RU71703U1 - HEAT POWER PLANT WITH SEPARATE COMPRESSION AND EXPANSION PROCESSES - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposal relates to mechanical engineering, namely to engine building and can be used to increase the efficiency of the conversion of thermochemical energy of combusted fuel into mechanical work. The proposed power plant with separate compression and expansion processes contains: two cylinders 1, equipped with jackets for the passage of coolant 2, with pistons 3, inlet 4, 5 and exhaust 6, 7 valves, exhaust pipes 8, 9, exhaust valves 10, 11, intake air ducts 12, 13, nozzles 14, 15 with electric drive; fuel tank 16; Stirling engine 17; a compressor 18 connected by a pipe 19 to the receiver 20, the field winding 21 and the rod-armature 22. 1 C. p. f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

The proposal relates to mechanical engineering, namely to engine building and can be used to increase the efficiency of the conversion of thermochemical energy of combusted fuel into mechanical work.

Heat power plants with separate compression and expansion processes are known. Known thermal power plant with separate processes of compression and expansion (Sukhov A. Exhaust cleaner air // Driving. - 2001. No. 4.), which contains two cylinders of different diameters with valves. These cylinders are V-shaped and connected by channels to a spherical chamber located between them and having inlet and outlet valves. When the piston in the small cylinder moves downward, it sucks in outside air into the over-piston space. Then, when moving upward, the piston compresses the air (cylinder inlet valve is closed, spherical chamber inlet valve is open, exhaust valve is closed). At the end of the compression stroke, the pressure rises to 20 bar. The inlet valve of the spherical chamber closes, and fuel is supplied to the chamber. Then, the exhaust valve of the spherical chamber opens, and the products of combustion are sent to

cylinder where the expansion occurs. After expansion, the exhaust valve of the large cylinder opens and the exhaust gases escape into the atmosphere.

The disadvantages of the described design are:

1. The impossibility of full expansion (to atmospheric pressure) of the combustion products in a large cylinder, since the pistons and the large and small cylinders are connected to the common crank by connecting rods.

2. The expenditure of part of the energy produced during expansion in the large cylinder, on the compression of air in the small cylinder.

A heat power plant with separate compression and expansion processes is also known (Heat power plant with separate compression and expansion processes: Utility Model Patent RU 56968 U1 F02B 41/02; publ. September 27, 2006 Bul. No. 27).

It contains: a working cylinder with an electric winding on the outer surface and an armature piston inside; two inlet and exhaust valves, exhaust pipes and inlet air ducts, nozzles with electric drive; fuel tank with two fuel lines; Stirling engine with a cavity for the passage of exhaust gases with two valves; compressor connected to the receiver by piping.

The disadvantages of the described design is:

1. High heat stress of the piston, due to the structural complexity of organizing the cooling of the working cylinder, since it is made with an electrical winding on the outer surface, which, to ensure high efficiency, should be located as close as possible to the piston-armature. Also, the high heat stress of the piston-armature is due to the fact that the combustion process occurs alternately on one side or the other. Over time, this leads to a loss of magnetic properties of the metal of which the piston-anchor is made, as a result of which the heat power plant loses its operability.

2. The difficulty (due to the high temperature) of providing reliable lubrication of the friction pair of the working cylinder - piston-armature, which leads to its rapid wear.

3. The need to cool the electric winding located directly on the outer surface of the cylinder, since heating the winding above 80 ° C leads to a violation of insulation and, as a consequence, to interturn circuit.

This engine design is the closest to the proposed technical essence and is taken as a prototype.

To eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype, it is proposed to constructively separate the units of the heat power plant in which fuel is burned and electricity is generated, as well as to equip the cylinders with a cooling jacket. The proposal is illustrated in the figure (figure 1).

The proposed power plant with separate compression and expansion processes contains: two cylinders 1, equipped with jackets for the passage of coolant 2, with pistons 3, inlet 4, 5 and exhaust 6, 7 valves, exhaust pipes 8, 9, exhaust valves 10, 11, intake air ducts 12, 13, nozzles 14, 15 with electric drive; fuel tank 16; Stirling engine 17; a compressor 18 connected by a pipe 19 to a receiver 20, an excitation winding 21 and a rod-armature 22.

The proposed heat power plant with separate compression and expansion processes works as follows.

When the pistons 3 connected by the rod-anchor 22 move to the right and approaching the extreme right position, the exhaust gases from the right cavity formed by the walls of the right working cylinder 1, its cover and the bottom of the right piston 3, through the open exhaust valve 7 through the exhaust pipe 9 enter the cavity surrounding the heater of the Stirling engine 17, heat the working fluid

Stirling engine 17 and power it. After passing through the cavity, the exhaust gases are released into the atmosphere through the open exhaust valve 10. The power generated by the Stirling engine is used to compress the air in the compressor 18. The compressed and heated air through this pipe 19 is supplied to the receiver 20, from where through the air pipe 13 through the inlet valve 5 enters the right cavity formed by the bottom of the right piston 3, the walls of the right working cylinder 1 and its cover. At the same time, fuel coming from the fuel tank 16 is injected into this cavity through the nozzle 5. The fuel entering the cylinder enters the compressed and hot air, ignites and the combustion products expand, and the pistons 3 connected by the rod-armature 22 move to the left. At this time, from the left cavity of the working cylinder formed by the bottom of the left piston 3, the walls of the left working cylinder 1 and its cover, through the open exhaust valve 6 through the exhaust pipe 8, the exhaust gases generated in the previous cycle begin to flow into the cavity surrounding the Stirling engine heater 17. At this moment, the exhaust valve 10 closes, and the exhaust valve 11 opens and the exhaust gases passing through the cavity surrounding the heater of the Stirling engine 17, heat the working body of the Stirling engine 17, providing going through its work and exit through the exhaust valve

11 to the atmosphere. The Stirling engine 17 continues to drive the compressor 18. At the moment of approaching the left piston 3 to the cover of the left working cylinder 1, the inlet valve 4 opens, through which compressed hot air from the receiver 20 enters the left cavity, formed by the left piston 3, by the walls of the left through the air duct 12 working cylinder 1 and its cover. At the same time, fuel coming from the fuel tank 16 is injected into this cavity through the nozzle 14. The fuel entering the cylinder enters the compressed and hot air, ignites, the combustion products expand, and the pistons 3 connected by the rod-armature 22 move to the right, after whereby the described duty cycle is repeated. The reciprocating movement of the pistons 3 connected by the rod-armature 22 inside the working cylinders 1 occurs simultaneously and inside the electric winding 21 located above the connecting rod-armature 22.

As a result of this, with the help of a permanent magnet installed on the rod-armature 22, an electromotive force (electric current) is induced in the electric winding 21, which is directed to the energy consumer. The cylinders of the power plant during its operation are cooled by a fluid passing through the cooling jacket 2.

Compared with the prototype in the proposed heat power plant:

- the heat stress of the piston is reduced, and the excitation winding is excluded from heating above 80 ° C by transferring the excitation winding from the outer surface of the working cylinder to the place between the working cylinders;

- reliable lubrication of the friction pair of the working cylinder - piston is ensured in connection with a decrease in the working temperature of the cylinder by organizing a cooling jacket for the passage of coolant washing directly the outer surface of the cylinder;

- the loss of magnetic properties by the piston-anchor due to the transfer of the anchor from the working cylinder to the rod connecting the pistons of the working cylinders is excluded.

An analysis of the proposed solution and the known ones allows us to conclude that it meets the patentability conditions of the utility model.

Claims (1)

A thermal power plant with separate compression and expansion processes, including electric nozzles, inlet and exhaust valves, exhaust pipes, exhaust valves, intake air ducts, field winding, receiver, Stirling engine, compressor and fuel tank, characterized in that it contains two working cylinders equipped with jackets for the passage of coolant, and two pistons connected by an anchor rod.