RU62924U1 - INSTALLATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CONTINUOUS INORGANIC FIBERS FROM ROCKS "KIBOL MODULE" - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the design of plants for the production of continuous inorganic fibers from rock melts, mainly with a narrow production interval and low heat transparency, for example, basalts, diabases, amphibolites, andesites, dacites, rhyolites and other rocks. U. contains a furnace for receiving the melt connected to the feeder, a working hole and a heated feeder with dies located below the working hole, and, according to the invention, a transition chamber is installed at the output of the feeder, designed to create a thin-layer melt stream, in the case of which there is a working hole , the transition chamber is equipped with a heater, a threshold is set at the entrance to the transition chamber, an adjustable gate is set above the threshold, which are designed to obtain the melt flow required thickness and quality, and the bottom of the transition chamber has a slope directed towards the production opening. The installation, in addition, is equipped with a storage bath, installed between the outlet of the furnace for receiving the melt and the feeder, designed to obtain a melt, uniform in composition and temperature. Another feature of U. is that it is equipped with a device for releasing the melt from iron-containing impurities, made in the form of a constant or pulsating current source, the electrodes of which are installed at the input of the feeder, connected to the corresponding poles of the current source, and are designed to pass current through the melt. The proposed utility model is based on the task of creating a carbon fiber that would increase the strength, chemical and heat resistance of the obtained fibers by creating conditions in the zone of the production opening to reduce the amount of impurities in the flow and to obtain a melt uniform in composition and temperature in the said zone installation. This is achieved by the fact that the adjustable gate installed at the entrance to the transition chamber does not allow the upper layer of the melt flow to pass to the extraction hole — foam, and the threshold set below the adjustable gate does not pass the lower melt layer with heavy non-melted rock particles into the transition chamber, which significantly reduces the probability of formation of stress concentrators in the resulting fiber, as well as the likelihood of clogging dies.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to installations for the production of continuous inorganic fibers from rock melts, characterized by a narrow production interval and low heat transparency, for example, basalts. diabases, amphibolites, andesites, dacites, rhyolites and other rocks.

The most successful real utility model can be used to produce continuous inorganic fibers from highly heat-resistant melts with low heat transparency, for example, basalts, diabases, amphibolites, andesites, dacites, rhyolites and other rocks. These fibers can be used to produce high-temperature woven and woven materials; knitwear, piercing, needle-punched, knitting-piercing products used as heat and sound insulation and filtration materials; materials for composite products, and other products.

The improvement and development of industry poses a number of new challenges, among which is the further improvement of the technology for producing new materials with such properties as high heat resistance, non-toxicity, biological neutrality. Engineering products, and metallurgy, and the chemical industry, and the electronics industry, and instrument making, and the building materials industry are especially in need of products from such materials. Currently, nuclear materials, oil and gas production are particularly in need of these materials and their products: this is, first of all, thermal insulation of industrial facilities and equipment, maintenance personnel, this is high-temperature filtration, separation of oil from air, oil from water; oil from water. These requirements are largely satisfied by products from basalt and other fibers, the only drawback of which at present is their high cost. It is possible to reduce the cost of these fibers by increasing the productivity of the output, i.e. using new units, new technological processes that are characterized by greater productivity. It is possible to improve the quality of the obtained fibers due to

improvement of the processing of melts, as this allows one to obtain fibers of reduced diameter - more flexible, durable and chemically resistant. It is possible to improve the processing of the melt by improving the melting of the bulk material, due to the temperature and relaxation homogenization of the melt.

A reduction in the diameter of continuous fibers obtained from melts of thermoplastic materials with a narrow production interval is possible due to an increase in the production zone, due to a decrease in the time for forming bulbs from a previously thoroughly homogenized melt.

Known glass furnace direct-flow type. containing a melting tray, transverse recesses in the bottom, respectively, for glass formation and homogenization, electrodes, bubble nozzles, clarification zone, averaging basin and duct (AS USSR No. 881009, class C 03 V 5/04, 1980).

The disadvantage of such a furnace is its unsuitability for producing a melt from rocks, because due to the poor heat transparency of the melt from rocks, effective heat transfer for its melting occurs in a layer with a thickness of 50-100 mm, while the known direct-flow furnace has a much greater pool depth cooking part.

A glass melting furnace is also known, which contains a cooking, thin-layer clarification and development pools, gas burners and a gas space divided by a screen (AS USSR No. 659634, class C 03 B 5/04, 1979).

The disadvantage of this furnace design is that when the dimensions of the furnace are reduced, the path of the glass melt, however, is lengthened due to the labyrinth partitions in order to have time to conduct the process of melting and clarifying the glass melt through the labyrinth through the clamps, which increases the contact area of the flow with refractory , and during operation it will inevitably cause contamination of the glass melt by the products of the destruction of the refractory, and the greater, the greater the total length of the contact zone of the melt with the refractory. In addition, the use of side burners does not provide uniform temperature heating throughout the zone due to different temperature characteristics of the structure of the torch and complicates the exit of gas bubbles due to the relatively high pressure in the gas space of each of the sections formed

vertical transverse partitions.

A device for the manufacture of fiber from rocks is known, which comprises a melting furnace, a production zone and dies. Crushed rock is fed to a melting furnace where melting takes place using a loading device. From the furnace, the melt is fed through a feeder to the production zone. Then, with the help of dies, fiber forming is carried out. In such a device, the ratio of the area of the melting zone to the area of the working zone is usually 0.45-0.55. Such a device allows to obtain continuous fiber from mineral raw materials. However, due to the peculiarities of the chemical composition of the rocks and the low thermal conductivity of their melts, the use of the ratio of the area of the melting zone to the area of the production zone known for the production of glass fibers leads to the fact that, during the continuous process of producing fibers, the melt does not have time to homogenize in the melting zone and enters production zone with a significant content of crystalline phase. This leads to disruption of the process of forming the fibers in the spinneret vessel, an increase in the breakage of the fibers, and, consequently, a decrease in the productivity of the device and does not allow to obtain high-quality fibers.

A device for producing inorganic fiber is also known. containing a bath of the melting furnace, a feeder, a fiber forming unit, consisting of a jet and spinneret feeder, a winding mechanism with a bobbin, and a sizing of the resulting thread (Journal of Building Materials and Structures, No. 3, 1986, pp. 11-12). The furnace is heated with natural gas using air-gas burners, which are installed in such a way that they mainly heat the bath of the melting furnace, where basalt rock is molten. In the feeder where homogenization occurs, by melt standing, the temperature is lower than the working temperature, although it is maintained above the upper crystallization limit (1200 ° C). As a result, the process of homogenization is of poor quality, the melt is stratified, non-melts settle on the bottom of the feeder, for example, quartz tonsils contained in the rock, which increase over time, which violates the stability of the continuous fiber production unit. In addition, it is known that basalt belongs to the class of "ultrashort" glasses, which have a small temperature range of production of 20-60 ° C, while for other compositions this interval is 5 times higher. therefore

it is very important to maintain the temperature in the zone of fiber formation constant and without local overheating, which is not provided in the known device. For these reasons, the known device does not allow to obtain fibers with a diameter of less than 11 microns, which are necessary for manufacture, for example, for fine filters.

Closest to the proposed utility model in terms of technical nature and the achieved result is an installation for the production of inorganic fibers from rocks, which contains a melt furnace connected to the feeder, a production opening connected to the feeder, and a heated die feeder located below the production opening (Patent RF №02118300, IPC 4 С 03 В 37/02, 1998). The described installation, in addition, contains a dispenser for loading basalt, a heat exchanger connected to the furnace chamber of the melting furnace. The melting furnace has a stabilizing section in which the molten glass melt is stabilized in volume to the fiber production temperature. The melting furnace and the stabilizing section are equipped with heating systems. The stabilizing section of the melting furnace is connected to a feeder, where the melt is stabilized until the mass is averaged and the composition ratio of the components is ensured. The feeder has drainage devices and feeders supplying the melt to the spinnerets, through which the strand of continuous basalt fiber is drawn, which is then fed to the sizing mechanism and wound onto bobbins.

The heat exchanger device in the dispenser of the described installation provides uniform heating throughout the entire volume of basalt by the hot air stream from the furnace chamber of the smelter, which makes it possible to utilize exhaust gases and reduce fuel consumption. The presence in the melting furnace of the stabilizing section of molten glass melt, made in height of 0.4 ... 0.6 from the height of the pool of the melting furnace, helps to stabilize the melt by volume when leaving the furnace with a given temperature. The height of the stabilizing section is determined by the height of the melt with decreasing temperature, as well as the possibility of the exit of gases and foam.

A disadvantage of the described installation is the insufficient strength of the fibers obtained in this installation. This is primarily due to the heterogeneity in temperature and composition of the melt entering

spunbond unit. As a rule, such a melt contains compounds such as albite, anorthite, olivine, augite. The named compounds have significantly different temperatures of phase transitions; therefore, the process of rock melting can be considered as transformations in a heterogeneous system whose elements have a mutual influence on each other, in particular, on the processes of their mutual wetting. Therefore, the obtained melt contains inclusions in the form of unmelted fragments or even lumps. Moreover, relatively heavy inclusions are located, as a rule, in the lower part of the melt flow, and relatively light - in the upper. The presence of such inclusions reduces the tensile strength of the obtained fibers in tension and, in addition, leads to instability of the process of producing continuous fibers and accelerated wear of the spinneret feeder.

The proposed utility model is based on the task of creating such a plant for the production of fibers from rocks, which would increase the strength, chemical and heat resistance of the obtained fibers by creating conditions in the zone of the production opening to reduce the amount of impurities in the stream and obtain a uniform composition and the melt temperature in the named zone of the installation.

The problem is solved in the design of the proposed installation, which, like the well-known installation for the production of inorganic fibers from rocks, contains a furnace for producing a melt connected to a feeder, a production opening and a heated feeder with dies located below the production opening, and, according to the invention, at the exit of the feeder there is a transition chamber designed to create a thin-layer melt flow, in the casing of which there is a production opening, the transition chamber equipped with a heater, a threshold is set at the entrance to the transition chamber, an adjustable gate is installed above the threshold, which are designed to receive the melt flow of the required thickness and quality, and the bottom of the transition chamber has a slope. directed towards the outlet.

A feature of the proposed utility model is that the installation is equipped with a storage bath installed between the outlet of the furnace for producing the melt and the feeder, designed to obtain a melt that is uniform in composition and temperature.

A feature of the proposed utility model is that the distance T from the axis of the spinneret feeder to the axis of the feeder is determined by the expression T = (0.95 ... 5.0) N, where N is the width of the feeder.

A feature of the proposed utility model is that the installation contains two transition chambers and, accordingly, two development openings.

A feature of the proposed utility model is that the transition chambers have different volumes and different values of the angle of inclination of the bottom directed towards the corresponding production opening.

A feature of the proposed utility model is that the storage bath is provided with a stirrer designed to mix the melt and a heating system with electrodes designed to heat the melt by directly passing current through it.

A feature of the proposed utility model is that an adjustable gate is installed directly in front of the entrance to the transition chamber with the possibility of adjusting the height of its location relative to the threshold of the transition chamber.

A feature of the proposed utility model is that the furnace pool area is 9.7 ... 48.4 transition chamber areas.

A feature of the proposed utility model is that the installation is provided with devices for carrying out bottom and side bubbling.

A feature of the proposed utility model is that in the transition chamber there is a plate rigidly attached to an adjustable gate with the possibility of moving it up and down together with an adjustable gate, and the surface of the plate is parallel to the bottom of the transition chamber.

A feature of the proposed utility model is that in the upper part of the transition chamber there is an exhaust device connected to the exhaust pipe.

A feature of the proposed utility model is that the ratio of the length of the transition chamber to the width of the feeder is (2.0 ... 5.5): 1.

A feature of the proposed utility model is the fact that through holes are provided in the feeder and in the storage bath, equipped with exhaust valves designed to release unmelted particles and refractory fracture elements.

A feature of the proposed utility model is that the bottom of the storage tank and feeder are lined with refractory and electrically conductive materials, for example, from a heat-resistant alloy of silicon carbide, zirconium oxide.

A feature of the proposed utility model is that in the central part of the feeder, in its upper part, electric heating elements are installed.

A feature of the proposed utility model is that the heater of the transition chamber is made in the form of at least one gas nozzle. installed with the possibility of directing the torch on the surface of the plate and on the surface of the adjustable gate.

A feature of the proposed utility model is that the ratio of the area of the working hole to the total area of the holes of the die of the feeder is 2.0 ... 20.5, and the hole area of each die is 1.3 ... 8.5 mm ² .

A feature of the proposed utility model is that the installation is equipped with a device for releasing the melt from iron-containing impurities. made in the form of a constant or pulsating current source. whose electrodes are installed at the input of the feeder, connected to the corresponding poles of the current source and are designed to pass current through the melt.

The proposed installation allows to obtain a melt flow homogeneous in temperature and composition in the zone of the production opening. This is achieved by the fact that the adjustable gate installed at the entrance to the transition chamber does not allow the upper flow layer to pass to the extraction hole — foam, and the threshold set below the adjustable gate does not allow heavy non-melting rock particles to pass into the transition chamber, which significantly reduces the likelihood of stress concentrators forming in the resulting fiber, as well as the likelihood of clogging dies.

The bottom of the transition chamber has a slope directed towards the outlet, which allows you to get the specified stable value of the melt pressure in the area of the outlet. The angle of inclination and the length of the transition chamber are selected experimentally. These parameters depend on the viscosity and temperature of the melt, as well as on the required diameter of the dies. As a rule, the angle of inclination of the transition chamber is 8 ... 65 ° to the horizontal

planes, and the length of the transition chamber is 1.0 ... 1.9 m.

In the process of creating the invention, the authors experimentally found the optimal ratio of the geometric dimensions of the furnace, storage bath and transition chamber in the installation for the manufacture of fibers from rocks. The found optimal ratios of geometric dimensions create the conditions for obtaining an almost completely homogenized rock melt. The ratio of the furnace pool area is 9.0 ... 50.0 to the area of the transition chamber. This ratio provides, with optimal energy consumption and an optimal melt temperature, the stability of the temperature range and viscosity necessary to produce continuous fiber with stable characteristics. A change in these parameters, both in the direction of its decrease, and in the direction of its increase, leads to a sharp deterioration in the quality of the obtained fibers, in particular, to a decrease in the stability of their drawing.

The arrival of a homogenized melt in the fiber production zone allows to increase the productivity of the installation, since such a melt practically does not have crystalline inclusions, which significantly reduces fiber breakage at the moment of its drawing.

It is known that rocks are characterized by the fact that during their formation from the molten magma there are no separate parts of minerals-oxides, but their compounds are created, for example, NaAlSi ₃ O ₈ albite, CaAl ₂ Si ₃ O ₈ aortite, Ca dioxide (MgFeSi ₂ O ₆ ), olivine (MgFe) ₂ SiO ₄ , augite Ca (MgFe) (Si ₂ O ₆ ) and others. These compounds during melting in the process of obtaining a homogenized melt pass individually from one phase to another. Therefore, the process of rock melting can be considered as a heterogeneous system consisting of several bodies that differ from each other (crystal, glass). It follows that if the ratio of the bath area to the area of the working zone is less than 9.7, with the continuous process of obtaining fibers from rocks, crystalline inclusions from the melting zone may get into the working zone, which causes disturbances in the process of forming the fibers with dies and leads to breakage fibers. If the indicated ratio is more than 48.4, then due to the large difference in the area of the mirrors of the said containers, the temperature inhomogeneity of the melt in the layers inevitably occurs, which leads to a decrease

mechanical properties of the obtained fibers and, in addition, leads to an increase in the specific consumption of energy carriers with a decrease in the productivity of furnaces, since with this ratio the area of the heated bath increases relative to the area of the transition chamber. However, the performance of the installation is determined precisely by the area of the transition chamber zone with the production unit, i.e. with the same output, the volume of feed rock increases, and therefore, the specific energy consumption for obtaining the melt in the furnace bath increases. Such energy costs are unjustified, since they do not lead to an increase in productivity and do not affect the quality of the melt entering the transition chamber and the spinneret feeder, and, consequently, the quality of the resulting fiber. In addition, a sufficiently homogenized melt will not be obtained, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of the resulting fibers.

The storage tank is equipped with an electric stirrer designed to mix the melt and prevent its delamination. At the exit from the storage bath, a threshold is established that does not allow unmelted particles and destruction elements of the furnace refractories into the feeder.

The transition chamber is located between the feeder and the outlet with a die feeder below the level of the feeder, storage bath and furnace. At the bottom of the transition chamber, a threshold is set, and above the threshold there is a restrictive adjustable gate (bar), designed to pass to the die feeder only the central part of the melt flow, and to detain unmelted heavy and light particles. The height of each threshold is 10 ... 100 mm. In order to increase the rate of delivery of the prepared melt to the production opening and control the temperature of the melt, the transition chamber is supplemented with burners, the torch of which is directed towards the inclined surface of the bottom of the transition chamber. In addition, the authors found the optimal ratio of the length of the transition chamber to the width of the feeder to maintain the temperature uniformity of the melt, which is from 2.0: 1 to 5.5: 1. In order to maintain a stable temperature of the melt, (the die feeder is installed at a distance T from the axis of the feeder T = (0.95 ... 5.0) N, where N is the width of the feeder. The design of the installation and its transition chamber do not allow the die feeder to be installed at a distance less than 0.95 N from the output of the feeder. Installing a die feeder at a distance of more than 5.0 N leads to a longer path

melt to the spinnerets to obtain fibers and to the inevitable loss of temperature uniformity of the melt, as well as to an increase in the consumption of fuel (gas) burned by nozzles. The selected overall dimensions and installation ratios for the lengths of the pools and the chamber provide the possibility of producing fiber from rocks with high productivity, even. for example, when used in the production process from eight hundred to six or more thousand spunbond feeders. The proposed installation for producing fibers from a wide class of rocks allows to obtain high-strength, corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant continuous fiber from rocks of a wide range in composition and simplify the technology for its manufacture.

To reduce heat loss and increase plant productivity, the dimensions of thermally stressed plant elements were reduced, and the latter contains two working openings, the axes of which can be located either perpendicular or non-perpendicular to the axis of the feeder. In addition, to reduce heat loss, increase the efficiency of the installation and create stable adiabatic conditions for the preparation of the melt, structural elements. in contact with the melt are lined with refractory and electrically conductive materials, and electric heating elements are installed in the upper part of the feeder, along its central channel. The installation is provided with nozzles for discharging non-melted particles and refractory destruction elements installed in the storage bath and at the end of the feeder.

The raw materials used - crushed rock - have various inclusions, including those whose melting point exceeds 1400 ° C. Such inclusions, falling into the zone of the production opening, periodically clog the dies, which excludes the possibility of obtaining fibers with a thickness of a few microns. The influence of these inclusions on the resulting product can be felt not only at the time of drawing out the fiber, but also after receiving the fiber. Therefore, it is very important to remove these inclusions until a continuous fiber is obtained. When heated to a temperature of 1600 ° C, these inclusions can remain in the composition of the melt. However, as shown by experiments, these inclusions are destroyed when the melt temperature reaches 2000 ° C and above. The proposed installation allows you to create conditions for softening the crystal lattice of crushed rock raw materials - by heating it to temperatures of 2000 ° C and

above. At these temperatures, it is possible to remove harmful impurities from the raw materials that have higher melting points, clog the spinnerets from which the fiber is being formed. In addition, to solve the aforementioned problem, an electric heating based on the ionic conductivity of a liquid melt was used in the storage bath. At the same time, metal rods with a diameter of 25 ... 55 mm are installed at a height of 40 ... 90 mm from the bottom of the bathtub. which protrude from the wall by 40 ... 70 mm and to which an electric current is supplied and pass it through the melt between the electrodes. Electric heating creates a relatively uniform melt temperature over the entire cross-section of the storage bath. By changing the magnitude of the current, the melt temperature is easily and quickly regulated, which is very important when using the proposed module to obtain fibers from various rocks. During repair, metal rods are extended to the required length, and burnt ones are replaced with new ones. The design of the bath allows continuous selection of the degassed and homogenized melt into the feeder, using a stirrer that continuously moves vertically in the melt. The low thermal conductivity of the melt and its opacity do not allow achieving a uniform temperature throughout the volume of the liquid mass, especially when the layer thickness is more than 100 mm, and, as a rule, the upper layers have a higher temperature than the lower ones, so the use of a mixer is necessary.

A big obstacle to a stable process for producing continuous fiber is the presence of FeO in iron melt, which dramatically changes the process of mineral formation. Fe ²⁺ cations, having a higher activation energy than Ca ²⁺ and Mg ²⁺ cations, actively enter into compounds with silicon-oxygen anions, replacing Ca and even Mg in pyroxenes and forming glandular pyroxenes such as diopside-hedenbergite and augite. Such substitutions, as a rule, lead to the creation of large internal stresses in the fiber and to the formation of microcracks on its surface, which significantly reduces the strength of the fiber. To reduce the amount of FeO in the melt, it is bubbled with heated air. which converts divalent iron to ferric in accordance with the formula 4FeO + O ₂ = 2Fe ₂ O ₃ . An equilibrium shift toward Fe ₂ O ₃ occurs, which allows one to decrease the melt viscosity, for example, at a working temperature of 1250 ° С from 439 Poise to 319 Poise, while the temperature of the upper limit

crystallization is reduced by 26 ... 32 ° C, which allows a more stable stretching of the fiber.

Since metal oxides in the rock melt are in a state of dissociation, therefore, under the influence of the current passed through the melt, it is possible to precipitate them using a device for releasing the melt from iron-containing impurities, made in the form of a constant or unipolar current source, the hollow electrodes of which are installed at the input of the feeder and connected to the corresponding poles of the current source. At the same time, at the electrode, for example, mounted in a recess at the entrance to the feeder, into which a reducing agent is connected via a bubbler tube, for example, natural gas mixed with air in a ratio of 1:10 and below, part of the natural gas does not completely burn, forming carbon monoxide CO. This gas reacts with iron oxides that are in the melt in a liquid state, according to the reaction:

Fe ₂ O ₃ + CO = 2FeO + CO ₂

FeO + CO = Fe + CO ₂

The resulting carbon dioxide with combustion products is discharged to the outside, and the reduced iron is concentrated in the lower part of the recess of the bottom of the feeder and is discharged out through the channel in the electrode cavity. Due to the reduction of iron, the melt is continuously depleted in iron oxides.

As a result, the melt depleted in iron oxides and enriched in SiO ₂ oxides is sent through a threshold to a feeder. Since the melt contains no iron oxides in the usual percentage ratio, the fiber production zone expands and their quality improves: their heat resistance increases, elasticity and strength increase.

The rock is melted in a furnace at a temperature above 1500 ° C in an oxidizing environment, while the degree of amorphism of the melt increases, i.e. there is a transition from a crystalline state to a glassy one.

Rock melting is carried out in an oxidizing environment in a gas-heated furnace.

The coefficient of excess air (β) is the ratio of the actual amount of air in the combustible mixture to the theoretically necessary for its complete combustion.

To determine the percentage of oxygen, a chemical analysis of the gas-air mixture is carried out. With a stoichiometric gas-air ratio,

the oxygen content in the gas-air mixture is determined by the following formula:

;

Where

A (%) is the oxygen content in the ambient air,

V ₀ (nm ³ ) _ theoretically necessary amount of air (stoichiometric volume) for gas combustion.

The stoichiometric volume of combustion air of 1 kg of solid or liquid fuel is calculated by the formula:

V ₀ = 0.0889 · [C] + 0.265 · [H] -0.03337 · ([H] - [S]),

Where

V ₀ (m ³ / kg) - stoichiometric air volume,

[C], [H], [S] - content of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur in fuel (reference data).

In the absence of data on the fuel composition, V ₀ can be determined by assuming that for every 1 mJ of specific heat of combustion of the fuel, theoretically, 0.27 m3 of air is needed.

The stoichiometric volume of combustion air of 1 m3 of gaseous fuel is calculated by the formula:

V ₀ = 0.0476 · (0.5- [СО] + 0.5 · [H ₂ ] + 1.5 · [H ₂ S] + S · (m + n / 4) · [С _m H _m ] - [O ₂ ]),

Where

V ₀ (m ³ / m ³ ) is the stoichiometric volume of air,

[O ₂ ], [H ₂ ], [CO], [H ₂ S], [C _m H _m ] - the content of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and a gas consisting of m carbon atoms and n hydrogen atoms in the fuel ;

In the absence of data on the composition of unsaturated hydrocarbons, they are taken to be composed of [C ₂ H ₄ ].

The actual volume of combustion air is determined experimentally using an anemometer and a stopwatch.

The coefficient of excess combustion air is calculated by the formula:

,

Where

β is the coefficient of excess air,

V ₀ , (m ³ / kg), (m ³ / m ³ ) - stoichiometric volume of combustion air,

V _f (m ³ / kg), (m ³ / m ³ ) is the actual volume of combustion air.

During operation of a gas-fired plant, much attention is paid to the control of the combustion process. Violation of this process leads to the appearance in the flue gases of products of incomplete combustion or a large excess of air. Analysis of the composition of flue gases makes it possible to determine the degree of completeness of combustion, the amount of excess air, the nature of the gas medium. Sampling of flue gases is carried out in various zones using a gas analyzer, the content of [CO ₂ ], [O ₂ ], [CO] and other combustion products is determined.

The coefficient of excess air for combustion according to the results of gas analysis is determined by the formula:

,

O _log = [O ₂ ] -0.5 · [CO] -0.5 · [H ₂ ] -2 · [CH ₄ ]

Where

[O ₂ ], [CO], [H ₂ ], [CH ₄ ] - the concentration of the corresponding gases,% (vol.), According to the results of gas analysis of combustion products.

Table 1 shows the composition of the flue gases, its analysis determined the degree of completeness of combustion, the amount of excess air, the nature of the gas environment.

Table 1 β [O ₂ ] [CO ₂ ] [CO] one 1,11 2.5 10.6 0.8 2 1.18 3,7 1,6 0.5 3 1.25 4.8 10,4 0.2 four 1.28 5.2 11.3 0

An increase in the coefficient of excess air sharply reduces the heat flux to the glass melt, which entails the appearance of crystals that do not allow the extraction of fibers, and a decrease in this coefficient leads to incomplete combustion of fuel, which is detected by the gas analyzer by the appearance of a significant amount of CO in the composition of the flue gases. These amounts will reduce ferrous iron, which will increase the temperature of the upper crystallization limit and thereby complicate the process of drawing fibers.

It was established by experiments that for melting the main class of rocks, the coefficient of excess air should be in the range β = 1.11 ... 1.28, while the content of Fe ₂ O ₃ in the fiber increases and reaches the ratio FeO / Fe ₂ O ₃ ≥ 0.4. This ratio of iron oxides makes it possible to reduce the loss of strength under operating conditions at high temperatures, when the crystallization of the fiber material occurs. This is explained by the fact that initially crystalline hematite is formed around which pyroxenes crystallize. When the ratio of FeO / Fe ₂ O ₃ ≥0.4, the first phase forms coarse-grained magnetite (at lower temperatures than hematite), and then pyroxenes. The residual strength of the fibers during crystallization of hematite is higher, especially at high temperatures.

The analysis of experimental data shows that the decrease in tensile strength for fibers with a ratio of FeO / Fe ₂ O ₃ ≥0.4 is approximately 20% at a temperature of 600 ° C.

Thus, the process in the proposed mode (temperature in the furnace 1600 ° C, storage bath 2000 ... 2200 ° C in an oxidizing environment) allows you to save and increase the initial fiber strength. Providing the optimal ratio of FeO / Fe ₂ O ₃ ≥0.4 allows you to increase the temperature of application by more than 120 ° C.

The indicated parameters for conducting the process of manufacturing continuous fiber are established as a result of experimental studies of a wide class of torus rocks from basic to acidic, characterized by different chemical composition and texture-structural features.

The rock is loaded into the furnace, where it melts. Then the melt flows through the ducts first into the storage bath, then into the feeder, where the melt is taken and into the transition chamber for feeding it to the dies.

In the storage bath, feeder, the melt in the contact zone with the coolant is overheated, therefore, its viscosity. below. The viscosity along the depth of the melt gradually increases, and its temperature decreases. Overheating at the top of the melt leads to fluctuations in the diameter of the formed fibers, which causes an increase in fiber breakage. The selection of a melt located below a certain level leads to the appearance of crystallization centers in the fibers and the deterioration of its strength characteristics. To obtain a melt with a constant temperature throughout its depth in the zone of development of the transition chamber conduct additional heating of the melt.

The melt is heated in the transition chamber using gas nozzles installed in the upper part of the transition chamber. In this case, the flame from the gas nozzles is sent to an adjustable gate and a movable plate rigidly attached to it parallel to the bottom of the transition chamber, which serve as screens, which reduces the effect of natural gas components on the melt. Thus, the melt is subjected to intensive final fine-tuning in a thin layer of the melt. These screens are made of materials with a melting point exceeding 1300 ° C, for example, from a heat-resistant alloy, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, etc.

Simultaneously with the heating of the melt, the adjustable gate is moved along the depth of the melt to obtain a melt with constant viscosity and thickness.

Thus, this method of producing fibers allows you to increase the selection border by height of the melt level from rocks by maintaining a constant viscosity and temperature throughout its depth, which leads to a decrease in fiber breakage and, consequently, to an increase in their quality and stability of the process of their production.

The technical problem is solved in such a way that the melt is heated in the storage bath until it is obtained with a ratio of the main components

after which it is stabilized in the feeder at a temperature of at least 100 ° C above its production temperature range. At the same time, the volume of the glass melt stabilizes, the surface becomes smooth and smooth, and the melt temperature decreases uniformly throughout the volume to the fiber production temperature, which reduces the stabilization time in the feeder and averages the mass and ensures the above ratio of components.

These ratios ensure the stability of the temperature range and viscosity required for fiber production.

Examples of compositions of four types of volcanic rocks, belonging to which is determined by the content of silicon dioxide in the rocks: Basalt - 48 ... 53%; Andesite - 54 ... 62%; Dacite - 63 ... 70%; Riolite - 70 ... 76%, the physico-mechanical and chemical properties of the fibers are shown in table 2. The data are taken from Russian patents for inventions No. 2120423, 2233810.

table 2 Oxides, wt.%; averaged ratios; the properties Basalt / Patent RU 2120423 Andesite / Patent RU 2120423 Dacite / Patent RU 2233810 Riolite / Patent RU 2233810 one 2 3 four 5 SiO ₂ 47.9 53.8 64.1 73.5 Al ₂ O ₃ 14.9 17.5 16.6 11.9 Fe ₂ O ₃ 2.9 3.4 2.1 2.0 FeO 8.4 5,6 3,1 1,5 MgO 8.9 4,5 1.9 0.3 CaO 10,2 7.7 5,4 0.7 Na ₂ O 2.5 3.9 4.1 4.4

one 2 3 four 5 K ₂ O 0.7 1,2 1.3 4.9 H ₂ O 0.8 1,0 0.5 0.4 TiO ₂ 2.2 1,2 0.7 0.2 P ₂ O ₅ 0.4 1,1 0.5 0.1 MnO 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.90 1.65 1.48 0.75 3.29 5.84 11.05 2.13 2.99 4.87 6.16 The diameter of the elementary fiber, microns 4.0 ... 5.5 3.9 ... 13 5.6 ... 12.4 4.7 ... 12.5 Tensile strength, MPa 2000 2280 2490 3115 The chemical resistance of the fiber, in%, after 3 hours of boiling in 2N HCl 77.5 90.8 92 95.2

As can be seen from table 2, the proposed "Kibol Module" allows you to get high-strength, corrosion-resistant, temperature-resistant continuous fiber from various types of rocks.

This embodiment of the installation for producing fibers from rocks provides the necessary quality of the melt prepared from a material with a narrow temperature range of production practically not exceeding 30 ° C, which requires especially clear observance of the technological features of production: ensuring the unity of the melt in chemical composition, maintaining a constant (within 1 ... 1.5%) values of its viscosity, the exclusion of perceptible relaxation phenomena in the melt, which can lead to the formation of zonal flows and to a change in viscosity The layers of temperature in the melt, the melt flows within the formation, characterized as the chemical composition and temperature.

Figure 1 schematically shows the proposed installation for the production of inorganic fibers from rocks "Module Kibol".

Figure 2 schematically shows the transition chambers with different volumes and angles of inclination of the bottom of the transition chambers.

Installation for the production of inorganic fibers from rocks "Module Kibol" contains a furnace for producing melt 1. The output of the furnace 1 is connected to the entrance of the storage bath 2. The output of the storage bath 2 is connected to the feeder 3. The installation is equipped with eight transition chambers 4, 5, 6, 7 8. 9, 10 (the eighth transition chamber is not shown). The feeder 3 has a corresponding outlet to each transition chamber 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Each transition chamber 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 has its own outlet 11, and a heated feeder with dies 12, located below the outlet 11. Each transition chamber 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 is designed to create a thin layer melt flow. Each transition chamber 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 is equipped with a heater. The bottom of the transition chambers 7, 8 is horizontal — it does not have a slope, and the bottom of the chambers 4, 5, 6, 9, 10 has a slope directed toward the outlet 11, and the value of the angle of inclination for each camera 4, 5, 6, 9 , 10 is selected experimentally, for the release of a particular type of fiber and products.

Table 3 shows the experimental data of the angle of inclination (α), and some types of products.

Table 3 Number of Spinnerets The angle of inclination of the bottom of the transition chamber α exp. (in degrees) Types of products 200 8 ... 23 1.Cord thread 2. Andesitic thread 800 19 ... 35 Roving RB 13-800-76 2000 35 ... 65 Chopped basalt fiber BS 13-6r-76

The angle of inclination (α), to obtain a certain type of fiber, for example, rovings designed to produce basalt-plastic pipes is α = 19 ... 35, for chopped fibers - for canvases α = 35 ... 65, of threads of different linear densities for manufacturing rock fabrics for printed circuit boards α = 8 ... 25. Moreover, the above materials and products can be produced on the same proposed installation at the same time. Transition chambers 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 have different volumes, which makes it possible to obtain from each chamber the required amount (volume) of fibers - up to 1 thousand tons of fiber per year and to carry out their work in an independent mode. At the entrance to each transition chamber 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, threshold 13 is set, and above threshold 13 is an adjustable gate 14, which are designed to produce a melt flow of the required thickness and quality. Each adjustable gate 14 is made in the form of a guillotine, the working edge of which is horizontal and provides, if necessary, a complete shutdown of the melt flow into the corresponding transition chamber 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Each adjustable gate 14 is installed with the possibility at the moment overlapping the entrance to each transition chamber 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 to touch its side flat surface of the side surface of the threshold 13. The storage tank 2, installed between the outlet of the furnace 1 for receiving the melt and the feeder 3, is designed to obtain a uniform from put and melt temperature. The distance T from the axis of the die feeder 12 to the axis of the feeder 3 is T = 4.5N for the transition chambers 4, 5, 6, T = 2.3N for the transition chamber 7, T = 1.44N for the transition chamber 8, for transition chambers 9, 10 - T = 3.65N. The installation contains eight transition chambers 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and, accordingly, eight production openings, the axes of which lie on the plane perpendicular to the axis of the feeder 3. The axis of the production holes can also lie on the planes non-perpendicular to the axis of the feeder 3. This determined by the technological needs of production. Moreover, to reduce the length of the feeder 3, the transition chambers are located symmetrically to the axis of the feeder 3 - four transition chambers on each side: 4, 5, 6, 7 - on the one hand, and 8, 9, 10 (plus the eighth) - on the other. The storage bath 2 is provided with a stirrer 15, designed to mix the melt and a heating system with electrodes 16, designed to heat the melt by directly passing current through it. An adjustable gate 14 is installed immediately before the entrance to each transition chamber 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 with the possibility of adjusting its height relative to the threshold of the corresponding transition chamber. The ratio of the furnace pool area 1 to the area of the transition chambers 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 was 48.4 for the transition chambers 4, 5, 6, 11.2, for the transition chamber 7, and 8 for the transition chamber - 9.68, for transition cameras 9, 10 - 20.2.

The data on the calculation of the area of the furnace basin and transition chambers are presented in table 4.

Table 4 The area of the furnace basin, S _{bas. Furnace} , m ² 6.0 12.5 30,0 The area of the transition chamber, S _per.kam , m ² 0.62 0.62 0.62 The ratio of S _bas.furnace / S _per.kam 9.68 20.16 48.39 Furnace productivity, t / day 5.76 11.52 28.8 Productivity of one unit, kg / h 120 120 120

The installation is provided with devices for carrying out bottom and side bubbling 17. Each transition chamber 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 is equipped with a movable plate 18, rigidly attached to an adjustable gate 14, and the surface of the plate 18 is parallel to the bottom of the corresponding transition chamber.

Each transition chamber 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 is equipped with an exhaust device 19 mounted in its upper part and connected to an exhaust pipe (not shown). The ratio of the length of each transition chamber 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 to the width of the feeder 3 is, for transition cameras 4, 5, 6, 5.5, for the transition chamber 7, 2.5, for the transition chamber 8 - 2.0, for transition cameras 9, 10 - 3.6. This ratio of sizes from 2.0: 1 to 5.5: 1 is due to the fact that the length of the opening of the transition chamber is equal to the length of the spinneret feeder, and the width of the feeder channel must be such as to ensure that all feeders are of high quality melt. There are optimal limits of the channel width, which are due to the fact that the hydraulic slope of the melt increases with a smaller width, the hydrostatic pressure of the die feeders becomes uneven, and the melt heterogeneity in depth increases for the first die feeders along the melt, and the melt flow rate decreases with a larger width and a temperature-viscosity inhomogeneity occurs along the channel width. Upon going beyond these limits, the heterogeneity of the melt increased and the operation of spinneret feeders became impossible due to the uneven outflow of the melt from the spinnerets.

In the feeder 3 and in the storage tank 2, through holes are provided, equipped with exhaust valves designed to release non-melted particles and refractory destruction elements (not shown). The bottom of the storage bath 2 and feeder 3 are lined with refractory and electrically conductive materials from a heat-resistant silicon carbide alloy. In the central part of the feeder 3, in its upper part, electric heating elements 20 are installed, made in the form of resistance furnaces.

In each transition chamber 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, a gas-air nozzle 21 is installed with the possibility of directing the torch to the surface of the plate 18 and to the surface of the adjustable gate 14.

The ratio of the area of the working hole 11 to the total hole area of the feeder dies is 7.0 ... 20.5 for different transition chambers, and the hole area of each die is 1.3-8.5 mm ² .

These ratios provide optimal conditions for forming the bulbs from which the fibers are formed. It is known that the die diameter, the temperature of the die plate and the pressure of the glass melt in the vessel influence the volume of the bulbs. Considering that the rocks have a narrow production temperature range, the melt temperatures and the temperature of the electrically heated plate are practically the same and the melt viscosity in the production opening 11 is equal to the melt viscosity on the die plate 12, and also due to the low thermal transparency of the rock melt, its layer thickness is uniform properties in the melting bath, in the feeder 3 and in each transition chamber (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) and above the die plate 12 does not exceed 10 ... 30 mm, therefore, we can assume that the ratio of the flow of melt through in development hole 11 to the total flow rate through the die plate 12 is equal to the ratio of the area of the development hole 11 to the total area of the holes of the die plate 12 (table 5).

Table 5 The area of the discharge orifice, S _holes, mm ^2, 21670 41800 36000 The number of dies in the feeder, pcs 800 1200 2000 Diameter of a die, mm 1.3 1.82 1.82 Die area, mm ² 1,327 2,600 2,600 The total area of the dies, S _total. mm ² 1061.36 3120.24 5200,40 Attitude, S _resp . S _total 20,4 13.3 6.92

This ratio ranged from 7.0 to 20.5. If the indicated ratio is more than 20.5 of the upper limit, the melt begins to flow to the dies in excess, without the formation of bulbs, which violates the stability of the production process. When going beyond the lower limit of 7.0, the production opening does not provide the die with such an amount of melt that is necessary for stable bulb formation and stable outflow of the jet from the die. As a result, there is a rupture of the melt supply to the production, diameter fluctuation and separation of the fiber drop, and the productivity of the installation decreases.

As a result of the experiments, the specific consumption of the melt through one die was from 0.8 to 1.2 g / min. According to the above provisions on the fiber forming mechanism, the volume of the bulb and the melt flow rate through the die is determined by the area of the latter, which is from 1.3 to 8.5 mm ² . With a die area of less than 1.3 mm ² , bulb formation is difficult, its volume is insufficient for stable fiber production, which leads to an increase in specific fiber breakage. When the area exceeds the upper limit, the process of bulb formation goes into the process of formation of a melt jet. This increases the diameter of the primary fiber, reduces its tensile strength and leads to an increase in breakage. Thus, when choosing the above ratios of the technological parameters of the production of fibers from rock melts, it is possible to significantly reduce the breakage of the fibers, which determines a higher technological stability and productivity of the process of producing fibers from rock melts.

The installation is equipped with a device for releasing the melt from iron-containing impurities, which is installed in the flow of the feeder 3, between the storage bath 2 and the first row of transition chambers. The specified device is made in the form of a constant or pulsating current source (not shown), electrodes 22, 23 of which are installed at the input of the feeder 3 and connected to the corresponding poles of the current source. One of the electrodes - 22, is connected to the negative pole of the current source and is made in the form of a hollow tube, the upper end of which is installed in the recess of the bottom of the feeder 3. The electrode 22 is designed to concentrate the reduced iron around it and bring it out through the cavity of the electrode 22 to the outside. Since the metal oxides in the rock melt are in a state of dissociation, under the influence of the electric current passed through the melt, it is possible to deposit them at the electrode 22 mounted in the recess of the bottom of the feeder 3, into which the reducing agent is supplied via a bubbler tube 24 (gas from the series: natural gas carbon monoxide, hydrogen, etc.). As a result of the reaction, in the above zone, in the recess of the bottom of the feeder 3, iron is reduced. Due to the reduction of iron, the melt is continuously depleted of iron oxides and enriched with SiO ₂ oxides.

In the proposed design of the installation, a direct melting bath furnace 1 is used, with a feeder and a production opening. Such furnaces are more economical, productive, easy to mechanize and automate, as a result of which it is possible to maintain a stable temperature along the length of the pool with a constant composition of gases over the melt. To remove flue gases, the furnace 1 is equipped with a recuperator (not shown). The walls of the furnace 1 are provided with inspection openings, openings for installing thermocouples, melt level sensors, gas burners (not shown), as well as a pocket for loading raw materials 25. Spinneret feeders 12 are installed below the outlet 11 for drawing fibers 26 through them. processing fibers 26 with a sizing agent, the installation is equipped with a container (not shown) with a sizing agent that is supplied to the sizing device 27. To collect unused sizing agent, a container equipped with a pump (not shown) for rolling lubricant from one container to another (not shown). The installation has a system of mechanisms (not shown) designed to supply one part of the fibers after oiling to the winder 28, where they are wound on a bobbin (not shown). For processing another part of the fibers that emerged from the spinneret feeder 12, the installation is equipped with a chopping machine (not shown), which is installed at a different level than the installation level of the winder 28. The furnace 1 for cooking crushed rock contains a bath made of refractory material with a pocket for loading rocks 25. In the bottom of the furnace 1 there are holes with bubbling nozzles 17. designed for intensive mixing of the melt, in order to increase its uniformity in chemical composition. At the bottom of the furnace 1 there is a threshold 13, which is designed to trap heavy non-melted particles, and above the threshold, a barrier bar 29 is installed at the outlet of the furnace 1, which serves to delay dirt and extinguish the foam. The furnace 1 is equipped with a means for heating it with natural gas using gas-air burners (not shown). The installation has a storage bath 2 for averaging the melt by temperature and chemical composition. In the storage bath 2, a stirrer 15 and a bubbling system including bottom and side nozzles 17 are installed. In addition, the storage bath 2 is equipped with electrodes 16 designed for heating the melt by direct transmission of current through it. The storage bath 2, through a threshold 13, above which an adjustable gate 14 is installed, is connected to the feeder 3.

Electric heating elements 20 and gas-air nozzles 21 are installed along the central channel of the feeder 3. The feeder is connected, through a threshold 13, to all transition chambers.

At the bottom of the transition chamber, a threshold 13 is installed, and above it an adjustable gate 14, to which the regulating (movable) plate 18 is rigidly attached. The adjustable gate 14 is installed immediately before the entrance to the feeder 3 and all transition chambers 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 with the possibility of adjusting the height of its location relative to the bottom of the feeder 3 and the transition chambers. The threshold 13 is installed at the inlet to all the transition chambers 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and a gas nozzle 21 and an exhaust device 19 are installed on top. Under the outlet opening 11 of each transition chamber, die feeders 12 are installed, including from 200 to 6000 dies each. The bottom of the transition chambers 4, 5, 6, 9 and 10 has an inclination towards the spinneret feeders 12, and on the different sides of the feeder 3 the value of the angle of inclination of the bottom is different. Above the bottom of all the transition chambers, air-gas nozzles 21 are installed for heating the melt. The ratio of the length of the transition chambers (P) to the width of the feeder (F), i.e. P / F = (2.0 ... 5.5): 1. The die feeders 12 are mounted at a distance T from the axis of the feeder 3. wherein T = 3.5H, where N is the width of the feeder. The feeder 3 and the storage tank 2 are provided with nozzles for the release of non-melted particles with refractory destruction elements. The furnace 1 is subjected to air cooling using blowing fans 30, designed to create a constant skull layer of the solidified melt on the walls of the furnace pool 1, which preserves the thermal characteristics of the furnace 1, and the working conditions of the staff are improved.

The proposed installation works like this. Previously, in the furnace 1 to 1/3 of the height of the pool, the raw material is crushed rock and compacted tightly. Then carry out the ignition of the furnace and through an obliquely installed loading pocket 25 serves, in the furnace rock. Moving along an inclined pocket 25, the rock begins to melt; using, thus, the radiant energy of the entire pool.

During the smelting process, the resulting flue gases are vented through a recuperator. The melting process is carried out with vigorous stirring of the melt, in order to increase its uniformity in chemical composition. In addition, in the conditions of production of a melt with low heat transparency, unmelted pieces of material falling on the bottom of furnace 1 for a long time would be in a solid unmelted state, which would lead not only to a decrease in the productivity of the production, but also to the need for repair work, with the purpose of removing unmelted material. The use of bubbling treatment of the melt with the help of nozzles 17, with a narrow temperature range, allows to ensure the uniformity of the melt, both in viscosity and chemical composition in the volume of the cooking pool. Furnace 1 is heated with natural gas using gas burners (not shown). As rocks melt, the level of the melt mirror rises above threshold 13 and enters the storage bath 2 to average the temperature and chemical composition of the melt. At this time, the mixer 15 and the supply of heated air through the bubbler nozzles 17 are turned on. In the storage bath 2, the melt is subjected to thermal influence by an electric current passed through the electrodes 16. In this case, a slight overheating of the melt is achieved, relative to the temperature of the melt in the furnace, and through the threshold 13 and the adjustable gate 14, the melt enters the feeder 3. where the device for collecting iron through the bubbler tube 24 in the recess of the bottom of the feeder 3 serves reducing agent. As a result of incomplete combustion of natural gas, the resulting carbon dioxide with combustion products is discharged out through the chimney 31, and the reduced iron is concentrated in the recess of the bottom of the feeder 3, where it is heated by electric current to a fluid state and is drained outward from the feeder 3 through the cavity of the electrode 22. The feeder 3 is heated from above with burning gas coming from gas-air nozzles 21 and electric heating elements 20, which ensure that the melt temperature is maintained in the feeder 3 with an accuracy of ± 0.5 ° C.

The use of electric heaters 20 makes it possible to improve the working conditions of the installation operator. The installation of the barrier bar 29 in the furnace 1, helps to remove gas bubbles and foam. The melt from the furnace 1 enters the storage bathroom 2, where it is heated by direct transmission of electric current with the help of electrodes 16, intensive stirring with the help of a mixer 15, and bubbling through the nozzles 17. The thus treated melt comes from the storage bath 2 through the threshold 13, adjustable the gate 14 into the feeder 3. In the feeder 3, iron is removed from the melt through the cavity of the electrode 22, a device for removing iron. Next, the melt, through a threshold 13 and an adjustable gate 14 at the exit of the feeder 3, is sent to each transition chamber to the production through the production openings 11 to the die feeders 12. Thanks to the heating of the transition chamber, the previously achieved melt homogenization is supported, which makes it possible to obtain high quality and necessary fibers diameter. The heated melt enters the spinneret feeders 12, from which the fibers 26 are drawn. The fibers 26 are treated with a sizing agent, which is supplied from the tank using a sizing device 27. The unused sizing agent is collected in the tank and is fed back to the sizing device 27 using a pump. One part of the fibers 26 after oiling, it is fed through a system of mechanisms to a winding apparatus 28, where they are wound on a bobbin. Another part of the fibers 26 exiting the spinneret feeders is fed to a chipper, which is installed at a different level than the installation level of the winder.

The application of the proposed installation for producing fibers from rocks allows for the stable production of fibers from melts of basalts, amphibolites, diabases, andesites, dacites, rhyolites and other rocks. The obtained fibers compares favorably with the known glass fibers with increased temperature resistance, chemical resistance in acidic environments, and strength characteristics. However, the main thing in the conditions of a shortage of raw materials and refractories for the production of glass fibers, the production of inorganic fibers, becomes an invaluable find; To obtain raw materials from rocks, there are many quarries, the cost of raw materials is several orders of magnitude lower than the cost of a glass charge.

Products made of basalt fibers can be used for heat and sound insulation of various objects; thermal protection of staff; for filtering liquids, gases while adsorbing harmful substances; to address the needs of the chemical, petrochemical and biochemical industries; in radio electronics; automotive industry; shipbuilding; cement industry; coal mining for the manufacture of shaft supports; to replace carcinogenic asbestos products; and in many other industries.

Claims (18)

1. Installation for the production of continuous inorganic fibers from rocks, which contains a melt furnace connected to the feeder, a development hole and a heated feeder with dies located below the production opening, characterized in that a transition chamber is installed at the exit of the feeder to create a thin-layer melt stream, in the case of which there is a production opening, a transition chamber equipped with a heater, a threshold is set at the entrance to the transition chamber, above the threshold - gate being adjusted, which are designed to produce a stream of melt required thickness and quality, while the bottom of the transition chamber has an inclination directed toward the discharge orifice. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the installation is equipped with a storage bath installed between the outlet of the furnace for producing the melt and the feeder, which is designed to obtain a melt that is uniform in composition and temperature. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance T from the axis of the feeder with the dies to the axis of the feeder is determined by the expression T = (0.95-5.0) N, where N is the width of the feeder. 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the installation contains two transition chambers and, accordingly, two development openings. 5. Installation according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the transition chambers have different volumes and different values of the angle of inclination of the bottom directed towards the corresponding production opening. 6. Installation according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the storage bath is equipped with a stirrer designed to mix the melt and a heating system with electrodes designed to heat the melt by directly passing current through it. 7. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjustable gate is installed directly in front of the entrance to the transition chamber with the possibility of adjusting the height of its location relative to the threshold of the transition chamber. 8. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of the furnace basin is 9.7-48.4 from the area of the transition chamber. 9. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the installation is provided with devices for carrying out bottom and side bubbling. 10. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the transition chamber is provided with a plate rigidly attached to the adjustable gate with the possibility of its movement up and down together with the adjustable gate, and the surface of the plate is parallel to the bottom of the transition chamber. 11. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the transition chamber is equipped with an exhaust device installed in its upper part connected to the exhaust pipe. 12. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the length of the transition chamber to the width of the feeder is (2.0-5.5): 1. 13. Installation according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that through holes are provided in the feeder and in the storage bath, equipped with exhaust valves designed to release unmelted particles and destruction elements of the refractories of the installation. 14. Installation according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the bottom of the storage bath and feeder are lined with refractory and electrically conductive materials, for example, from a heat-resistant alloy of silicon carbide, zirconium oxide. 15. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that in the Central part of the feeder, in its upper part, electric heating elements are installed. 16. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the transition chamber heater is made in the form of at least one gas nozzle mounted with the possibility of directing the torch on the surface of the plate and on the surface of the adjustable gate. 17. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the area of the working hole to the total area of the holes of the die of the feeder is 7.0-20.5, and the hole area of each die is 1.3-8.5 mm ² . 18. Installation according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a device for releasing the melt from iron impurities, made in the form of a constant or pulsating current source, the electrodes of which are installed at the input of the feeder, connected to the corresponding poles of the current source and are designed to transmit current through the melt.