RU63491U1 - BIOMASS BURNING DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for burning biomass and may find application in industrial heat power engineering. The purpose of developing a utility model is to create a device for burning biomass, which will allow for the transition from liquid petroleum fuel to solid fossil fuel in industrial heat production without replacing the boiler unit. At the same time, high efficiency will be maintained. existing boilers, which will not reduce their thermal performance and optimize the consumption of solid fossil fuels (biomass). The technical task is to develop a device for burning biomass, in which a high-temperature flow of burning gas is obtained, which is not inferior in its characteristics to the flue gases of liquid oil fuel burners. The goal is achieved, and the technical problem is solved in that the device for burning biomass with a tangential air inlet consists of a gas generator, the inner surface of which is lined with a refractory lining, equipped with a fuel feed screw, an inspection window, a door for cleaning and preliminary ignition, and a place for docking with a mixing chamber , with a blast grate, the diameter of the holes of which is determined by the ratio of 2 mm <d <20 mm, of refractory material, and a mixing chamber equipped with an inlet, air duct and air with a manifold made in the form of an outer casing of the mixer, through which air is supplied through inflatable holes located at an angle of 10-12 degrees to the radius of the mixing chamber, in an amount of less than 60% of the volume necessary for complete combustion of the fuel, and lined with refractory lining, which has a number of holes for blowing air, the throughput of which is regulated by air dampers, moreover, the gas generator and the mixing chamber are located horizontally and coaxially. The air supply to the mixing chamber at an angle of 10-12 degrees ensures the swirling of the gas stream, which increases its residence time in the mixing chamber and improves the mixing of air and combustible gas. The technical result of the use of the inventive device for burning biomass is to preserve the parameters of industrial boiler units when transferring them from the use of liquid petroleum fuel to burning biomass.

Description

The claimed technical solution relates to devices for burning biomass and may find application in industrial heat power engineering.

A significant increase in market prices for fuel oil and heating oil makes it relevant to transfer industrial and municipal liquid fuel boiler plants to the use of biomass. A wide range of raw materials can be considered as biomass burned: wood processing waste, substandard wood, peat, sapropel, dry manure, straw, husk, sewage sludge, household waste, energy grass and other types of combustible fossil fuels.

When biomass is burned in boilers, originally designed for liquid fuel, the main problem is a significant reduction in efficiency. use of heat content of fuel. This effect is explained by different temperatures of the flue gases obtained by burning liquid petroleum fuels and biomass. High-calorie liquid petroleum fuel, burning, develops a temperature of more than 1200 degrees Celsius, which ensures efficiency boilers at least 90%. Biomass is not a high-calorie fuel and, as a rule, contains water, which, when burning, does not allow obtaining a temperature of flue gases of more than 850 degrees Celsius. The supply of flue gases with a temperature of 850 degrees Celsius to the heat exchanger of a fuel oil boiler, designed for 1200 degrees, leads to a decrease in efficiency from 90% to 60-65%. Decrease in efficiency leads to reduced productivity of boiler equipment and excessive consumption of fuel. No technical solutions have been found in the prior art that are capable of burning biomass to obtain a temperature of flue gases of at least 1200 degrees Celsius and, thereby, ensure passport performance of boiler equipment while saving combustible fuel.

The prior art is represented by an analog of the claimed technical solution - a cyclone pre-furnace containing a cyclone chamber, a afterburner, a grate located in the cyclone chamber, and tangential nozzles. The design of the furnace provides for two-stage burning of wood waste in the lower and upper combustion chambers. The crushed fuel from the hopper is fed by a hydraulic plunger through a large diameter pipe to the grate

grill through a special hole in its center. The resulting conical pile of wood waste is ignited by a gas pilot burner that automatically shuts off after the start of sustainable fuel combustion (E.N. Saburov, S.V. Karpov. Cyclonic devices in woodworking and pulp and paper production. M: Ecology, 1993, pp. .77-79). In this analogue, the cyclone pre-furnace described in the book by E. Saburov and Karpova S.V., a classic vertical furnace design is implemented, which is convenient in that it enters the afterburner due to the effect of gravity on burnt, decreasing pieces of fuel.

However, in such a vertical design of the cyclone chamber and the afterburner, there are drawbacks in the fact that when burning biomass in such a device it is impossible to obtain a temperature of flue gases of more than 850 degrees Celsius, which in the future, when flue gases with a temperature of 850 degrees Celsius are fed into the oil heat exchanger the boiler, designed for 1200 degrees, leads to a decrease in efficiency

The prior art is represented by a cyclone preheater (PROTOTYPE) according to the invention according to invention patent No. 2196273 dated 05.22.2001, IPC-7: F23C 5/32, F23C 6/04, published January 10, 2003, and protecting the cyclone preheater device, containing a cyclone chamber, a chamber for afterburning large fractions of fuel, a grate, a tangential nozzle for introducing a stream and an outlet pipe, the afterburning chamber being mounted under the cyclone chamber, while these chambers are separated by clamping with a shoulder, the grate is made conical and split it is burnt in the afterburner, and the outlet pipe is located on the side surface of the afterburner. In the design of the prototype also used a vertical diagram of the device, and the pre-furnace prototype consists of a cyclone chamber and afterburner, while in the claimed technical solution, the afterburning is carried out in the boiler. In the claimed technical solution, the gas generator chamber and the mixing chamber act as the cyclone chamber of the prototype.

The disadvantage of this design of the cyclone preheater is the upper end exit of the flue gas, which creates additional difficulties in the arrangement of the device with the boiler unit, and also does not allow the use of the entire working volume of the boiler combustion chamber.

Common features of the prototype and the claimed utility model is

tangential air injection into the biomass combustion device.

The difference of the claimed technical solution lies in the fact that the gas generator chamber and the mixing chamber are located coaxially in a horizontal orientation, which reduces the range of burning gases and ensures a high combustion temperature.

The purpose of the development of the proposed technical solution is to create a device for burning biomass, which will allow for the industrial production of heat to switch from liquid petroleum fuel to solid fossil fuels without replacing the boiler unit. At the same time, high efficiency will be maintained. existing boilers, which will not reduce their thermal performance and optimize the consumption of solid fossil fuels (biomass).

The technical task is to develop a device for burning biomass, in which a high-temperature flow of burning gas is obtained, which is not inferior in its characteristics to the flue gases of liquid oil fuel burners.

The essence of the claimed utility model is that to achieve this goal, a device for burning biomass with a tangential air inlet is proposed, consisting of a gas generator, the inner surface of which is lined with a refractory lining, equipped with a fuel supply screw, an inspection window, a door for cleaning and preliminary ignition and a place for docking with a mixing chamber, with a blast grill, the diameter of the holes of which is determined by the ratio of 2 mm <d <20 mm, of refractory material and the mixing chamber, with equipped with an inlet, an air duct and an air manifold, through which air is supplied through inflatable holes located at an angle of 10-12 degrees to the radius of the mixing chamber, in an amount of less than 60% of the volume necessary for complete combustion of fuel, made in the form of an external casing of the mixer and lined with refractory lining, in which there are a number of holes for blowing air, the throughput of which is regulated by air dampers, moreover, the gas generator and the mixing chamber are located horizontally and oosno.

Air enters the air manifold from the duct. The air flow passing through inflatable openings located at an angle of 10-12 degrees to the radius of the mixing chamber is mixed with combustible gases coming from the gas generator in the ratio necessary for complete combustion of the fuel, and through the exhaust outlet enters the combustion chamber of the boiler unit. Air supply

into the mixing chamber at an angle of 10-12 degrees ensures the swirling of the gas stream, which increases the time spent in the mixing chamber and improves the mixing of air and combustible gas.

The technical result of the use of the inventive device for burning biomass is to preserve the parameters of industrial boiler units when transferring them from the use of liquid petroleum fuel to burning biomass.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawings of figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 shows a gas generator, where:

1 - refractory lining;

2 - fuel feed screw;

3 - docking with the mixing chamber;

4 - viewing window;

5 - door for cleaning and preliminary ignition;

6 - blast grate of refractory material;

7 - an air collector.

Figure 2 shows the mixing chamber, where:

1 - inlet for gas inlet from the gas generator;

2 - a series of inflatable holes located at an angle to the radius of the chamber;

3 - a number of adjustable air dampers;

4 - an air collector;

5 - air inlet tangent to the inner diameter of the chamber;

6 - duct for air inlet;

7 - an outlet for a gas-air mixture.

A device for burning biomass consists of a gas generator (Fig. 1) with a refractory lining 1 and a fuel supply screw 2, equipped with a docking point with a mixing chamber 3, an inspection window 4, a door for cleaning and preliminary ignition 5, a blasting grate 6 made of refractory material and an air collector 7, as well as from the mixing chamber (figure 2) with a number of inflatable holes 2 located at an angle to the radius of the chamber, a number of adjustable air dampers 3 and an air collector 4.

A device for burning biomass works as follows:

Solid organic fuel is supplied by a screw batcher (Fig. 1, pos. 2) to a gas generator, where air is supplied simultaneously with fuel through an air collector (Fig. 1, pos. 7) in an amount of less than 60% of the volume necessary for complete combustion of fuel. Air is supplied to the gas generator through the blower grill from

refractory material (figure 1, pos.6), while the diameter of the holes provides an air flow rate of 40-50 m / s. This avoids falling solid fuel into the air manifold and loosens burning fuel. The inner surface of the gas generator is lined with refractory lining (figure 1, position 1). The gas generator has a viewing window (figure 1, position 4), a door for cleaning and preliminary ignition (figure 1, position 5) and a place for docking with the mixing chamber (figure 1, position 3). The mixing chamber (Fig. 2) serves to mix the combustible gas coming from the gas generator (Fig. 1) with the additional amount of air necessary for further complete combustion of the fuel. Combustible gas from the gas generator (Fig. 1) enters the mixing chamber through the inlet (Fig. 2, Item 1). The mixing chamber is lined with a refractory lining, while in the lining there are a number of holes for blowing air (figure 2, position 2), the throughput of which is regulated by air dampers (figure 2, position 3). Air enters the mixing chamber through the air manifold (figure 2, position 4), made in the form of an outer casing of the mixer. Air enters the air manifold from the duct (FIG. 2, item 6). The air flow passing through the inflatable openings (figure 2, position 2), located at an angle of 10-12 degrees to the radius of the mixing chamber, is mixed with combustible gases coming from the gas generator (figure 1), in the ratio necessary for complete combustion fuel, and through the outlet (Fig. 2, item 7) enters the combustion chamber of the boiler unit.

The inventive technical device is built into the boiler unit instead of a liquid fuel burner and provides the heat exchangers of the boiler with high temperature flue gases. At the same time, the thermal performance of the boiler and efficiency is practically not reduced fuel use. The claimed technical solution allows to form a gas mixture of air and gaseous fuel obtained in the inventive device from combusted biomass, and finally burn this gas mixture directly in the combustion chamber of the boiler device. This allows you to apply a gas torch with a temperature of 1200 degrees Celsius to the heat exchangers of the boiler, which will provide a high efficiency boiler operation and economical use of biomass burned.

The prior art did not find such a combination of cost-effectiveness and technical efficiency, which allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of "novelty" and "industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

A device for burning biomass with a tangential air inlet, characterized in that it consists of a gas generator, the inner surface of which is lined with a refractory lining, equipped with an inspection window, a door for cleaning and preliminary ignition and a place for docking with a mixing chamber, with a blow grate, the diameter of the holes of which is determined ratio 2 mm <d <20 mm, of refractory material, and a mixing chamber equipped with an inlet, air duct and air manifold, made in the form of an outer casing a mixer, through which air is supplied in an amount of less than 60% of the volume necessary for complete combustion of fuel, through inflatable holes located at an angle of 10-12 ° to the radius of the mixing chamber, and lined with a refractory lining, in which there are a number of holes for blowing air, the throughput of which is regulated by air dampers, the gas generator and the mixing chamber being horizontally and coaxially.