RU192293U1 - Relay protection and automation - Google Patents

Abstract

This utility model relates to electronic devices, namely, relay protection and automation devices, and can be used as part of software and hardware systems for digital electrical substations. The claimed relay protection and automation device contains a backplane 1 and analog and analog receiving units that interact with it discrete signals according to digital protocols 2, the unit for measuring the parameters of the electric mode 3, the block for the implementation of the relay protection functions 4, the block for the implementation of the emergency functions Automation 5, control actions issuing unit via digital protocols 6, event logging unit 7, information exchange unit with control centers via digital protocols 8, continuous self-diagnosis unit 9 and system time synchronization unit using digital protocols 10. Moreover, the analog and discrete signals 2 is equipped with interfaces for inputting analog signals using the IEC-61850-9-2 protocol (Sampled Values) and interfaces for inputting analog and discrete signals using the IEC-61850-8-1 protocols (GOOSE, MMS). The system time synchronization unit for digital protocols 10 is made with the support of PTP, NTP and SNTP protocols. The technical result consists in expanding the possibilities for the interaction of relay protection and automation devices with devices of an electric network of 110-220 kV class in accordance with digital data transfer protocols. 3 s.p. f-ly, 1 Fig.

Description

Technical field

This utility model relates to electronic devices, namely, relay protection and automation devices, and can be used as part of software and hardware systems (PTC) for digital electrical substations.

State of the art

The prior art microprocessor-based relay protection and automation device, disclosed in the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2 645 750 (IPC H02H7 / 00, publ. 02.28.2018) is a prototype. The known device comprises a processor module, a real-time clock module, a memory unit, communication interfaces, a power supply unit integrated by a common data bus. At the same time, relay protective automation modules are connected to the processor module, including measuring modules consisting of an analog input module and a digital input module, a relay module, which is a digital output module, and a combined digital input / output module. Communication interfaces are represented by RS-485, Ethernet, USB. The processor module provides transmission, normalization, digitization, reading, diagnostics of connected discrete, analog, network modules, and is also responsible for the operation of relay protection logic, stores algorithm settings, logs and controls the output relays of the device. The memory block is configured to store a bootloader that implements the functions of relay protection and automation. The technical result of the known device is to increase the reliability of the electric networks 6-35 kV due to the implementation of the voltage control function.

However, the known technical solution does not provide for work in electric networks of voltage classes 110-220 kV, in connection with this, it has a limited set of implemented protections and automatics, meets less stringent requirements in terms of time synchronization, and for these reasons cannot be used to ensure reliable operation networks of this voltage class.

Utility Model Disclosure

The technical problem, the solution of which the present utility model is aimed at, is to ensure reliable operation of the electric power system by performing the functions of relay protection of the elements of such a system and emergency control systems.

The technical result achieved by this utility model is to expand the capabilities for the interaction of relay protection and automation devices with other devices of a digital substation of voltage class 110-220 kV in accordance with digital data transfer protocols.

The technical result is achieved by this useful model, in accordance with which a relay protection and automation device containing a backplane and a unit for measuring electric mode parameters interacting with it, a block for implementing relay protection functions, a block for implementing emergency control functions, a block for issuing control actions via digital protocols, the event logging unit, the continuous self-diagnosis unit, in contrast to the prototype, further comprises an analog and discrete reception unit signals via digital protocols, an information exchange unit with control centers using digital protocols and a system time synchronization unit using digital protocols that interact with the backplane, while the analog and discrete signal receiving unit is equipped with interfaces for inputting analog signals using the IEC-61850-9- protocol 2 (Sampled Values) and interfaces for inputting analog and discrete signals according to IEC-61850-8-1 (GOOSE, MMS) protocols, and the system time synchronization unit using digital protocols is implemented with support for PTP, N protocols TP and SNTP.

The input analog and discrete signals are represented by digitized analog and discrete signals.

Some of the terms mentioned in the formula of this utility model are defined below to provide additional clarity.

The term relay protection and relay protection means relay protection and automation.

The terms IEC-61850-8-1 (GOOSE, MMS) and IEC-61850-9-2 (Sampled Values) mean network protocols, according to which they provide the exchange of signals between digital electrical substation devices in digital form.

The terms PTP, NTP, and SNTP are understood to mean time synchronization protocols over a computer network.

This utility model is illustrated by one figure, which shows a functional diagram of the claimed relay protection device and automation.

Utility Model Implementation

In accordance with the functional diagram presented in the figure, the relay protection device comprises a backplane 1 and the functional blocks 2-10 interacting with it. As a block is understood the totality of the hardware elements of the device and the programmed commands executed by them to ensure interaction between the blocks and implement the functions of the device. Hardware elements can be represented by elements commonly used in instrumentation, such as microprocessors, memory devices of operative and permanent, non-volatile memory, digital, analog and discrete interfaces, as well as, if necessary, elements of a human-machine interface to ensure interaction with a computer network operator or by another user, but not limited to these examples of hardware elements. In accordance with the reference positions on the functional diagram, the device contains the following blocks:

- a unit for receiving analog and discrete signals using digital protocols 2;

- unit for measuring the parameters of the electric mode 3;

- block implementation of the functions of relay protection 4;

- unit for the implementation of emergency control functions 5;

- block issuing control actions by digital protocols 6;

- block event logging 7;

- information exchange unit with control centers via digital protocols 8;

- continuous self-diagnosis unit 9;

- block synchronization of system time by digital protocols 10.

Block 2 provides the input of analog and discrete signals through digital interfaces designed to input such signals in accordance with the protocols IEC-61850-9-2 (Sampled Values) (for analog signals), IEC-61850-8-1 (GOOSE, MMS) (for analog and discrete signals). Based on these signals, at block 3, electrical parameters are measured. The measured parameters can be represented by the direct current voltage and its effective value, direct current power and its effective value, alternating current frequency, phase angle (phase shift between any two sinusoidal signals), electric power (phase active, reactive and total; total active reactive and total) and power factor. Depending on the values of the measured parameters of the electric mode on the blocks 4 and 5, the corresponding functions of relay protection and emergency automation can be performed.

Examples of relay protection functions performed by unit 4 are distance protection; zero directional current protection; directional high-frequency protection; current cutoff; overcurrent protection; redundancy in case of circuit breaker failure; automatic restart; phase failure protection; synchronism control; automatic control switch; differential line protection; protection against non-switching phases of the circuit breaker and in-phase mode.

Examples of emergency automation functions performed by block 5 are automatic elimination of the asynchronous mode, elimination of the asynchronous mode by current swings, limitation of voltage increase, limitation of voltage reduction, limitation of reduction and increase of frequency, limitation of equipment overload, unloading during overload by power, unloading during short circuit Special automation load disconnection; control of the previous mode, fixing the shutdown of one and two lines, fixing the shutdown of one and two transformers, fixing the shutdown of the unit, fixing the shutdown of the bus system, fixing the power dump, fixing the severity of the short circuit, monitoring the secondary voltage circuits; automation of advanced division of the network and regulation of transformers under load.

The above functions ensure reliable operation of the power system of voltage classes 110-220 kV for relay protection and classes 110-750 kV for emergency control automation.

When performing one or more functions by blocks 4 and 5, on block 6, the control action is provided by digital protocols, in particular, according to the IEC-61850-8-1 (GOOSE) protocol. Each emergency event is recorded by block 7 and writes data on each or some registered events to the event log. The event data, in addition to its identifier and text component, also includes oscillograms of the electric mode and network traffic, as well as data of the pre-emergency electric mode. Emergency events are recorded automatically when the electrical mode changes, which satisfies one or more of the following conditions:

- a change in the value of any of the measured parameters above / below a given set point;

- change in the state of a discrete signal;

- change in the state of the combination (AND, OR) of discrete signals;

- detection of network traffic events when it is automatically detected or upon receipt of a command to manually start the oscilloscope.

Preferably, the storage of the waveform is provided in the non-volatile memory of the device. At the request of the user or automatically on block 7, an emergency event report can be generated, including selected or specified entries from the event log.

Block 8 provides information exchange of the device with control centers via digital protocols. Preferably, the digital protocols may be represented by the protocols of IEC-61850-8-1 (GOOSE, MMS), other protocols of the IEC-61850 standard. For example, information exchange with control centers can be carried out to generate an alarm in the event that an event requiring oscillography of the emergency electrical mode was recorded on block 7. In the general case, on block 8, the following information is generated for their issuance by digital protocols: values of the parameters of the electric mode, values of discrete signals, information about malfunctions.

To ensure the overall operability of the relay protection device, it also included continuous self-diagnosis units 9 and system time synchronization using digital protocols 10. At block 9, parameters such as the temperature of the device’s processor, voltage on its power supplies, the status of network connections using digital protocols are monitored, the availability of accurate time sources for synchronizing system time, and, in particular, the state and resource of drives of operational and permanent, non-volatile memory. If any malfunction is detected, block 9 transmits data about it to block 8 for their subsequent issuance to control centers and to block 7 for its registration as an event in the event log.

The system time is synchronized on block 10 to ensure correct interaction with other devices of the electric power system, in conjunction with which the relay protection device is used. System time synchronization is preferably provided via the digital protocols PTP, NTP and SNTP.

A device manufactured in accordance with this utility model can be made in a housing that provides a given protection class depending on the conditions of its use: as a part of server equipment in a server room or as a terminal device in more difficult conditions of an industrial facility. Depending on the requirements for the appearance of the product, the device can be equipped with a human-machine interface, which simplifies interaction with the operator or other user. Elements of the human-machine interface can be represented by elements traditionally used for these purposes, for example, indicators of power and operating mode, sound alarms, and other controls. As interfaces that provide information exchange with other devices, Ethernet interfaces can be used.

The claimed device can be used as follows

In accordance with the generally accepted requirements for the operation of electric power systems, protection must be provided for each or most of their elements from emergency conditions, for example, from the occurrence of short-circuit currents that can damage equipment. The claimed relay protection and automation device is connected to the digital buses of the software and hardware complex of the digital substation, due to which information is exchanged on the current operating parameters of the protected equipment according to the IEC-61850 standard protocols. The primary data on the operation of EPS elements having analog and discrete outputs can be transmitted to the substation's computer network by means of, respectively, analog and discrete interface devices installed near the signal source, i.e. individual elements of EPS. The digitized measurement values then go to the inputs of the claimed relay protection and automation equipment. As soon as a fixed event is fixed on the relay protection device, for example, when the measured current exceeds a predetermined value (set point), the corresponding control action is issued by such a device. An example of such an effect can be the issuance of a command to turn off the circuit breaker of the protected element so that an emergency current does not flow through it. The command is issued in digital form, for example, in accordance with the IEC-61850-8-1 (GOOSE) protocol.

Among the advantages of the claimed relay protection and automation equipment, it should also be noted that digital data is exchanged, eliminating the use of traditional analog circuits. Interaction via the digital bus PTC substation can be carried out, including with measuring transducers designed to collect measurements of the parameters of the electrical mode or determine the positions of switching devices. Support for this type of interaction eliminates the need to convert analog and discrete signals into digital form on the device itself. This provides savings on materials used for the manufacture of switching cables, in particular copper, and the use of digital signal processing ensures the reliability of their transmission.

The utility model was created as part of the project "Development of a scalable software and hardware complex for the management of electrical substations based on the IEC 61850 protocol", implemented within the framework of Agreement No. 075-02-2018-1219 of November 15, 2018 (internal agreement number 14.578. 21.0226, the start date of the project on September 26, 2017) between the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation and the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin ”, unique identifier of works (project) RFMEFI57817X0226, state registration number R&D AAAA-A17-117122990006-4, industrial partner for the project, LLC Prosoft-Systems.

Claims (4)

1. A relay protection and automation device, comprising a backplane and an electric mode measurement unit interacting with it, a relay protection function implementation unit, an emergency control function implementation unit, a digital signal output control unit, an event logging unit, a continuous self-diagnosis unit, characterized in that it further comprises a unit for receiving analog and discrete signals via digital protocols, an information exchange unit with control centers for digital protocols and a system time synchronization unit for digital protocols, interacting with the backplane, while the aforementioned unit for receiving analog and discrete signals is equipped with interfaces for inputting analog signals using the Sampled Values protocol and interfaces for inputting analog and discrete signals using the GOOSE and MMS protocols, and the system time synchronization unit for digital protocols is made with support for the PTP, NTP and SNTP protocols. 2. Relay protection device according to claim 1, in which the input analog and discrete signals are represented by digitized analog and discrete signals. 3. Relay protection device according to claim 1, in which the unit for the implementation of relay protection functions is configured to implement distance protection; zero directional current protection; directional high-frequency protection; current cutoff; maximum current protection; redundancy in case of circuit breaker failure; automatic re-enable; phase failure protection; synchronism control; automatic control circuit breaker; differential line protection; protection against non-switching phases of the circuit breaker and in-phase mode. 4. Relay protection and automation device according to claim 1, in which the unit for implementing emergency control functions is configured to implement the functions of automatic elimination of the asynchronous mode, elimination of the asynchronous mode by current swings, limiting the increase in voltage, limiting the decrease in voltage, limiting the decrease and increasing the frequency, limiting the equipment overload unloading during overload by power, unloading during short circuit, special automatic equipment for disconnecting the load; monitoring the previous mode, fixing the shutdown of one and two lines, fixing the shutdown of one and two transformers, fixing the shutdown of the unit, fixing the shutdown of the bus system, fixing the power dump, fixing the severity of the short circuit, monitoring the secondary voltage circuits; automation of advanced network division and regulation of transformers under load.

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