RU69338U1 - DIGITAL RELAY PROTECTION DEVICE WITH DIVARIANT BUILT-IN CONTROL PANEL - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to electrical engineering and microprocessor technology and can be used in the relay protection technology of objects.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the size and expand the functionality of the device by eliminating the block of frequency filters and an analog-to-digital converter, introducing an analog signal shaper, a divariant control panel and a front panel with a keyboard and indication.

The device contains blocks of galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of current and voltage, an analog signal shaper, a microprocessor-based control system for output relays and alarm in accordance with protection algorithms, a control panel and a front panel with a keyboard and indication. The proposed device is designed to perform the functions of relay protection, automation, control and signaling connections with voltage from 6 to 35 kV, 0.4 kV networks, as well as for use as backup protection and automation devices for 110 and 220 kV connections.

The device can be installed in switchgear switchgear of auxiliary needs of power plants, at distribution substations of grid enterprises, at substations of industrial and municipal enterprises, oil and gas facilities, mining enterprises, at traction substations of railways and subways, at section points in distribution networks of 6-35 kV .

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to a relay protection technique.

Known microprocessor-based protection system [NN Chernobrovov, V. A. Semenov "Relay protection of energy systems", 1998, p. 776, Fig. 22.1], containing blocks of intermediate transformers, a block of frequency filters, an analog-to-digital converter and a microprocessor system performs the functions of relay protection, but has large dimensions and limited functionality.

The known device is "Microprocessor-based protection system" [Patent RU No. 2173924 Н02Н 7/26 B.I. No. 26 dated 09/20/2001], which contains blocks of galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of input signals in the form of current and voltage, a block of frequency filters, an analog-to-digital converter, and a microprocessor control system for output relays and signaling in accordance with protection algorithms, perform the functions of relay protection and also has large dimensions.

The closest technical solution is the device - "Microprocessor-based relay protection and automation with remote control" [RU patent No. 2222083 7 Н02Н 7/26, G01R 23/165, 31/08 B.I. No. 2 dated January 20, 2004], which contains blocks of galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of input signals in the form of current and voltage, a block of frequency filters, an analog-to-digital converter, a microprocessor control system for output relays and signaling in accordance with protection algorithms and a transceiver.

The prototype also has large dimensions and limited functionality.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the size and expand the functionality of the device by introducing a shaper of analog signals, a divarious control panel and a front panel containing a keyboard and indication. This goal is achieved by the fact that in a known device containing blocks of galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of current and voltage, a microprocessor control system for output relays and alarm in accordance with protection algorithms, and a microprocessor control system for output relays and alarm in accordance with algorithms protection, contains random access memory, read-only memory

device, clock, register, analogue input-output device, discrete input-output device and serial channel driver, the second group of inputs and outputs of the microprocessor control system of output relays and alarm in accordance with protection algorithms is a group of inputs and outputs for communication with external devices, the third group of inputs and outputs of a microprocessor control system for output relays and alarm in accordance with protection algorithms, is a group of inputs and outputs for communication with a PC, entered an analogue signal extender, a divergent control panel and a front panel containing a keyboard and an indication, moreover, a microcontroller, a second register and a second serial channel driver, the group of inputs and outputs of which are the first group of inputs, are introduced into the microprocessor control system for output relays and alarm systems the outputs of the microprocessor control system of the output relays and the alarm in accordance with protection algorithms, the fourth and fifth group of inputs and outputs of which are connected with Accordingly, with a divar remote control and with a front panel, the group of inputs of the microprocessor control system for output relays and signaling in accordance with protection algorithms is connected to the group of outputs of the analog signal driver, the first and second groups of inputs of which are connected to the output groups of galvanic isolation units and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of current and voltage, respectively.

Figure 1 shows the structural diagram of the device;

figure 2 - structural diagrams of the blocks galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of current and voltage. The diagram shows examples of the implementation of one of the galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of current and voltage from the total number of galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals, determined by the number of input analog current and voltage signals.

figure 3 is an example implementation of a shaper of analog signals;

figure 4 is an example implementation of option "C" of the control panel;

figure 5 is an example implementation of a microprocessor control system for output relays and alarm in accordance with protection algorithms;

Fig.6 is an external view of the prototype and the claimed device with a divariant built-in remote control.

Figure 1 marked:

1 - block galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of current;

2 - block galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of voltage;

3 - shaper of analog signals;

4 - microprocessor control system for output relays and alarm in accordance with protection algorithms;

5 - control panel;

5 ₁ , 5 ₂ - options "C" and "D" of the control panel;

6 - front panel;

6 ₁ - keyboard, for example, "M-Graphics" or similar;

6 ₂ - indication;

7 - a group of current signals of the protected object;

8 - group of voltage signals of the protected object;

9, 10 - groups of output signals from the blocks of galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of current and voltage;

11 - group of outputs of the shaper of analog signals;

12 - a group of inputs and outputs for communication with a personal electronic computer (PC) - channel RS-232;

13 - a group of inputs and outputs for communication with ACS-channel RS-485;

14 - group of inputs and outputs for communication with external devices i.e. inputs and outputs of an analog input-output device (U ABB) and inputs-outputs of a discrete input-output device (UDVV);

15 - group of inputs and outputs for communication with the control panel;

16 - group of inputs / outputs for communication with the front panel.

Figure 2 marked:

17 is an operational amplifier for converting and scaling input signals. As an operational amplifier, you can use a chip type MAX4126ESA firm "Maxim" or similar;

R - resistors type RT0805BRD07 company "Yageo" or similar;

C - capacitors type CC0805KRX9BN104 of the company "Yageo" or similar;

C ₁ - capacitor type T491B685M010AS company "Kemet" or similar;

Т - current or voltage transformers of the type ТТ, ТН or similar;

D - diode assembly type BAV99 firm "PHI" or

similar;

V ₁ - voltage of 1.65 V;

V ₂ - voltage 3.3 V.

Figure 3 marked:

3 _1.1 ... 3 _1.X - nodes for generating analog current signals;

3 _2.1 ... 3 _2.Y - nodes of the formation of analog signals by voltage;

R ₁ - resistors type RC0805FR07 company "Yageo" or similar;

R ₃ - resistors type RC1206JR07 company "Yageo" or similar.

In figure 4 are indicated:

18 - power source type TL431ID firm "ONS" or similar;

19 - register sequential exchange type MAX7315AUE company "Maxim" or similar;

L ₁ - light-emitting diode type L-7104LID of the company "Kingbright" or similar;

V ₃ - voltage 5 V.

Figure 5 marked:

20 - microcontroller type AT91SAM7S256-AU-001 company "Atmel" or similar.

21, 22 - analog-to-digital Converter, the Central processor as part of the microcontroller;

23 - driver for communication with a personal computer type SP232EET firm "Sipex" or similar (channel RS-232);

24 - driver for communication with ACS type SN65LBC184D of the company "Texas Instruments" or similar (RS-485 channel);

25 - device discrete input-output (UDVV);

26 - device analog input-output (ABB);

27 - RAM type FM25CL64-G company "Ramtron" or similar;

28 - ROM type AT45DB642D-TU company "Atmel" or similar;

29 - real-time clock type DS3231SN of the company "Dallas;

30, 31 - registers of LEDs and buttons of the type MAX7315AUE of the company "Maxim" or similar;

32 - serial channel SPI;

33 - serial channel I2C.

Figure 6 marked:

34 prototype;

35 - the claimed device with remote control options;

35 ₁ - remote control option "C";

35 ₂ - remote control option "D".

To simplify the circuit of a microprocessor-based control system for output relays and signaling in accordance with protection algorithms, Figure 5 does not show: a resonator and control circuits, digital isolators, multiplexers, etc. (i.e. elements that do not affect the description of the operation of the device.

The digital relay protection device contains blocks of galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of current 1 and voltage 2, an analog signal conditioner 3, a microprocessor-based control system for output relays and an alarm in accordance with protection algorithms 4, a divergent control panel 5, with options 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , and the front panel 6, with a keyboard 6 ₁ and indication 6 ₂ . The microprocessor control system of the output relay and alarm in accordance with protection algorithms 4 contains a microcontroller 20, consisting of an analog-to-digital converter 21 and a processor 22, drivers for communication with a personal computer 23 and the ACS 24, an analog input-output device 25, and a discrete input device output 26, random access memory 27, read-only memory 28, clock 29, registers 30 and 31. Groups of outputs 9 and 10 of galvanic isolation blocks and preliminary scaling of input signals in the form of current 1 and voltage 2 are connected, respectively, with the first and second group of inputs of the analog signal conditioner 3, the group of outputs 11 of which is connected to the group of inputs of the microprocessor control system of the output relays and signaling in accordance with protection algorithms 4, the second group of inputs and outputs 14 of which is a group of inputs outputs for communication with external devices, the third group of inputs / outputs 12 of a microprocessor-based system for controlling output relays and alarm in accordance with protection algorithms 4 is a group of inputs / outputs for PC communications, the first group of inputs / outputs 13 of the microprocessor control system for output relays and alarm in accordance with protection algorithms 4 is a group of inputs and outputs for communication with ACS, the fourth 15 and fifth 16 groups of inputs and outputs of a microprocessor control system for output relays and signaling in According to

protection algorithms 4 are connected, respectively, with the divariant control panel 5 and the front panel 6.

The digital relay protection device operates as follows: the signals from the primary current transformers 7 and voltage 8 of the protected object are supplied to the intermediate transformers T of the galvanic isolation units and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of current and voltage 1 and 2. Intermediate transformers T provide galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling input signals. The primary windings of transformers provide the specified thermal stability during overloads. Amplifiers implemented on chip 17, diode assemblies D, resistors R are used for preliminary scaling of the signals of intermediate transformers. From the outputs of the amplifiers 17, the signals are fed to the inputs of the analog signal _conditioner 3, the _{signal conditioners} 3 _1.1 ... 3 _1.X and 3 _2.1 ... 3 _{2.Y of} which serve to accurately scale the signals and match the impedances of the intermediate transformers and the analog-to-digital converter 21 microcontrollers 20. Capacitors C, in the feedback circuit of amplifiers 17, are low-pass filters - they pass current and voltage components of a certain frequency and do not pass high-frequency harmonics, which are noise distorting the current sine wave voltage. Next, the analog signals on channel 11 are fed to the analog-to-digital converter 21 of the microcontroller 20 to change the waveform to a discrete (digital) one, because subsequent processing of the signals is carried out by the processor 22. The operation of the analog-to-digital converter 21 is controlled by the processor 22 of the microcontroller 20, which provides digital filtering of the input signals, calculates the secondary electrical parameters of the network, performs self-diagnosis procedures, and also supports communication with the control panel 5 and keyboard 6 through the registers 30 and 31, on channels 15 and 16, input-output devices 25 and 26, on channel 33 (I2C).

Thus, the microprocessor control system of the output relays and the alarm system, in accordance with protection algorithms 4, obtains the values of the electrical parameters of the protected object from the analog-to-digital converter 21 and information about the status of the digital inputs from the air-conditioning device 25. Based on this information, as well as the values of program keys and settings, stored in the ROM 28, are generated, in accordance with the protection algorithms, the control commands of the output relays and alarm systems, which are transmitted through the WWRF 26 through channel 14 to the control objects me and alarm. More information on

the microprocessor control system for output relays and signaling in accordance with protection algorithms is given in [NN Chernobrovov, V. A. Semenov "Relay protection of energy systems" 1998, pp. 778-783].

In addition to performing protection and automation functions, the processor 22 of the microcontroller 20 provides an exchange with a personal computer and automatic control system via channels 12 and 13, through drivers 23 and 24, respectively.

The digital device provides the following operational capabilities:

- performance of protection, automation and control functions;

- local and remote setting of the internal configuration programmatically and its storage. Automatic or remote switching of settings and configuration programs;

- alarm operation of protection and automation, the position of switching devices, device malfunctions;

- registration and storage of oscillograms, a log of emergency and operational events, accumulative information about the number and time of starts and trips of protections and automation;

- the user sets the parameters of the recorded waveforms: start conditions, the amount of recorded information and the duration of the accident recording;

- monitoring and indicating the position of the circuit breaker, as well as the serviceability of its control circuits, local and remote control of the circuit breaker, switching control mode, circuit breaker diagnostics;

- measurement of current electrical parameters of the protected object;

- technical accounting of electricity;

- determination of the place of damage;

- the function of the calendar and clock of astronomical time with synchronization of the clock on ACS;

- continuous operational performance monitoring (self-diagnosis) throughout the entire operation time;

- blocking of all outputs in the event of a device malfunction to eliminate false alarms;

- galvanic isolation of all inputs and outputs, to ensure high noise immunity;

- high resistance and insulation strength of the inputs and outputs relative to the housing and between each other to increase the resistance of the device to overvoltages arising in the secondary circuits of switchgear;

- protection against false positives of discrete input circuits of the device in case of interference and insulation violations in the circuits of the operational current of the switchgear;

- User reprogramming of basic functional software.

Basic protection functions performed by the device:

- three-stage maximum current protection against interphase faults with current control in two or three phases;

- directional or non-directional protection against single-phase earth faults with zero-sequence current control, its high-frequency components and zero-sequence voltage;

- protection against phase failure and load asymmetry in reverse sequence current;

- protection against unbalanced mode by voltage of the negative sequence;

- undervoltage protection with line voltage and reverse sequence voltage control;

- overvoltage protection with line voltage and reverse sequence voltage control;

- differential current cutoff.

Basic automation functions performed by the device:

- automatic inclusion of a reserve with automatic restoration of the normal mode circuit;

- double automatic repeated inclusion;

- redundancy for failures of circuit breakers with current control;

- logical tire protection;

- execution of commands of an external device of frequency automation.

Alarm functions performed by the device:

- triggering of protection and automation;

- alarm;

- ringing alarm;

- generalized alarm.

Functions for measuring network parameters performed by the device:

- measurement of current values of currents and voltages;

- measurement of current values 3I ₀ ;

- calculation of phase shifts between the main harmonics of the current 3I ₀ and voltage 3U ₀ , phase currents I _A , I _C and line voltages U _BC , U _AB, respectively;

- calculation of currents and voltages of the forward and reverse sequence;

- calculation of current 3I ₀ and voltage 3U ₀ for phase currents and voltages;

- frequency measurement;

- calculation of the power factor cosφ;

- calculation of active, reactive and apparent power;

- the maximeter of the measured values.

The built-in divariant control panel has two versions:

- for indicator alarm (remote control "C");

- to configure the device and read information without using a PC (remote control "D").

The remote control "C" contains 16 LEDs. The function of each of them can be programmatically assigned by the user using the appropriate software.

The remote control "D" contains a graphic display with a resolution of 128 × 64 for displaying the menu and six buttons for navigating the menu, viewing, entering or resetting information.

Thus, the introduction of analog signals, a divider remote control and a front panel into a driver, and into a microprocessor-based control system for output relays and alarms in accordance with the microcontroller, second register and second driver protection algorithms -

expands the functionality of the device and makes it an absolutely universal device that removes almost all problems when ordering, designing, upgrading switchgear at the facility and determining the composition of spare parts, and also provides a long service life, solving the problem of the device’s obsolescence.

The exclusion from the device, in comparison with the prototype, of an analog-to-digital converter, a block of frequency filters and a transceiver led to a decrease in the dimensions of the device by 2 times (see Figure 6).

Claims (1)

A digital relay protection device containing galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of current and voltage and a microprocessor control system for output relays and alarm in accordance with protection algorithms, and the microprocessor control system for output relays and alarm in accordance with protection algorithms contains a random access memory , read-only memory, clock, register, analog I / O device, discrete I / O device yes-output and serial channel driver, the second group of inputs and outputs of the microprocessor control system for output relays and signaling in accordance with protection algorithms is a group of inputs and outputs for communication with external devices, the third group of inputs and outputs of a microprocessor control system for output relays and alarm in in accordance with protection algorithms, it is a group of inputs and outputs for communication with a PC, characterized in that it contains an analog signal driver, a divariable control panel, and the main panel, the group of inputs and outputs of which is connected to the fifth group of inputs and outputs of the microprocessor control system of the output relays and the alarm in accordance with protection algorithms, the group of inputs of which is connected to the group of outputs of the analog signal generator, the first and second groups of inputs of which are connected to the groups of outputs of the blocks galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of current and voltage, respectively, the fourth group of inputs and outputs of the microprocessor system is controlled in accordance with protection algorithms, the output relays and the alarm system are connected to the control panel I / O group, the microprocessor control system of the output relays and alarm in accordance with the protection algorithms contains a microcontroller, a second register and a second serial channel driver, the input / output group of which is the first group of inputs and outputs of the microprocessor control system of output relays and alarm in accordance with protection algorithms.