RU65338U1 - A MACHINE FOR PREPARING FOR SOILING OF SOLID MINERAL FERTILIZERS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular for the preparation of solid mineral fertilizers for their introduction into the soil when sowing grain crops. The machine includes a receiving hopper 2 mounted on a common frame 1, a grinding device 3, a screen 4, a tray for unpowered fertilizers 5, an aspiration system consisting of a receiving chamber 6, a pneumatic channel 7 and a cyclone 8, a chain-slat conveyor 9 with a receiving chamber 10. Downloadable by a loader in the receiving hopper 1, solid mineral fertilizers are crushed in the gap between the drums 3, equal to 2d _max , wake up on the screen 4, where they are separated. Granules with a size of not more than 5 mm are sifted through a sieve and dedusted in the receiving chamber of the suction device 6. The dust fraction is transported through the pneumatic channel 7 and deposited in the cyclone 8, then it is removed from the cyclone through the lock gate. The dust-free mass of ready-made fertilizers enters the receiving chamber of an additionally installed belt conveyor, with the help of which it is loaded into transport and technological means for delivery to the field and application to the soil. Large particles of fertilizer (not crushed in one cycle) enter the tray for unmilled fertilizers 5 and, using a chain-slat conveyor 9, are transported to the loading hopper 2 for re-grinding 1 sludge.

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular for the preparation of solid mineral fertilizers for their introduction into the soil when sowing grain crops.

A known machine for preparing for applying solid mineral fertilizers to the soil of the VNIPTIMESH design, containing a rotary separator for unloading and grinding the packed part of these fertilizers and sieving them (see Technical support for intensive technologies. - M .: Rosagropromizdat, 1988. - 271 p.) . The main disadvantages of this machine are the low quality of technological operations and the high content of the dust fraction in the finished product (particle size less than 1 mm).

A well-known machine for preparing mineral fertilizers AIR-20, having working bodies in the form of drums with beater bars and pins installed on their surface (see Machines for agrochemical works: Reference book. - M.: Rosagropromizdat, 1991. - 320 p.). The separating device is made in the form of a rod reflector and a block of rotating rocking chairs. The main disadvantages of this machine are the strong overgrinding (destruction) of the fertilizer granules, the low quality of the separation process and the high content of the dust fraction in the finished product.

The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed utility model in terms of features is the ABM-100 solid mineral fertilizer preparation machine, which contains a loading hopper, preliminary and final grinding drums, preliminary and final screening screens and a shipping conveyor (see ABM-100 Machine for the preparation of mineral fertilizers // Technique in

agriculture. - 1984. - No. 5. - S. 59.). The disadvantages of this machine are the high energy and metal consumption and the increased content of the pulverulent fraction in the finished product.

The purpose of developing the proposed utility model is to reduce energy and metal consumption, as well as to improve the quality of the process of preparing solid mineral fertilizers for application to the soil.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the proposed utility model has the following features.

1. To destroy the caked part of solid mineral fertilizers, a block of drums is used, rotating towards each other with the same angular velocity. One of the drums is spring-loaded and has the ability to deviate when hard-to-grind materials fall into the gap between the drums. The gap between the drums should be within 2d _max , where d _max is the maximum diameter of the granules of the fertilizers used.

2. The screen for sifting the fertilizers passed through the grinding drums ends with an inclined tray installed at a certain angle, which serves to feed the unmilled part of the packed fertilizers into the receiving chamber of the chain-slat conveyor, which ensures their transportation to the hopper for repeated destruction.

3. To remove the dust fraction formed by the destruction of the packed part of the fertilizers (particle size less than 1 mm), an aspiration device consisting of a cyclone, air ducts and a receiving chamber installed at the place where the fertilizers descended from the screen was mounted on the machine frame. Removing the pulverulent fraction reduces the caking of fertilizers in the fertilizer boxes of transport technology and sowing machines and ensures uninterrupted supply of these fertilizers to the vas deferens and their introduction into the soil.

The figure shows the technological scheme of the proposed machine for the preparation of solid mineral fertilizers for application to the soil. She

It is used as a stationary machine and includes the following main components: frame 1, with a receiving hopper 2 installed on it, a chopping device 3, a screen 4, a tray for unfinished fertilizers 5, an aspiration system consisting of a receiving chamber 6, a pneumatic channel 7 and a cyclone 8, chain plate conveyor 9 with a receiving chamber 10.

The machine carries out the operations of destruction (grinding) of the packed part of solid mineral fertilizers, removal of mechanical impurities and large (larger than 5 mm) particles, removal of dust particles from the main fraction (size less than 1 mm).

The technological process is as follows. Solid mineral fertilizers are loaded by a loader into the receiving hopper 2, from where they are fed by gravity to the grinding drums 3 and, passing through an adjustable gap between them, are crushed and wake up to the screen 4. At the screen, the loose bulk fertilizers are separated. Granules with a size of not more than 5 mm are sifted through a sieve and enter the receiving chamber of the suction device 6, where the operation of removing the pulverulent fraction from the total mass of fertilizers is carried out, which is transported through the pneumatic channel 7 and deposited in the cyclone 8. It is then removed from the lock cyclone. The dust-free mass of finished fertilizers enters the receiving chamber of an additionally installed belt conveyor (not shown in the figure), with the help of which it is loaded into transport and technological means for delivery to the field and application to the soil. Large particles of fertilizer (not crushed in one cycle) enter the tray for unmilled fertilizers 5 and then, using a chain-slat conveyor 9, are transported to the loading hopper 2 for re-grinding.

Using the proposed utility model provides the preparation of solid mineral fertilizers for application to the soil in accordance with

agrotechnical requirements, reduction of power consumption by 1.5-1.8 times in comparison with AIR-20 and ABM-100 with a productivity of 18-23 t / h of the finished product.

Claims (1)

A machine for preparing for the introduction of solid mineral fertilizers into the soil, containing a receiving hopper mounted on a common frame, a grinding device in the form of drums and screens rotating towards each other, characterized in that the machine is additionally equipped with an aspiration system to remove dust fractions from the total mass of ground fertilizers (size particles less than 1 mm) and a chain-slat conveyor for transporting the unmilled part of fertilizers for re-grinding into the feed hopper, while the gap between and grinding drums should not exceed 2d _max .