of the settled water: a half-chamber — the zone for oil purification in the electric field 15 and a half-chamber — the zone for collecting the settled water 16, connected to the heating chamber 4 by the separated gas bypass pipe 17 having an adjustable hydraulic resistance 18 .

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of an electric apparatus, where the hydraulic distributors 12 along the upper generatrix are equipped with nozzles 19 and an inclined manifold 20 for discharging gas from the half-chamber-oil treatment zone 15, connected with the half-chamber-zone for collecting settled water 16. In the upper part of the half-chamber zone collecting sludge water 16 installed a vertical cap-drop eliminator 21 with string separators 22 for cleaning gas from

drip entrainment. Each inclined collector 20 is equipped with a vertical riser 23, ending at the level of input of the bypass pipe 17 into the cap-drop eliminator 21.

Figure 2 also shows that the half-chamber-zone of the settled water 16 has a water outlet pipe with an oil film 24 connected to the internal volume of the riser of the oil film 25. To return the oil film from the half-chamber-zone of collection of the settled water, the distribution manifolds 12 are equipped with internal collectors 26, and the appliance itself is equipped with a special pump 27 installed in the immediate vicinity of the appliance body. The piping of the pump 27 is designed in such a way that, in addition to the direct supply of the return water stream with an oil film, it is possible to heat the stream, for which a built-in heat exchanger 28 is installed on the chimney 3.

The potential electrode 13 in the half-chamber zone of oil purification in the electric field 15 is mounted on the suspension insulators 29 and receives power supply by a high voltage current from the transformer source 30 through the bushing 31.

Figure 3 shows a three-phase Golubovsky electric apparatus, described in figures 1 and 2, with a strapping of external outgoing pipelines from the rear bottom when placing a centralized control unit on it. A half-chamber for collecting the settled water 16 is connected to the heating chamber 4 by an internal bypass pipe of the separated gas 17 having an external adjustable hydraulic resistance 18 and a return pipe 32 ending in a drop eliminator 21. The hydraulic distributors 12 are equipped with nozzles 19 and an inclined manifold 20 for venting gas from half-chambers of oil refining zone 15, connected, as an option, with a heating chamber 4. Each inclined collector

equipped with a vertical riser 23, ending above the oil level in the heating chamber 4.

A three-phase electric device, in addition to small-sized transfer openings 33 and nozzles 34 in the partitions 10-11 and 14, has nozzles 35 and a pipe 36 for controlled transfer of the settled water from the heating chamber 4 to the half-chamber zone of the settled water 16.

Figure 4 shows a cross section of the electric apparatus AA from figure 3 located in the half-oil treatment zone 15. The electrode system is represented by a potential electrode 13 mounted on pendant insulators 29, as well as a grounded electrode in the form of a grating filling the window in a horizontal plate 37.

An electric device for demulsification of crude oil and gas condensate works as follows.

As is clearly shown in the diagram of Fig. 5, corresponding to the considered drawings, the initial emulsion of crude oil or gas condensate enters the inside of the housing 1 through the nozzle 6 directly into the heating chamber 4 and fills the entire horizontal apparatus, flowing into subsequent chambers and zones through openings in the partitions 33 and 34.

The device operates continuously, dividing the incoming stream into three components: gas, oil and water. Three-phase separation begins when raw materials enter the apparatus. In the heating chamber 4, the flame tubes 2 provide heating of the liquid phase by 30 ... 50 ° C, as a result of which the gas released from the liquid is added to the gas phase coming from the pipe 6 as a result of a decrease in its solubility when the flow temperature rises and the pressure decreases compared to the pressure in the supply pipe.

At the same time, the initial separation of the liquid into oil and water takes place in the heating chamber, and the mineralized formation water settles in the lower part of the chamber 4 due to the increased specific gravity.

The heated oil emulsion, as it enters the apparatus, is poured through the drain baffle 10 and, under the pressure of the hydraulic column of liquid and the pressure of the gas (stream) supplied with the feed through the pipe 6, flows into the settling chamber for separating water and oil 5.

The flow of the emulsion from the heating chamber 4 to the chamber 5 is directed by holes in the blind partition 11, at the entrance to which coalescing nozzle blocks are installed and to which the distribution manifolds are adjacent 12. The settling chamber 5 is divided by the blind partition 14 into two zones 15 and 16, spaced horizontally. The first is intended for the electric treatment of the emulsion and the production of marketable oil discharged through pipeline 7, and the second for the collection and final sludge of mineralized water deposited in the heating chamber 4 and during the destruction of the oil-water emulsion in the process of obtaining purified oil in zone 15. To withdraw the water produced as a result of a three-phase separation of the production of wells, there is a pipe 9.

On the upper generatrix of the apparatus body in the zone 16 for collecting and settling mineralized water, a cap-droplet eliminator 21 is installed, from which purified gas is discharged through the nozzle 8. The location of the oil and water levels in all zones of the apparatus is indicated by ### U8628. Of particular note is the water level located in zone 16 and located in the drop catcher cap. Above this level, gas from the chamber 4 enters the cap. The hydraulic resistance of the bypass gas pipe 17 and the valve 18 on it determines not only the high position of the water level in the zone of water sludge 16, but also simultaneously guarantees the absence of a gas cushion in zone 15, because the upper oil level here should be located above the water level in zone 16.

The absence of a gas cushion in the zone for producing pure oil 15 is the main objective of the present invention, because Golubovsky’s three-phase electric apparatus is designed to achieve the desired depth of oil dehydration using the emulsion destruction method known in the art in

high voltage electric field (F. Gray. Oil production., M. OLIMP-BUSINESS, 2006. p. 252). The requirement to provide optimal conditions for the reliability and safety of operation of electrical structural elements is most fully implemented. To do this, in the area of the device 15, protected from gas, the electrode system 13 is placed with external and internal components and components of power supply and the installation of all potential structural elements: a transformer 30, a bushing 31 and suspension insulators 29. Additionally, for the removal of gas bubbles that adversely affect Sedimentation of water droplets, coarsened in the electric field of the electrode system, used gas exhaust manifolds 20. A special need for such collectors is dictated by the fact that the heating of the liquid in the chambers e 4 in practice is not uniform throughout the volume of the processed stream. As a result, as was repeatedly noted by local thermocouples during the operation of mechanical three-phase heaters using heat pipes, the maximum temperature at the overflow 10 is shown to be 20 ... 25 ° C higher than the temperature of the mixed liquid flow in the settling zone 5. In a real apparatus, mixing heated fragments of liquid occurs in the layer between the partitions 10 and 11, and ends in the distribution manifolds 12. Transfer in time and space of the process of the final heating of the fragments of the emulsion stream, n having received their portion of heat and remaining cold in chamber 4, as the flow progresses, they are heated to medium temperature and actively lose dissolved gas in the distribution manifolds 12. Local release of occluded gas in the collectors 12 leads to the formation of a gas cushion in each of collectors, and the gas released here, it is required to withdraw through risers 23 in the cap-drop eliminator above the water level in it.

The flow of gas entering the droplet cap through the bypass pipe 17 from the 4 droplets entrained by the gas from the chamber is carried out in the droplet eliminators 22, and the dry gas is removed from the apparatus through the nozzle 8. The droplet liquid collected in the droplet eliminators, which consists mainly of oil, drains in the collection zone 16 of the settling water, as a result, a film of oil accumulates on the surface of the water. Oil is added to the film that has been displaced to zone 16 with the settling water of chamber 4 and zone 15 and separated from the water during the stay of water in zone 16. Drops and films of oil from risers 23 can also get here when gas and foam are discharged from distribution manifolds 12. It is assumed that this oil film is continuously collected and removed from the apparatus through the nozzle 24, for which there is a drain riser 25 in zone 16. The liquid withdrawn from the nozzle 24 is returned to zone 15 by means of a pump 27, which uses manifold pipes 26, distribution holes in which n hodyatsya inside the reservoir 12 (not shown in Figure 4). The kinetic energy of the jets of water flowing out of the holes is transferred to the viscous oil accumulated in the reservoirs 12, as a result of which it is distributed in the form of crushed drops evenly over the cross section of zone 15 in the water layer below the oil-water interface. The oil film from zone 16 is attached to the marketable oil and removed with it. This method of supplying the emulsion included in the electric processing determines the improvement of the uniformity of the distribution of the upward oil flow over the horizontal section of the working space of zone 15 and creates the conditions when the process of cutting two immiscible liquids is continuous without the formation of an intermediate layer of large thickness.

Improving the efficiency of deep oil dehydration in a three-phase electric apparatus is achieved by using the heat of the exhaust flue gases after heating the main feed stream in the heating chamber 4, which is produced in heat exchangers 28 mounted on chimneys, where

the water flow supplied by the pump 27 is heated. The heat received in the heat exchanger is returned to the apparatus with the water flow taken through the fitting 24 together with the oil film from zone 16.

As an embodiment of the apparatus, the gas outlet pipe 20 can be operated with its exit to the chamber 4. The spontaneous exit of gas released in the manifolds 12 passes through a riser 23, also shown in FIG. 3. The separated gas from the heating chamber 4 and the gas portions coming from the risers 23 can be jointly transferred to the drop eliminator cap via a pipe 17 located inside the apparatus body and, after passing through an adjustable hydraulic resistance 18, are sent to the drop eliminator through a pipe 32.

The settled water in the chamber 4 can be discharged through the pipeline 36, and the water from the oil layer of zone 15 is discharged from the nozzle 35, and in a controlled mode both flows are transferred to the settling zone 16 subject to the set positions of the levels of settled water in zones 4 and 15. the water level in zone 16 is a self-adjusting value, as described above, depending on the hydraulic resistance of the valve 18 and at a sufficiently high value of resistance, the water level is located in the cap-drop eliminator. The pressure in the apparatus is maintained by a valve in the exhaust gas stream after the nozzle 8.

Figure 5 shows the final flow pattern in a three-phase Golubovsky electric appliance (POSAT) with the location of volume zones of gas, oil and water accumulation. In the context of a continuously operating horizontal three-phase, the location of the "gas cushion" in the heating chamber and the absence of gas in the zone of electric processing of oil are clearly visible.

The initial emulsion supplied from below, after distribution over the mid-section of zone 15, should, when emerging, pass through an intermediate layer of droplets accumulated on the oil-water interface. Driving force in this

advancement is only the Archimedean force arising from the difference in the specific gravities of the emulsion and the intermediate layer, which are very close in magnitude. Due to such organization of the movement of flows below the level of the oil-water section located inside the intermediate layer, an emulsion consisting of oil droplets in water also accumulates (inverse emulsion from zone 4). In this case, the oil droplets coming from below from the distribution manifold 12 should “squeeze” first to the oil-water interface, and then through a layer of closely spaced water droplets in the oil. If we keep in mind that the layer of sedimented sublayer water consists of 100% water, then in the intermediate layer at a concentration of water droplets of 60 ... 70% on oil, the surfaces of the droplets touch each other, and the arrival of new particles will increase the thickness of the layer of non-decaying emulsion. It is practically noted that the thickness of such a layer, observed in each continuously operating apparatus, is at least 100 ... 400 mm. Somewhat less powerful layers of particles are located below the oil-water interface, but there are drops of oil in water, i.e. inverse emulsion compared to overlying.

Inside the intermediate layer, starting from a level characterized by a water cut of about 25%, and then down to the oil-water interface (up to 45 ... 55%), drops of accumulated water exert physical pressure on each other. (V.I.Loginov, "Dehydration and desalination of oils." M. Chemistry. 1979. p. 34). The spherical shells of individual drops are transformed into some kind of volumetric polyhedra, and in the layer located above the oil-water interface, the oil phase is a film structure similar to liquid films in the foam layer when water takes the place of the gas. At the same time, the small water globules that are contained in the oil, when passing the intermediate layer, not all are destroyed and not all merge with the continuous water phase, and will necessarily be carried upward by the flow of oil,

and subsequently can be separated from it only with the successful enlargement in an electric field. The alternating electric field between the potential electrode and the layer of settled water effectively reduces the height of the upper part of the intermediate layer, destroying its structure with its force effect.

6 depicts a diagram of the placement of charges in the electric device when applying power to the potential electrode. The principle of operation of the electric device described above is illustrated by the pattern of the placement of induced charges on the elements of the housing 1 and 7, charges in the layer of settled water and in that part of the intermediate layer in the apparatus, which is located above the oil-water interface directly below potential electrode 13. As a result of the action the electric field of high voltage positive and negative charges of non-polar molecules are displaced opposite sides and the centers of the positive and negative charges cease to coincide adat. Today, hydrocarbon compositions of oil and gas condensate are usually classified as semiconductor-type substances. As a result, near the source, for example, of a positive potential, mainly negative charges of oriented dipoles accumulate in the bulk of the dielectric, and positive charges in the negatively charged sublayer water. Inside the dielectric layer, the positive and negative charges of the dipoles cancel each other, while the electric field continues to exist in its volume.

The polarization of oil and the cumulative recharging of water droplets in the emulsion leads to the manifestation of charged layers of matter around the potential elements of the electrode system shown in Fig.6, electrical signs of the dipole potential "+" and "-". The signs of induced charges on the inner surface of the housing 1 and the inner elements 7 and 37 are also noted here.

14 of the electric device and its grounded electrode (negative), on the upper surface of the layer of sedimented water (also negative), as well as the sign of the charge of the potential element of the electrode (positive). "Gas cushion" in the electric zone 15 is missing.

Golubovsky’s three-phase electric apparatus provides an increase in the reliability of the operational impact on the electrical treatment of crude oil and gas condensate in the high voltage field and an increase in the depth of dehydration of hydrocarbon feedstocks in the fields. At the same time, the electric device allows you to solve a whole range of technological problems that arise during oil production. The design of the device is adapted to harsh operating conditions in the northern regions of the European part of Russia, Siberia and the Far East.

The use of three-phase Golubovsky electric devices in comparison with the well-known “hit-triter” plants guarantees high economic efficiency by significantly reducing the cost of preparing marketable oil, and solves the tasks put forward by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Inspectorate of the Russian Federation for wastewater treatment and environmental management.

Claims (9)

1. Three-phase electric apparatus for demulsification of crude oil and gas condensate, which includes a horizontal tank with flame and chimneys, divided in length into heating and settling chambers with a feed inlet pipe and separate pipes for the purified oil, gas and water, overflow and distribution partitions and hydraulic distributors mounted on a distribution baffle under the electrodes of oil processing in a high voltage electric field, characterized in that the settling chamber p Cereal partition into two hollow half recess along the supernatant water: at half recesses - petroleum refining zone in the electric field and the half-chambers - supernatant water collection zone connected to the heating chamber bypass conduit of separated gas, having an adjustable hydraulic resistance. 2. A three-phase electric apparatus for demulsifying crude oil and gas condensate according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic distributors along the upper generatrix are equipped with nozzles and an inclined manifold for removing gas from the half-chamber — the oil treatment zone associated with the half-chamber — the collection zone for settling water. 3. A three-phase electric apparatus for demulsification of crude oil and gas condensate according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper part of the half-chamber - a zone for collecting settling water, a vertical droplet cap with string separators for gas purification from drip entrainment is installed. 4. The three-phase electric apparatus for demulsification of crude oil and gas condensate according to claim 3, characterized in that the half-chamber - zone of sedimented water has a water outlet pipe with an oil film connected to the internal volume of the oil film discharge riser. 5. The three-phase electric apparatus for demulsifying crude oil and gas condensate according to claim 4, characterized in that the distribution manifolds are equipped with internal manifolds for returning the oil film from the half-chamber - the collection zone of the settled water, and the electric apparatus is equipped with a special pump installed in the immediate vicinity of the housing electrical appliance. 6. A three-phase electric apparatus for demulsifying crude oil and gas condensate according to claim 5, characterized in that a built-in heat exchanger is installed on the chimney to heat the water stream returned by the pump with an oil film. 7. A three-phase electric apparatus for demulsifying crude oil and gas condensate according to claim 1, characterized in that the bypass pipe of the separated gas is located inside the apparatus body, and the regulating hydraulic resistance is located in a centralized service area. 8. The three-phase electric apparatus for demulsifying crude oil and gas condensate according to claim 7, characterized in that the hydraulic distributors along the upper generatrix are equipped with nozzles and an inclined collector for removing gas from the half-chamber - the oil treatment zone is connected to the heating chamber. 9. The three-phase electric apparatus for the demulsification of crude oil and gas condensate according to claim 5, characterized in that it has pipes and pipelines for the controlled transfer of the settled water from the heating chamber and the half chamber — the oil treatment zone to the half chamber — the zone of settled water.