UA27982U - Mechanism for production of high silicate fibers from rocks "module kibol-s" - Google Patents

Abstract

A mechanism for production of the high silicate fibers from rocks contains the furnace for preparation of fusion, the output of which is connected with the input of feeder, at the output of the feeder a transitional camera is set, the body frame wall of the transitional camera has a done hole, in which a stream feeder assembly is set, but at the output of done hole the mechanism for production of fibers is set. Between the furnace for preparation of fusion and the feeder a homogenizer is set, made in form of two vertically and coaxially set glasses with the gap one inside the other, forming internal inlet chamber and external clarification chamber, in which vertically partition is set, intended for preparation on its upper edge the stream of a fusion in the form of a strip. The clarification chamber cavity is connected with the mechanism, intended for making of rarefied air in its space over the stream of the fusion. Between the bottom of one glass and a free end of another glass exists a gap for the passage of the fusion stream.

Description

Description of the invention

The proposed utility model relates to installations for the production of continuous, chopped, coarse, 2-staple inorganic fibers from natural rock minerals such as sands, quartz, crushed quartz sandstone or quartzites.

The use of inorganic fibers from natural materials - sand as a raw material makes it possible to produce environmentally friendly, weather-resistant fibers. The mentioned fibers and products from them are in many cases substitutes for asbestos, glass, metal, wood and other materials widely used in 70 industries. Therefore, the need and technical requirements for inorganic fibers from natural materials are growing.

It should be especially noted the use of sand fibers as fillers in building materials instead of glass fibers in the production of, for example, materials such as fiberglass concrete.

The closest to the proposed installation in terms of the number of essential features is the installation for the production of high-silicate fibers from rocks, which contains a furnace for obtaining a melt, the outlet of which is connected to the 12th entrance of the feeder, at the outlet of which a transition chamber is installed, in the wall of the body of the transition chamber there is a production hole in which a spinneret feeder is installed, and a mechanism for obtaining fibers is installed at the exit from the production hole (Russian Patent Mob2924 01, MPKb6 СО3837/02, publ. 05.10.2007.

The disadvantage of the described installation is the insufficient strength and chemical stability of the continuous fibers obtained in it due to the presence of extraneous, in particular, gaseous inclusions in them. 20 The proposed useful model is based on the task of creating such an installation for the production of high-silicate fibers from rocks, which would significantly increase the strength and chemical stability of the resulting fibers by creating conditions for reducing the amount of impurities and gaseous inclusions in them.

The task is achieved by creating conditions in the proposed installation for removing 22 gaseous inclusions from the melt on the path of the melt flow to the die by supplementing the installation with a device for obtaining a thin layer of melt and creating an air rarefaction zone above the thin layer of melt in the cavity of this device.

The proposed, as well as the known installation for the production of high-silicate fibers from rocks, contains a furnace for obtaining a melt, the output of which is connected to the input of a feeder, at the output of which a transition chamber c 30 is installed, in the wall of the body of the transition chamber there is a production hole in which a spinneret feeder is installed, and a mechanism for obtaining fibers is installed at the exit from the production hole, and, according to the proposal, a homogenizer is installed between the furnace for obtaining the melt and the feeder, made in the form of two vertically and coaxially installed cups with a gap in each other, which form an internal receiving chamber, and an external lighting chamber, in which a vertical partition is installed, intended for receiving

From the upper edge of the melt flow in the form of a strip, the lighting chamber is equipped with a means for creating a discharge of air in its cavity, and between the bottom of one glass and the free end of the other glass there is a gap for the passage of the melt flow.

A feature of the proposed installation is that the vertical partition in the lighting chamber of the homogenizer "is made in the form of a set of coaxial rings installed with the possibility of adjusting its height. With 50 A special feature of the proposed installation is that the homogenizer is equipped with a heating system made in the form of at least two rows of gas-air nozzles fixed at an angle o-3...659 to the vertical and "z located along the radius in a staggered order at a distance H-(5...7)O from the vertical axis of the homogenizer, where O is the diameter of the nozzle nozzle designed to direct the torch to the external receiving chamber of the homogenizer.

A feature of the proposed installation is that the homogenizer is equipped with devices for bottom and side bubbling. - And the peculiarity of the proposed installation is that the entrance to the homogenizer is located below the bottom of the furnace.

The main task of the proposed solution is to create a homogeneous melt composition and, as a result, a homogeneous fiber composition. The term "homogeneous" comes from the Greek "potodepevz" - homogeneous in (o) 250 composition | see Dictionary of foreign words and expressions / Author-author. E. S. Zenovych. - M. 000 "Izdatelstvo "Astrel": OO "Izdatelstvo AST", 2004. - p.158). Therefore, the use of the term "homogenizer" as the name of the key device of the proposed installation is legitimate.

Obtaining a melt flow in the form of a strip is more technological than, for example, in the form of a cylindrical flow. In addition, it is the shape of the band that makes it possible to reduce the temperature gradient along the thickness - along the cross section of the flow - to make it uniform. The thickness of the strip depends on the viscosity of the melt and the flow rate. c The smaller the thickness and the higher the flow speed, the higher the quality of the fiber obtained at the end of the process, as it allows the removal of a larger number of gas bubbles from the strip in the rarefaction zone.

Given the limited space, the heating system of the homogenizer is made in the form of two rows of gas-air nozzles, fixed at an angle o0-3...652 to the vertical axis of the homogenizer and located 60 along the radius in a staggered order at a distance of Н-(5...7)О from the vertical axis of the homogenizer, where O is the diameter of the nozzle nozzle designed to direct the torch to the receiving chamber of the homogenizer. This design of the heating system of the homogenizer ensures its uniform heating.

The essence of the proposed useful model is explained by a schematic drawing of the proposed installation.

The installation for the production of high-silicate fibers from rocks "Module Kibol - 5" contains a raw material loader 1, the output of which is connected to the capacity of the electric resistance furnace 2, intended for the production of melt. The outlet of the furnace 2 is connected by a draining heat-resistant device C to the entrance of the external receiving chamber 4 of the homogenizer 5. The homogenizer 5 consists of an external receiving chamber 4 and an internal lighting chamber 6. The receiving chamber 4 is equipped with a heating system in the form of gas-air nozzles 7, located in two rows and fixed at an angle y4-452 to the vertical axis of the homogenizer 5 and located along the radius and in a staggered order at a distance of Н-6О from the axis of the homogenizer 5, where О is the diameter of the nozzle 7. The nozzles 7 are designed to create and direct the torch to the external receiving chamber 4 homogenizer 5.

The installation is equipped with a bubbling system, which includes bubbling nozzles 8, designed to supply heated air through them to increase the intensity of mixing of the melt, in order to increase its 7/0 homogeneity in terms of chemical composition and temperature. The output of the receiving chamber 4 is connected to the input of the illumination chamber 6. The illumination chamber 6 is equipped with a device for creating an air discharge in the cavity above the melt layer /not shown/. The device for creating an air discharge in the cavity of the lighting chamber 6 above the melt layer is made in the form of a rotary mechanical pump with an oil seal of the VN-TMG type

Lozinsky M. G. Thermal microscopy of materials. - M.: Metallurgy. - 1976. - P.30-67), which is connected to the 7/5 upper part of the cavity of the lighting chamber b. In the lighting chamber, a vertical partition 9 would be installed, designed to obtain a melt band of the required thickness on its upper edge. The partition 9 is made of coaxially installed rings with the possibility of adjusting its height depending on the viscosity of the melt. The melt level in the illumination chamber would be higher than in the receiving chamber 5 and in the feeder 10.

The output of the lighting chamber 6 is connected to the feeder 10. The installation is equipped with four transition chambers 11, 2012, 13, 14. A threshold 15 is installed between the feeder 10 and the homogenizer 5. The feeder 10 has outputs to each transition chamber 11, 12, 13, 14. Each transition chamber 11, 12, 13, 14 has its own production hole 16, and a heated feeder with dies 17 is located below the production hole 16. Each transition chamber 11, 12, 13, 14 is designed to create a thin layer of melt flow. Each transitional chamber 11, 12, 13, 14 is equipped with a heater 18. The bottom of the transitional chambers 11, 12, 13, 14 has a slope directed towards the production hole 16. At the same time, the value of the angle of inclination for each chamber 11, 12, 13, 14 is selected experimentally from the conditions of production of one or another type of fiber and products and from the viscosity of the melt. Transitional chambers 11, 12, 13, 14 have different c) volumes, which makes it possible to receive from each chamber the required amount (volume) from 1 ton to 1000 tons of fiber per year and to carry out their work in an independent mode. At the entrance to each transition chamber 11, 12, 13, 14, there is a threshold, respectively, 15, 19, and above the threshold - an adjustable shutter 20, which are designed to obtain a melt flow of the required thickness and quality. Each adjustable slide 20 is made in the form of a guillotine, the working edge of which knife is horizontal and ensures, if necessary, a complete overlap of the flow of the melt to the corresponding transition chamber 11 or 12, or 13, or 14. Each adjustable slide 20 du) is installed with the possibility during overlapping the entrance to the transition chamber or 11, or 12, or 13, or 14 touch with its side plane the side surface of the threshold 15, 19. The bottom of the receiving chamber 4, the lighting chamber - 5 and the feeder 10 are lined with refractory and electrically conductive materials made of heat-resistant alloy or carbide with silicon Each channel of the feeder 10 is heated by the torches of gas-air nozzles 21. In each transition chamber 11, 12, 13, 14, a gas-air nozzle 21 is also installed. Below the production hole 16, spinneret feeders 17 are installed, designed for pulling fibers 22 through them. To process fibers 22 with an oiler, the installation is equipped with a container with a lubricant (not shown), which is fed to the lubrication « device 23. shsh s The proposed installation works as follows. y The following sands were used as rock for fiber production: "" - Bezmeinskoye deposit of the Karakum desert from Turkmenistan, - Mariyskoe deposit of the Karakum desert from Turkmenistan, - grandiorite sands of the Korfovsky quarry (Khabarovsk Krai, Russia). ka Before loading into furnace 2, the sand is completely covered with water, mixed, leave the sand in this position for 5-10 minutes until light pollution appears on the surface of the water, remove light pollution, drain

Water is added and cleaned sand is loaded into the furnace in 2 separate portions. Operations of filling the original sand with water,

Ge) stirring, holding in this position for 5-10 minutes until light pollution appears on the surface of the water, 5o removing light pollution and draining the water 3-5 times. Light impurities that are in the mass of sand, when they fall into water during the mixing of the mass of sand, are separated from it under the action of the Archimedes

ГЯ6) forces float to the surface of the water, where they are easily removed by draining the surface layer of water with light impurities. Then the sand is dried and directed to the raw material loader 1, which continuously and uniformly distributes the sand in a thin layer over the entire area of the electric resistance furnace 2. The distribution of sand over the heated surface of the furnace cavity 2 in a thin layer allows you to intensify the melting process and obtain a melt with a higher specific gravity , to reduce the time of forced downtimes of the furnace 2, associated with bringing it to working mode and its cooling during shutdowns. The extremely high thermal stress of the melting furnace 2 allows you to melt rocks during the bottom discharge of the melt in the form of a continuous jet with an adjustable flow rate due to the optimization of the diameter of the pouring heated device 3. At the same time, the time the melt stays in the furnace 2 can also be adjusted by changing the height of the heated pouring device 3 The sand melts continuously in the electric furnace 2 at a temperature between 1750...18502С. At the same time, for the various sands listed above, the following optimal melting temperatures were established: - Bezmeinskoe deposit of the Karakum desert from Turkmenistan - 1750......180090, - Mariyskoe deposit of the Karakum desert from Turkmenistan - 1750......17802С, 65 - grandiorite sands of the Korfovsky quarry (Khabarovsk Territory, Russia) -1830...1850260.

The resulting melt poured continuously from the bottom of the furnace 2 through the pouring heat-resistant device with a constant flow and, under the influence of gravity, entered the receiving chamber 4 of the homogenizer 5, where its temperature was kept constant with the help of the flame of gas-air nozzles 7 installed in the upper part of the receiving chamber chambers 4, in two rows. At the same time, each of the nozzles 7 is fixed at an angle o-3...659 to the vertical, and at a distance of H-(5...7)O from the axis of the homogenizer, where O is the diameter of the nozzle nozzle. Nozzles 7 in rows are located in relation to each other in a staggered order. In addition, the inclination of the nozzles in one row is opposite to the inclination of the nozzles in the other row, that is, they are inclined at an acute angle to the nozzles of the first row. The values of the angle o-3...652 are chosen from the following understandings: a decrease in the angle of less than 32 leads to an increase in the speed of movement of melt flows, however, at the same time, the nozzles quickly become unusable due to 70 Increase of their heating surface. An increase in the angle greater than 65 2 leads to a decrease in the speed of movement of melt flows and, therefore, to a decrease in the degree of its homogenization. In addition to the directed effect of high-temperature gas flows on the melt mirror, the distance H-(5...7)O of the nozzle installation is important for improving the quality of homogenization. Reducing this value to less than 50 has little effect, and also reduces the life of the nozzles. An increase in the distance by a value greater than 70 leads to the fact that the effect of mixing the melt layers in depth decreases. The values of the angle o and the distance H are determined experimentally and are optimal for achieving the technical result - intensification of the melt homogenization process. In addition, the nozzles are installed in two rows and the direction of one row is opposite to the direction of the nozzles of the other row. As a result, the melt is affected by two flows in opposite directions, which significantly intensifies the homogenization of the melt and ensures maintenance of the operating temperature in the homogenizer 5.

At the same time, mixing of the upper layers of the melt took place due to the flame of gas-air nozzles 7, installed at different angles and facing each other. To mix the melt in the middle and in the lower part of the receiving chamber 4, side (not shown) and bottom 8 bubble nozzles were installed, through which heated air was supplied. At the same time, due to the "short exposure of the melt in the receiving chamber 4 of the homogenizer 5, the melt turns out to be quite gassy, turbulent, relatively unilluminated (uncleaned) and, basically, unsuitable for filamentation due to the presence of lumps of unmelted raw charge and gas bubbles, which does not allow to obtain a thin and strong continuous thread from such a melt. To illuminate the melt by gravity, it is fed to the illumination chamber b, where the air pressure in the rarefaction zone above the melt flow is maintained within 0.10...0.30 Pa using a vacuum pump /not shown/ . At the same time, gaseous inclusions come out of the melt, evaporate and escape into the atmosphere. A partition 9 is installed in the illumination chamber 6. The flow of the melt, which is under discharge in the flow zone through the partition 9, forms a thin layer on its upper edge, which in the process the overflow is freed from gas bubbles - gaseous inclusions and lumps of raw charge that have not melted, which fall before the with the egret 9 down, and, (o) thus, the melt is lightened. From the lighting chamber 6, the melt flow flows out through the descending duct and through the m threshold 15 enters the feeder 10, where, due to the small thickness of the melt flow, it is possible to avoid the formation of a temperature gradient along the thickness of the melt and uncontrolled convection flows and associated heat losses. with

Furnace 2 has small dimensions, so it is easy to carry out strict control over compliance with the thermal regime. The coefficient of efficiency of the furnace 2 is at least 6595, and the residence time of the melt in the furnace 2 is reduced by more than 50 times compared to the traditional bath of the glass furnace. "

The feeder 10 is heated from above by burning gas torches coming from gas-air nozzles 21 and electric heating elements 18, which together with a high-precision temperature controller (not shown) and - with temperature sensors - thermocouples of the platinum-platinum-rhodium type (not shown) provide in the feeder 9 and maintain the temperature of the melt with an accuracy of -0.59С. Next, the melt, through the threshold 19 and the adjustable shutter 20, installed at the exit from the feeder 10 to the transition chamber 11, is directed to the product through the production holes 16 to the spinneret feeders 17. Thanks to the heating of the transition chamber 11, the previously achieved state of homogenized melt is maintained, which allows to obtain strong thin fibers. The heated melt enters the spinneret feeders 17, from which continuous fibers 22 are drawn. Fibers 22 are treated with oiler, which is supplied from the container, with the help of oiling device 23. After oiling, fibers 22 are fed through a system of mechanisms to the winding apparatus 28, where they are wound on the bobbin, and then for processing into (se) relevant products. o 20 As a result, high-silicate continuous fibers were obtained from the above-mentioned sands, the main properties of which are given in Table 1. The strength of elementary continuous fibers was determined on a weight dynamometer

IR) type with a working length of the sample of 1 Ohm, and coarse fibers - on a tearing machine RM-3 with a sample length of 50 mm. ov - Bema 00111180 bo

Chopped high-silicate fibers from the named sands were obtained from the melt that passed through the transition chamber 12. The formation of melt jets was carried out by a slotted 2000-spindle feeder, from which continuous fibers were fed to the cutting machine 25. 65 The characteristics of high-silicate chopped fibers obtained from the above-mentioned sands are given in Table 2.

The length of the withers we | 0006001620600you

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Coarse high-silicate fibers from the named sands were obtained from the melt that passed through the transition chamber 13. The formation of the melt jets was carried out by a slotted BOO-spindle feeder, made of a heat-resistant alloy. At the same time, extraction of melt jets was carried out mechanically, at a speed of 5...10 m/min. The formed coarse fibers were broken into pieces using a device for chopping coarse fibers 26. The main properties of coarse high-silicate fibers are given in Tables 3 and 4.

Mariysye 1655 596 va vve vot sch y y y p U y

Staple high-silicate fibers from the named sands were obtained from the melt that passed through the transition 00 chamber 14 by blowing the primary fibers with a stream of heated gases according to a known technology | see

Kitaigorodskyi N. I. Glass technology. - M. Gosstroyizdat - 1961. - 624 p. The properties of the obtained Ф staple high-silicate fiber are presented in table 5.

High-silicate continuous fiber, high-silicate chopped fiber, high-silicate coarse fiber, high-silicate staple fiber obtained in the proposed installation from the above-mentioned sands, as shown by 45 studies, are superior to basalts in terms of chemical resistance.

In the Formula of the invention se) o 20 1. Installation for the production of high-silicate fibers from rocks, containing a furnace for obtaining a melt, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the feeder, a transition chamber is installed at the outlet of the feeder, in the wall and" body of the transition chamber there is a production hole in which a spinneret feeder is installed, and at the exit from the production hole a mechanism for obtaining fibers is installed, which differs in that between the furnace for obtaining the melt and the feeder, a homogenizer is installed, made in the form of two vertically and 29 coaxially installed with a gap of one in one of the glasses forming the inner receiving chamber and the outer lighting chamber, in which a vertical partition is installed, designed to receive a stream of melt in the form of a strip on its upper edge, the cavity of the lighting chamber is connected to a device designed to create air rarefaction in its cavity above the melt flow, and between the bottom of one glass and the free end of another glass the channel is a gap for the passage of the melt flow. bo 2. The installation according to item 1, which differs in that the vertical partition in the lighting chamber of the homogenizer is made in the form of a set of coaxial rings installed with the possibility of adjusting its height. 3. Installation according to item 1, which differs in that the homogenizer is equipped with a heating system made in the form of at least two rows of gas-air nozzles fixed at an angle (y-3,...459 to the vertical and distance H -45...7)0 from the axis of the homogenizer, where Ti /( is the diameter of the nozzle of the nozzle designed to direct the torch to the external receiving chamber

Claims (1)

homogenizer. 4. Installation according to claims 1, C, which differs in that the homogenizer is equipped with devices for bottom and side bubbling. 5. Installation according to claims 1-4, which differs in that the entrance to the homogenizer is located below the bottom of the furnace. - se (ee) Ge) cha s - with . a ko -I (se) so 7 more) s bo b5