RU69760U1 - INSTALLATION FOR INTEGRATED PROCESSING OF THE MYSELINE MEDICINE - Google Patents

Abstract

The resulting model relates to technical means for the integrated processing of plant raw materials, in particular medicinal soapwort, for extracting water-soluble substances from it by extraction with subsequent processing of part of the extracted extract into concentrate, including in dry form, as well as for the production of dry organo from the resulting waste - Mineral fertilizer and can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries.

The installation is a multifunctional technological line containing a technological unit for preliminary hydromechanical and heat treatment of raw materials, a technological unit for the production of concentrate from the extracted extract, and technological pipelines with pipe fittings and control devices.

Unlike existing analogues, the installation is equipped with a waste disposal system made in the form of a technological unit for collecting these wastes and producing granulated organic-mineral fertilizers from them. The unit consists of a receiving tank with a paddle mixer, a screw press granulator, a convective dryer and an additive dispenser used in the production of fertilizers. In addition, the installation uses a universal reversible chopper with an adjustable speed of the drive shaft of the chopping tool. The design of the grinding tool, consisting of circular knives and corrugated intermediate washers, allows you to simultaneously cut the raw materials into small pieces and crush them, while depending on the type of raw material (roots, stems, etc.), the grinding mode can be changed by adjusting the speed chopping tool. To clean from pieces of raw materials that are stuck between circular knives, the electric drive of the grinding tool switches to rotation in the opposite direction (reverse) and, under the action of centrifugal forces, the stuck pieces are independently removed.

The extraction unit of the technological unit for extracting extract from pre-processed raw materials has at least two extractors communicating with each other in series on each of which jet water collectors are mounted, located along the perimeter of their bodies, and the apparatus for preliminary moisture-thermal processing of raw materials is equipped with a reversible paddle mixer with adjustable rotational speed, which can significantly reduce the time of thermal treatment of raw materials before extraction.

A device for producing concentrate, installed in the technological unit for the production of concentrate from the extracted extract, is made in the form of an assembly consisting of a rotary pump, a heat exchanger, a fine filter and a membrane filter,

communicating with each other sequentially. This design allows you to get a concentrate from the extract of high quality drug soap dish with a solids content of 20-30%. The quality of products is also positively affected by the fact that the installation is equipped with a device for cleaning and sterilizing water used in technological processes.

In addition, due to the presence of active ventilation in the technological unit for the production of concentrate from the extracted extract of the drying apparatus and press granulator, the concentrate can be produced both in powder form and in the form of granules.

Thus, in the process of processing soap dish on this plant, we have an environmentally friendly waste-free production, during which we obtain a complex of products, namely, crushed root (for packaging or selling), the extract, in liquid and dried form, including the form of granules and organo-mineral granular fertilizers.

17 sec - description of the utility model,

1 sec - utility model formula,

2 sec - abstract of a utility model,

3 sec - drawing of a utility model.

Description

The utility model relates to technical means for the integrated processing of plant materials, in particular, medicinal soapwort, for the extraction of water-soluble substances from it by extraction with subsequent processing of part of the extracted extract into concentrate, including in dry form, as well as for the production of dry organ - Mineral fertilizer and can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Perennial herb Soapweed medicinal (Saponaria officinal L.) belongs to the clove family and is a natural source of saponins - a water-soluble substance used in the production of sparkling wines, drinks, halva, mayonnaise, creams. The extract from the roots of Mylavica officinalis is a classic blowing agent that gives products a characteristic structure. Decoctions and infusions of the roots of soapwort give an abundant foam, similar to soap, from where the name of the plant comes from. For industrial use of the extract, it is advisable to produce it in the form of a concentrate, including in the form of dry granules.

Existing plants for the integrated processing of plant materials, including drug soap, have various options for technical implementation, but their main elements are: a technological unit for preliminary hydromechanical and heat treatment of raw materials, a technological unit for extracting extract from pre-processed raw materials, a technological unit for production concentrate from the extracted extract and process pipelines with pipe fittings and control devices.

The technology of complex processing of soapwort drug differs significantly from the process of complex processing of other types of raw materials of plant origin and has its own characteristic features, in particular, the roots and stems of soapwort drug should be carefully chopped. In order to obtain in the future from the crushed raw materials in sufficient quantities of a high-quality target product (infusion, extract, concentrate, etc.), the total surface area of the pieces of crushed raw materials must repeatedly, but not less than twice, exceed their original area. During the extraction and production of the concentrate from the extracted extract in the apparatus for heat treatment of raw materials and obtaining the target product, a certain temperature regime must be maintained, and the waste generated from the processed raw materials, sediment from water clarifiers and the filtrate formed periodically must be removed from the installation systems. In addition, the maximum amount of extractable substances from processed raw materials with a solids content in the target product of at least 20% in a relatively short period of time

can be obtained only with active layer-by-layer hydromechanical turbulization of the liquid phase flows in the process of extraction and intensification of the concentration process. It is not possible to achieve a similar effect of layer-by-layer turbulization and intensification of the concentration process at the facilities of existing models without significant reconstruction. Therefore, for these purposes, the development of a specialized installation is required, which was implemented in the presented utility model of the installation for complex processing of soap dish.

A known installation for the integrated processing of plant materials, in particular Aralia, Eleutherococcus and Mylavica officinalis, containing a technological unit for preliminary hydromechanical and heat treatment of raw materials, a technological unit for separating extract from pre-processed raw materials, a technological unit for the production of concentrate from the extracted extract, and technological pipelines with pipe fittings and control devices (Installation for the integrated processing of plant materials. Leaflet technical information, No. 12-92, series 68.29.15, flow chart, Fig. 1. Primorsky Central Scientific Research Institute, Vladivostok, 1992).

Characterizing the indicated type of installation, it should be noted the imperfection of the designs of its technological unit for preliminary hydromechanical and heat treatment of raw materials. In particular, his washing device has only one irrigation device made in the form of a spray horn and there is no device for rinsing the raw materials after washing, which significantly reduces the quality of washing the raw materials. In addition, the raw materials are washed after grinding, which contributes to the frequent clogging of the filter mesh installed in front of the sludge discharge pipe. The dryer, made in the form of a horizontal stationary drum, inside which a screw auger with a drive motor gearbox (N = 2 kW) is mounted, has a low productivity (30 kg / h), since the drying process is carried out in a relatively thick layer of raw material (100- 150 mm). The presence of only one extractor in the processing unit for extracting the extract from the pre-processed raw materials reduces the productivity of the installation and the quality of the produced product, increases the loss of extracted raw materials, the particles of which are often unloaded together with the last portions of the extract. The use of a paddle mixer as a turbulator of the liquid phase requires the use of a sufficiently powerful electric drive (N = 2.5 kW) in the extractor with a mechanical gearbox to reduce the number of revolutions of the shaft driven into rotation, which increases the apparatus’s metal consumption and installation cost. And the use for the concentration of valuable water-soluble substances contained in the extract, the vacuum evaporator significantly increases the specific energy consumption and increases the cost of production. In addition, the installation is missing

equipment for water treatment (purification and sterilization) and waste collection for their subsequent disposal and processing.

The closest set of features, technical nature and the achieved result to the claimed technical solution is the installation of the type "UKP - 50" for the integrated processing of soap dish containing a technological unit for preliminary hydromechanical and heat treatment of raw materials, a technological unit for extracting extract from pre-processed raw materials, technological unit for the production of concentrate from the extracted extract and technological pipelines with pipe fittings, etc. control devices (UKP-50 unit for the complex processing of soap dish. The technological scheme of the UKP-50 unit, drawing No. UKP-50.01.000 ST, design bureau NPP Technological Center, Khabarovsk, 1993).

However, this installation has a number of design and operational disadvantages. These include: low productivity, increased consumption of process water, large specific energy consumption, a significant proportion of manual labor during maintenance, low deposition rate of solid particles in the process water treatment system (water clarification), the complexity of grinding equipment, and the absence of special equipment for water treatment and collection waste for their subsequent disposal or recycling.

The low productivity and a large share of manual labor are largely due to the fact that the extraction unit has only one extractor in its composition, and the waste is unloaded manually, while using the same extractor to obtain a product of different extraction stages increases the process time. The use of a wide-blade rotary mixer as a mechanical activator (turbulizer), driven by an electric drive with a constant speed of the drive shaft of the gearmotor, does not allow controlling the turbulence of the liquid phase at various stages of the technological process by changing the number of revolutions of the activator. In addition, its blades during rotation partially destroy the material being processed, grinding it, especially in the lower zone of the extractor adjacent to the filtering partition. This leads to clogging of its openings and blocking of sections of the filtering surface, thereby reducing the throughput of the apparatus, while increasing the consumption of extractant and extraction time and, as a result, to lowering the productivity of the installation.

The absence of a volumetric sump for cleaning the extract from suspended particles reduces the intensity of clarification of the extract and lengthens the process at an intermediate stage of production of the concentrate. And the lack of special equipment for water treatment, used as an extractant and for the thermal treatment of raw materials, as well as a heat exchanger and high-tech devices

filtration (ultrafilter, membrane filter and others) in the technological unit of the unit for the concentration of the extract adversely affects the quality of the product and reduces the shelf life. The use of an evaporator circulating apparatus in the unit for the concentration of the extract also significantly complicates the maintenance of the installation, increases the specific energy consumption, and increases the cost of production.

The complexity of the grinding equipment lies in the fact that it consists of a disk grinder and a roller crusher connected to each other by means of an intermediate insert, while they do not have the ability to adjust the speed of rotation of the working bodies depending on the type and characteristics of the processed raw materials, since their electric drives do not equipped with speed controllers.

The extract concentrate produced at the plant is produced in the form of a liquid or plastic substance and, due to the lack of appropriate equipment, cannot be made in the form of powder or granules. In addition, raw material wastes, sediment from the washing apparatus and apparatus for clarifying water, as well as filtrate, are discharged to special sumps, from which they are then transported to dumps or landfills, as there is no specialized equipment for their disposal or processing.

The objective of the utility model is the utilization of industrial wastes in order to obtain an additional product in the form of dry granular organo-mineral fertilizers, increasing productivity with a minimum consumption of extractant and specific energy consumption, improving the quality characteristics of products, producing concentrate in the form of dry granules, ensuring the optimal process mode , reduction in the proportion of manual labor.

The task is realized in that the installation for the complex processing of soap dish containing the technological unit for preliminary hydromechanical and heat treatment of raw materials, a technological unit for separating the extract from the pre-processed raw materials, a technological unit for the production of concentrate from the extracted extract, and technological pipelines with pipe fittings and devices control, according to the claimed technical solution is equipped with a waste management system, executed tehnichkskogo minutes as a unit for the production of granulated organic-mineral fertilizers, consisting of a receptacle, the press granulator convection dryer and dosing additives, communicating with each other via process piping. The technological unit for preliminary hydromechanical and heat treatment of raw materials instead of two units - a disk grinder and a roller crusher (as in the prototype) is equipped with one universal reversible grinder with an adjustable speed, which performs both operations (grinding and crushing) simultaneously. The extraction unit of the technological unit for the extraction of extract from pre

The processed raw material has at least two extractors communicating with each other in series, on each of which there are mounted jet water collectors located in rows along the perimeter of their bodies, and the apparatus for the moisture-thermal processing of raw materials is equipped with a reversible paddle mixer with an adjustable speed. In addition, the device for producing concentrate installed in the technological unit for the production of concentrate from the extracted extract is made in the form of an assembly consisting of a rotary pump, a heat exchanger, a fine filter and a membrane filter communicating with each other in series, and the technological unit is equipped with a drying device active ventilation and press granulator, communicating with each other in series. The extractant and water used for preliminary moisture treatment of raw materials undergo special water treatment by filtration and sterilization.

Distinctive features - the presence in the installation of a technological unit for the production of granular organo-mineral fertilizers makes the technological cycle of the plant waste-free, while an additional type of product is produced, and the processing of soap dish is a complex environmentally friendly production, since the waste is disposed of inside a closed process chain.

A universal chopper installed in the technological unit for preliminary hydromechanical and heat treatment of raw materials with an adjustable speed of rotation of the drive shaft of the grinding tool

allows you to equally replace two grinding units with one, which greatly simplifies the maintenance of the installation, reduces its metal consumption and increases productivity. The universality of the installed grinder lies in the fact that the design of its working body - the block of the grinding tool allows you to simultaneously perform two operations - cutting and crushing of vegetable raw materials, and depending on the type of raw material (roots, stems, etc.) - to regulate the grinding mode, changing accordingly the number of revolutions of the grinding tool by adjusting the speed of the electric drive.

The presence in the installation of a special apparatus with a reversible paddle mixer and an adjustable rotational speed of the drive shaft for the moisture treatment of raw materials (soaking with its subsequent swelling) before loading into the extraction unit, significantly reduces the working cycle time for the production of the target product. The device, in addition, performs the function of a reserve capacity, which allows the process to be carried out continuously - while the work cycle is being carried out on the units of the installation, it is loaded into its working cavity, and then another portion of the raw material is processed.

Loading of raw materials into the extraction unit is carried out mechanically - with a screw conveyor-dispenser, and unloading of waste - with a screw conveyor with minimal labor time.

The presence of at least two extractors in the extraction unit allows you to make its communications system closed, which makes it possible to periodically disconnect one of the extractors from the circulation system, free it from completely depleted material and fill it with fresh, and then re-enable it in the circulation system. The closed nature of the process, both in the extraction unit and in the other systems of the installation, allows you to save all extractive, including volatile substances, which improves the quality of the produced extract and concentrate and reduces the loss of extracted raw materials. The use of jet water collectors located in rows along the perimeter of their bodies in extractors allows turbulization of the liquid phase flows in layers, giving them rotational motion. This provides the best hydromechanical processing conditions, since all surfaces of the material particles are involved in the extraction process, which also improves the quality of extraction and increases the productivity of the installation. The volumetric settler installed between the extraction unit and the storage tank for sedimentation of solid particles allows, prior to the passage of the extract through the mechanical cleaning filters, the extract to a large extent be cleaned of foreign impurities and suspensions, preventing quick clogging of the filters and their frequent cleaning.

The active ventilation dryer and press granulator installed in the technological unit for the production of concentrate from the extracted extract allow the production of soap dish of soap in the form of not only liquid or plastic substance, but also in the form of powder or granules, which significantly improves its quality characteristics, storage conditions and transportation.

The presence in the aggregate for the concentration of the extract of a thin-layer heat exchanger with a screw rotor, in which the extract passing through it is heated to a temperature of 55-60 ° C, reduces the viscosity of the extract, thereby improving its further filtration and concentration. At the same time, a screw rotor rotating at a sufficiently high speed (n = 2000 rpm) creates a liquid “centrifugal wedge” in the working cavity of the heat exchanger, thereby preventing the formation of soot inside the heat exchanger. The use of a fine filter and a membrane filter with a reverse osmosis membrane (from a thin-film composite) in the production of concentrate in the production line makes it possible to efficiently remove filtrate (water) from the processed material and obtain a high-quality concentrate of the soapwort extract with a dry matter content of at least 20%.

The water used for washing and hydrothermal processing of raw materials, as well as extractant, is subjected to special treatment by filtration and sterilization, which to the extent necessary eliminates the contamination of manufactured products with harmful microflora during the work cycle, thereby improving product quality and prolonging their shelf life.

Figure 1 (see three sheets) shows a schematic diagram of an installation for the integrated processing of drug soap.

Installation for the complex processing of soap dish of medicinal consists of four functional blocks interconnected by technological pipelines, namely: a unit for preliminary hydromechanical and heat treatment of raw materials, a unit for extracting extract from pre-processed raw materials, a unit for producing concentrate from the extracted extract and a generating unit granular organic-mineral fertilizers from production waste.

The technological unit for preliminary hydromechanical and heat treatment of the raw materials of this unit is functionally designed for washing, grinding and drying the soap dish of medicine and contains a washing apparatus consisting of an inclined belt conveyor 1, under which a pan 2 is installed, with a tank 3 attached to the bottom to discharge the suspension into it formed during hydromechanical processing of raw materials, which consists of water and solid particles in the water (sand, soil, etc.).

The following are mounted above the conveyor 1: a hopper 4 for loading raw materials, a collector 5 for supplying process water to the sink and a collector 6 for supplying water for rinsing the raw materials after washing with water, which is supplied by pump 7, while the collector 5 and 6 are equipped with water spray nozzles 8. Between a pump 7 and a collector 6 have a device for cleaning and sterilizing process water (water treatment), consisting of series-connected to each other, a filter 9 for purifying water from suspended particles, a sterilizer 10 with bactericidal st trafioletovymi lamps and a thin-layer heat exchanger 11 to the steam jacket.

The device for sedimentation of solid particles from a suspension is a closed ring system, which consists of tanks 3, pump 12, water separator 13, sump 14, pump 15 and filter 16 connected to each other by means of technological pipelines. At the same time, parallel to pump 15 and filter 16 , capacity 17 is attached to the system to collect excess process water.

In the upper zone of the working cavity of the hydraulic separator 13, a conical trap 18 is installed, at the end of which a flexible hose 19 is mounted, designed to discharge light fractions into the settler 14, and a discharge unit 20 is mounted below, made in the form of a screw conveyor, designed to remove wet sediment from the hydraulic separator 13 in the receiving tank 21.

The technological pipelines of the water supply system of the above equipment are equipped with the necessary pipe fittings 22 (valves, valves) and visual control devices, namely, gauges 23 and thermometers 24. The dryer for drying the raw materials after hydromechanical processing consists of an inclined mesh conveyor 25 located in an airtight housing 26, at the end of which an adapter 27 is mounted, the loading funnel of which is connected to the discharge chute of the universal chopper 28. Above the receiving funnel zmelchitelya 28 mounted spray nozzle 29 is designed for irrigation minced raw water, an inclined chute 30 and hopper 31.

An electric air heater 32 with a blower 33 and a receiving hopper 34 with a screw pneumatic blower 35 are mounted under the dryer, and a screw pump 36 is mounted under the receiving tank 21. The pneumatic blower 35 is connected via a pipe 37 to the apparatus 40 for the thermal treatment of raw materials of the extract extraction technological unit, and the screw pump 36 by pipeline 38 is connected to the receiving tank 112 of the technological unit for the production of granular organic-mineral fertilizers. The waste heat carrier is removed from the dryer by means of a cyclone 39.

The processing unit for extracting the extract from pre-processed raw materials is functionally designed for extracting the crushed and dried medicinal soapwort with the subsequent processing of the extracted extract into concentrate.

The technological unit for extracting extract from pre-processed raw materials contains an apparatus 40 equipped with a variable speed rotary paddle mixer 41 for receiving, accumulating and moisture-thermal processing (soaking) of crushed raw materials.

In the lower part of the apparatus 40 is mounted a screw conveyor - dispenser 42, designed to evenly supply raw materials after moisture treatment from the apparatus 40 to the extraction unit. The apparatus 40 is heated by means of a thermostatic jacket 43, into which hot condensate of spent steam is supplied.

The extraction unit consists of two extractors 44 (first stage of extraction) and extractor 45 (second stage of extraction) installed at different levels in height and connected to each other via a gateway 46, while to the extractor 44 (in its upper zone) through an intermediate insert 47, a conveyor-dispenser 42 is connected, and a device 49 for discharging waste, made in the form of a screw conveyor, is connected to the extractor 45 (in its lower zone) by means of an intermediate insert 48. The extractor housings are cylindrical containers with technological nozzles, along the perimeter of which there are water jet collectors 50, the annular cavities of which are through holes in the extractor housings

communicate with the working cavities of the latter. In this case, the collectors 50 can function independently from each other, operating in automatic mode, for which each collector is equipped with a valve 51. The drain pipes 52 and 53 of the extractors 44 and 45 are connected to the circulation pumps 56 and 57 by means of the valves 54 and 55, respectively, and the discharge pipes 58 and 59 by means of valves 60 and 61 are connected to the main pipeline. A screw valve 63 is installed between the discharge pipe 62 of the apparatus 40 and the conveyor-dispenser 42. Similar valves 64, 65 and 66 are mounted on the gateway 46, as well as on the intermediate inserts 47 and 48, respectively.

For sedimentation of solid particles from the produced extract, the plant is equipped with a volumetric sump 67 with a thermostatic heating jacket 68, which, together with the thermostatic jacket 43 of the apparatus 40, are connected to the condensate drain 70 and the steam jacket of the heat exchanger 71 through process pipelines and the valves 69 installed on them. In the upper part of the volumetric a settling tank 67 is located a receiving pipe 72 for pouring the obtained extract into its working cavity, and at the bottom - a pipe 73, to which are sequentially connected trobezhny pump 74 and filter 45.

To collect the extract, the installation is equipped with three receiving tanks, two of which 76 and 77 are connected to the pump 74 by means of a filter 75 with technological pipelines, are intermediate, and the tank 78 connected to the drain pipes of the tanks 76 and 77 is cumulative. The storage tank 78 is equipped with a centrifugal pump 79, the suction pipe of which is connected to the drain pipe of the storage tank 78, and the discharge pipe to the pipe 80. The latter is used in cases where it is necessary to carry out an intermediate sampling of the semi-finished product (extract) even before the production of the concentrate, for example, when taking samples for the purpose of laboratory analysis or for packaging a certain amount of extract in container containers. A bypass pipe 81 and an inlet pipe of the pre-filter 82 are also connected to the discharge pipe of the centrifugal pump 79, the outlet pipe of which is connected to the supply tank 83. A screw pump 84 is mounted under the volumetric sump 67 for pumping sediment accumulated on the bottom of the sump.

A cyclone 85 is mounted on the lid of the apparatus 40 for the thermal treatment of raw materials, connected to a pneumatic blower 35 via a pipe 37 and an intermediate valve 87.

The technological unit for the production of concentrate from the extract of Mylavica officinalis contains a centrifugal pump 87, the suction nozzle of which is connected via a pipeline to a supply tank 83, and the discharge pipe to a heat exchanger 88, in the working cavity of which a high-speed (n = 1200 rpm) screw rotor 89 is mounted. Screw rotor 89 is designed for pumping through a heat exchanger 88

extract heated by steam and supplying it under an excess pressure of 4-5 atm for filtration. A steam trap 90 is connected to the drain pipe of the steam jacket to remove condensate from it, which is sent back to the steam generator.

Between a thin-layer heat exchanger 88 and a capacity 91 for receiving the obtained concentrate, the following are installed in succession: a fine filter cartridge 92 (microfilter) and a membrane filter 93 ("nano-filter"), in which the main cleaning element is a reverse osmosis membrane 94 made in the form of a tubular block from a thin-film composite with a diameter of filtering holes of the order of 1 angstrom, freely passing through the molecules of the extractant (water). On the process pipe connecting the membrane filter 93 and the receiving tank 91, a control valve 95 and a monometer 96 are mounted. A collector 98 for the filtrate (filtration waste) is connected to the drain pipe 97 of the membrane filter 93, which is connected to the pipe 38 through a centrifugal pump 99, and a similar pump 101 is connected to the drain pipe 100 of the container 91 for receiving the concentrate, the discharge pipe of which is connected to the spray nozzle 102 of the active ventilation dryer 103. In the lower zone, The electric air heater 104 is connected with an air blower 105 and a pipe 106 for supplying compressed air to the mesh diaphragm 107. In the upper zone of the dryer there is a separation grid 108 and a cyclone 109, under which a granulator 111 is mounted by means of a distribution valve 110.

The technological unit for the production of granular organic-mineral fertilizers is functionally designed for waste management with the aim of organizing environmentally friendly production at the facility and obtaining an additional product.

The technological unit for the production of granular organic-mineral fertilizers contains a receiving tank 112 with a paddle mixer 113 and a steam jacket 114. A press granulator 117 is mounted in the lower zone of the tank 112 by means of a discharge nozzle 115 and an adjustment gate 116, the granulator head 118 of which is connected to the upper convection zone dryers 119. Above the receiving tank 112, there is an additive dispenser 120 with a paddle mixer 121 connected to the receiving tank 120 via a pipe 122 and a valve 123. To the dryer, in its lower ONET tangentially connected to the housing 124 electric heater with a blower 125, and from below blower 126. In the upper zone of the dryer 119 is mounted cyclone 127 which is both a device for discharging the granules organomineral fertilizer tare container 128.

All the aforementioned technological units of the installation using technological pipelines are combined into a single technological system. The piping of technological pipelines is structurally designed in such a way that switching them to a certain scheme

or other valves and gates, it is possible to carry out the work of various technological units and plant sections in the most optimal mode, for example, in a closed loop. The most critical sections of technological pipelines are equipped with control devices - manometers 23 and thermometers 24.

Installation for the comprehensive processing of soap dish officinalis works as follows.

The processing process begins in the technological unit for preliminary hydromechanical and heat treatment of raw materials. The soap dish, pre-cleaned of impurities, is loaded into the hopper 4 of the washing machine, from where it, carried away by the moving belt of the conveyor 1, moves to the irrigation nozzles 8 of the collector 5 and is washed by jets of water under an excess pressure of 2-3 atm. Rising along the inclined branch of the conveyor, the raw material is subjected to irrigation with hot water, leaving in a sprayed form from the nozzles 8 of the collector 6, washing off harmful microflora from the surface of the raw material, which helps to reduce the level of contamination of the product, thereby improving its quality. Water for irrigation of raw materials is taken from the main water supply network and undergoes special treatment (water treatment). With pump 7, it is pumped into a thin-layer heat exchanger 11 in which it is heated to a temperature of 50 ° C, passes through a filter 9, in which it is cleaned of suspended particles and enters the sterilizer 10, where it is irradiated with bactericidal ultraviolet lamps. The water used to wash and rinse the raw materials, together with impurities washed off from it, flows into the pan 2, forming a suspension, which consists of a liquid and solid particles contained in it. The suspension through the drain hole in the pallet 2 enters the tank 3 and when its volume reaches a certain level, the valve 22 on the drain pipe opens and the suspension with a pump 12 under an overpressure of 3-4 atm is pumped into the cavity of the hydraulic separator 13, entering it tangentially to the surface of the housing . The incoming suspension is twisted in a helical flow, while solid particles are pressed against the inner surface of the housing under the action of centrifugal forces and, due to friction against this surface, lose kinetic energy, spiral down to the unloading unit 20, are picked up by its auger conveyor and removed from the hydraulic separator to receiving tank 21. Lighter suspended particles rotating in a helical stream, moving from the periphery to the center, float and, concentrating in the center with water through conical fishing the eyelet 18 and the flexible hose 19 are discharged into the sump 14. In the sump 14, the suspended particles are deposited on its conical bottom after a certain period of time and the wet cake is discharged by the screw conveyor 20 into the tank 21 and then transported to the tank 112 by means of a pipe 38. The clarified water pump 15 is sucked from the sump 14 and, passing through the filter 16, is pumped into the manifold 5 to implement

further washing of raw materials. Thus, the process is repeated, while, through the use of recycled water, the flow of process water is minimized. The excess of process water, which is formed as a result of hydromechanical processing of raw materials, is periodically pumped by pump 15 to a tank 17, from where it is supplied to the water system of the washing machine as necessary.

The washed raw material, leaving the conveyor belt 1, enters the receiving hopper 31 and then through the tray 30 is fed into the working cavity of the universal grinder 28, in which the raw material is cut into small pieces 5-10 mm long and crushed. As a result of this, their thickness decreases, and the total surface increases, which is very important for the intensification of heat and mass transfer processes, since the processing of solid materials in powdered form can significantly accelerate the extraction of substances and heat treatment of materials and carry out these processes with a slight loss of substances and lower consumption heat.

After crushing, the raw materials through the adapter 27, enters the dryer on the mesh conveyor 25 and is blown with hot air heated in the air heater 32 to a temperature of 50-60 ° C. Hot air is injected into the working cavity of the dryer housing 26 by a blower 33, and moist air is removed into the atmosphere by means of a cyclone 39. The finished product from the mesh conveyor 25 is unloaded into the hopper 34 and the pneumatic blower 35 through the pipe 38 and the intermediate valve 86 through the precipitation cyclone 85 into apparatus 40 for moisture treatment of raw materials (soaking). If necessary, some of the crushed raw materials can be shipped from the pipeline 38 for packaging in containers for subsequent use or sale.

Next, the process of extracting the extract from pre-processed raw materials begins.

The extractant that has undergone water treatment in a thin-layer heat exchanger 71 is heated to a temperature of 80 ° C and poured into the apparatus 40. Raw materials soaked in hot water, absorbing moisture, gradually swell and increase in volume, which further accelerates the extraction process, since from the moment of filling the raw material water already begins to a certain extent, the process of extracting water-soluble substances from it. In order for the swelling process to take place accelerated and evenly throughout the entire volume of the laid raw material mass, the necessary temperature (70 ° -80 ° C) is maintained in the working cavity of the apparatus 40 by means of its thermostatic jacket 43, while condensate leaving the steam is used as a heat carrier jacket heat exchanger 71. The same condensate by means of the thermostatic jacket 68 is heated and the volumetric sump 67. The temperature in the apparatus 40 and the sump 67 is controlled by thermometers 24, while adjusting the temperature tours are carried out by valve 69 by increasing or decreasing the amount of condensate circulating in their thermostatic shirts.

In addition, the paddle mixer 41 is periodically turned on, the speed of which is regulated depending on the degree of loading of the apparatus 40 and the type of processed raw materials (roots, stems, etc.), which greatly intensifies the processing process.

The technology of extracting the extract from the soap dish for its subsequent concentration according to the claimed installation involves the processing of raw materials in at least two extractors.

After completion of the wet-heat treatment of the raw material, the valve 63 on the apparatus 40 and the valve 65 on the intermediate insert 47 are opened. The electric drive of the screw conveyor-dispenser 42 is turned on and the feed mass captured by the rotating screw is loaded through the insert 47 into the extractor 44, and the speed regulation is possible rotation of the screw allows you to load the cavity of the extractor evenly over its entire working volume in a given quantity. At the end of the loading process, the valves 63 and 65 are closed, and the apparatus 40 is filled with the next portion of raw materials, after which the process of moisture-thermal treatment is repeated similarly to the above.

After loading the extractor 44, the raw material placed in it is poured with hot water and the valves 51 on the manifolds 50 open. Water through the holes in the housing fills the cavity of the extractor to the required level, after which the initial extraction stage begins, which lasts at least one hour. In the process of extraction, the extract moves from top to bottom, passing through the filtering partition and accumulates in the space between the partition and the bottom of the extractor.

The use of hot water as an extractant can significantly increase the diffusion coefficient and mass transfer of the extractable substance in the particles of plant materials, increasing the concentration of saponins in the extract.

However, an increase in the temperature of the extractant above a certain level can lead to a deterioration in the quality of the obtained extract, or to a change in the physical properties of the particles of raw materials, their loss of elastic properties and, as a result, worsening of the conditions of mass transfer. In particular, the maximum temperature of the water for the extraction of the soapwort should not exceed 95 ° C and should be strictly controlled according to the readings of the thermometer.

After the primary extraction stage is completed, its active stage is carried out, which lasts up to three hours and is carried out by periodic hydrodynamic turbulization of the liquid phase flows inside the extractor. To do this, open the valve 54 on the technological pipeline of the extractor 44, turn on the pump 56 and the liquid phase, passing through the filter baffle of the extractor 44, the collector 50 and the heat exchanger 71, begins to circulate in a closed circle. At the same time, jets of water emerging in rows from the holes tangentially to the inner surface of the extractor housing, due to their kinetic energy, create a rotational movement of the components in the working volume

extractor 44. Thus, layer-by-layer processing of raw materials and turbulization of the flows of the liquid phase occur, which contributes to the intensification of the extraction process and, as a result, to a significant reduction in the time of the technological process and to improve the quality of the product.

Upon completion of the extraction process in the extractor 44, the obtained extract of the first extraction stage (with the maximum content of saponins) by the pump 56 is pumped through the pipe 72 to the sump 67. In this sump, sedimentation of solid particles occurs, which organize the sediment, which is periodically removed from its cavity by a screw pump 84 by pipeline 38 into the tank 112. After settling, the clarified extract by the pump 74 through the filter 75 is pumped into the intermediate tank 76.

The raw material mass remaining after draining the extract from the extractor 44 contains a certain fraction of extractable substances, and for a more complete extraction of this mass from the extractor 44 by means of a bypass pipe 46 is reloaded into the extractor 45. To do this, open the screw lock 64, turn on the pump 56 and water jets leaving the holes in the housing, the raw material is discharged into the working cavity of the extractor 45, after which the screw shutter 64 closes. Next, valves 51 are opened on the water collectors 50 of the extractor 45, after which the water fills the working cavity of the extractor to the required level and the extraction process begins in the same sequence as in the extractor 44.

The obtained extract (second extraction stage) is pumped by pump 57 to sump 67 with valve 55 open. After sludge, this extract is pumped through filter 75 to intermediate tank 77 through filter 75, and the valve at the inlet of tank 76 should be shut off. The waste remaining after extraction in the working cavity of the extractor 45 is washed off by water jets leaving the openings of its water collectors 50 and, passing through the open valve 66 and insert 48, is conveyed by a screw conveyor 49 through a pipe 38 to a receiving tank 112 for processing into fertilizers.

From the intermediate containers 76 and 77, the extract is alternately discharged into the storage tank 78 from which the centrifugal pump 79 is fed through the pre-filter 82 to the supply tank 83. From the tank 83 by the centrifugal pump 87, the extract is fed into the working cavity of the thin-layer heat exchanger 88, where it is picked up by a screw rotor 89, rotating at a speed of 1200 rpm and injected into the fine filter 92. When passing through a thin-layer heat exchanger 88, the extract is heated to a temperature of 60 ° C, which is carried out by Ohm steam jacket steam circulating in it and after condensation using a steam trap 90 is discharged into the boiler. Heating the extract significantly reduces its viscosity, thereby improving the filtration process, and a rotating screw rotor prevents the formation of soot on the inner surface of the heat exchanger and significantly

increases the pressure at the inlet of the extract into the fine filter 92, activating the filtering process.

After passing the fine filter 92, the semi-finished product in the form of an extract maximally purified from harmful organic substances and various impurities enters the membrane filter 93 (“nano-filter”), in which the reverse osmosis membrane 94 is the main element of active cleaning. The membrane material is a thin-film composite (in the form of a tubular block) with a diameter of filter holes of one angstrom, through which water molecules freely penetrate and which, in the form of a filtrate, merges into the collector 98, and valuable water-soluble substances isolated from extract in the form of macromolecules and colloidal particles are deposited on the inner surface of the cylindrical reverse osmosis membrane 94, forming as a precipitate a layer of concentrate with a relatively high dry matter content (20-30%). The concentrate is unloaded (in the form of a fluid plastic substance) from the filter 93 into the receiving unit 91 of the drying unit due to the excess pressure in its working cavity and is unloaded by means of the control valve 95. A visual control of the excess pressure, the value of which determines the frequency of concentrate discharge, is determined according to the testimony of the manometer 96. From the receiving tank 91, the concentrate of the soapwort extract is pumped through the pipe 100 through the pump 101 to the dryer 103. A part of the obtained liquid (plastic-viscous) may form Saponaria officinalis concentrate to be packaged in the containers or container implemented.

During operation of the extractors, their filter partitions are clogged with particles of raw materials, therefore, after the completion of each stage of the work, the partitions must be thoroughly cleaned and washed. This process is carried out by supplying water through open valves 60 and 61 and lower technological pipes 58 and 59 of the extractors 44 and 45 under an overpressure of 4-5 atm into the space between the bottom and the filter partition of the extractors. Under the pressure of water, clogged holes are easily squeezed, and the filter partitions are cleaned, after which the used water is discharged into the sump. Periodic washing and cleaning of all filters is carried out according to special instructions developed by the manufacturer.

Drying of the soap soap concentrate of the medicinal product entering the working cavity of the dryer 103 is carried out in atomized form by active ventilation. To do this, air is supplied by a centrifugal supercharger 105 through a heater 94 (in which it is heated to a temperature of 90 ° -95 ° C), under a mesh air distribution diaphragm 107. The heat carrier, entering tangentially to the inner surface of the dryer body under excessive pressure, acquires rotational motion and then , passing through the holes of the diaphragm 107, streams in jets to the top - into the zone of active ventilation. After the coolant entering the dryer heats up to the required temperature, the pump 101 is turned on,

which, at a pressure of 4-5 atm, pumps the extract concentrate to the nozzle 102 and atomizes it. Simultaneously with the supply of sprayed concentrate to the working cavity of the dryer through the pipeline 106, compressed air is supplied under pressure of 2-3 atm, which, passing through the opening of the diaphragm 107, together with the heated air forms an upward rotational air flow in the cavity of the dryer 103, creating favorable drying conditions in the active mode ventilation.

When the concentrate processed by the heat carrier is dried to a certain condition, it passes into cyclone 109 in the form of a dispersed powder passing through the separation grid 108. In the cyclone, the dry concentrate is separated from the spent drying agent, which is discharged into the atmosphere, and the product produced through the distribution valve 110 enters into a press granulator 111. In a press granulator 111, by means of a screw screw mounted in its working cavity, a powder concentrate is pressed, leaving through the cylindrical holes of the calibration head 118, located at the end of the press granulator 111, is converted into granules and enters the receiving tank.

All production wastes received at the installation during the processing of Mylnica officinalis are transported via pipeline 37 to the receiving tank 112 of the technological unit for the production of organic-mineral fertilizers. Before loading, the receiving tank is heated by means of a steam jacket 114 to a technical temperature of 50-60 ° C. After warming the loaded waste to the required temperature, the electric drive of the paddle mixer 113 is turned on, through which the waste is thoroughly mixed. In the process of mixing from the dispenser 120, as necessary, through the pipe 122 and valve 123, additives are added to the container 112, which are part of the fertilizers produced. This can be, for example, a solution of lime, as well as other components or minerals. Additives are used in such a quantity that the fertilizers produced, upon their subsequent application to the soil, do not disturb the chemical balance of this soil. After thoroughly mixing the waste mass with the additives added to them, the valve 116 opens and through the pipe 115 the resulting mass enters the Persian granulator 117 and then to the dryer 119.

Before the waste is fed into the dryer 119, its working cavity is heated by air heated in the air heater 124 to a temperature of 90-95 ° C, which is pumped by the fan 125, after which the fan 126, which is installed under the bottom of the dryer, is turned on. In the press granulator 117, with the help of a screw screw mounted in its working cavity, a mass of waste is pressed, which goes through the cylindrical openings of the calibration head 118 in the form of filamentous bundles into the cavity of the dryer 119 and, picked up by the heated air stream, circulates inside the dryer forming granules ("pellets") with a diameter of 5-10 mm. Dried to a certain extent

granules are carried by air flow to the upper zone of the dryer and enter cyclone 127. In the cyclone, granular organic-mineral fertilizers are separated from the exhaust air, which is discharged into the atmosphere, and the produced product is discharged to a receiving tank 128.

Thus, in the process of processing soap dish on this plant, we have an environmentally friendly waste-free production, during which we obtain a complex of products, namely, crushed root (for packaging or selling), extract, extract concentrate in liquid or dry form, including in the form of granules and organo-mineral granular fertilizers.

Claims (7)

1. Installation for complex processing of soap dish medicinal, containing a technological unit for preliminary hydromechanical and heat treatment of raw materials, a technological unit for extracting extract from pre-processed raw materials, a technological unit for the production of concentrate from the extracted extract and technological pipelines with pipe fittings and control devices, characterized in that it is equipped with a waste management system made in the form of a technological unit for the production of granules organic organic fertilizers, consisting of a receiving tank, a press granulator, a convective dryer and a dispenser of additives that communicate with each other through technological pipelines. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the technological unit for preliminary hydromechanical and heat treatment of raw materials is equipped with a universal reversible chopper with an adjustable speed of rotation of the drive shaft of the grinding tool. 3. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the apparatus for the moisture treatment of raw materials of the technological unit for extracting the extract from the pre-processed raw materials is equipped with a reversible paddle mixer with an adjustable speed. 4. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the extraction unit of the technological unit for extracting the extract from the pre-processed raw materials has at least two extractors communicating with each other in series, on each of which there are mounted jet water collectors located around the perimeter of their bodies. 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the technological unit for the production of concentrate from the extracted extract is equipped with an active ventilation dryer and a press granulator that communicate with each other in series. 6. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for producing concentrate installed in the processing unit for the production of concentrate from the extracted extract is made in the form of an assembly consisting of a rotary pump, a heat exchanger, a fine filter and a membrane filter communicating with each other friend sequentially. 7. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a device for cleaning and sterilizing water used in technological processes.