RU61802U1 - CIRCULAR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - Google Patents

Abstract

The rodless internal combustion engine is designed to convert fuel energy into mechanical energy. A block (2) of cylinders and a cam (3) are mounted in the housing (1) of the rodless motor, rigidly connected to the shaft (4) and having the possibility of rotation relative to the housing. The cam (3) is made in the form of a truncated cone coaxial to the shaft (4), and a closed wave-shaped groove (5) is made on the conical surface of the cam. The axis of each of the cylinders of the cylinder block is parallel to the generatrix of the conical surface of the cam. Each piston (6) from the cylinder block is connected to one of the ends of the pusher (7), the other end of which is equipped with a roller (8) located in the cam groove. Each of the pushers is installed in the guide (9) of the housing. In addition, the engine has a distribution disk (10), a needle (11) for supplying oil to rubbing parts, and gas channels (12) made in the housing. Advantageously, the engine is made symmetrical with respect to the plane passing through the larger base of the truncated cone, while the second, symmetrical to the first, part contains all the elements and nodes described above. When the engine is running, the roller (8) of the pusher (7) presses on the wall of the wave-shaped groove (5) made on the conical surface of the cam. As a result of this, a torque occurs on the cam, as well as on the shaft rigidly connected to it. The choice of the shape of the wavy groove and the number of waves in it allows you to design an engine with the required characteristics. This embodiment of the engine allows to reduce the loads acting on the elements of the mechanism for converting the reciprocating motion of the pistons into the rotational motion of the ICE shaft, and their more advantageous distribution within the piston stroke by choosing the shape of the cam groove. 2 s.p. f-ly, 2 ill. Figure 1

Description

The utility model relates to mechanical engineering, namely to internal combustion engines (ICE), and can be used to convert fuel energy into mechanical energy.

Known cam mechanism according to patent RU 2205999, designed to convert reciprocating motion into rotary motion in a rodless ICE and containing a cam mounted on the shaft interacting with pusher rollers. The cam is made in the form of a multi-petal flat cam with the number of petals that is a multiple of three, and with an equal distance between diametrically opposite points on the surface. The pushers are mounted in rails mounted on the crankcase covers, with each roller having two rollers in contact with the cam at diametrically opposite points on its surface, the rollers being made elastic.

However, with such a mechanism, difficulties arise in matching the roller elasticity required during assembly with its rigidity during operation, and it is also impossible to stop the piston in TDC in a given sector of the cam rotation angle.

Known rodless internal combustion engine according to patent RU 2278282, comprising a cylinder with a piston, a shaft with a cam mounted on it, a pusher connected to the piston, a roller interacting with the cam mounted on the pusher, and a pusher guide. The cam in the known engine is also made flat, multi-lobe, with the number of petals, a multiple of three, and with an equal distance between diametrically opposite points on the surface. The pushers are mounted in rails mounted on the crankcase covers, with each roller having two rollers in contact with the cam at diametrically opposite points on its surface, the rollers being made elastic. In addition, the pusher is connected to the piston through an elastic element made in the form of a conical spring.

This engine provides the possibility of stopping the piston at TDC in a given sector of the angle of rotation of the cam, however, when such an engine is operating, significant loads arise when the piston moves in the opposite direction. In addition, the implementation of the cam flat with geometric locking by

Coverage of the cam by two rollers, imposing stringent conditions on the accuracy of manufacturing the cam, leads to the appearance of additional stresses in the plunger.

The technical result, the achievement of which the present utility model is directed, is to reduce the loads acting on the elements of the mechanism for converting the reciprocating motion of the pistons into the rotational motion of the ICE shaft, and their more advantageous distribution within the piston stroke.

The specified technical result is ensured by that in a rodless internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder with a piston; a shaft with a cam mounted on it; a pusher connected to the piston; a roller mounted on the pusher interacting with the cam; and the guide of the pusher, the cam is made in the form of a truncated cone coaxial to the shaft, a closed wavy groove is made on the conical surface of the cam, the axis of the cylinder is parallel to the generatrix of the specified conical surface, and the pusher roller is located in the groove.

This shape of the cam makes it possible to reduce the maximum loads during the process of converting the reciprocating motion into rotational motion when changing the direction of movement of the piston. For example, in the “stroke” stroke, after the piston passes the top dead center (TDC), when the piston speed is minimum and the forces acting on it are maximum, then the force acting on the piston is transmitted to the shaft through the smallest shoulder. When the piston approaches the bottom dead center (BDC), its speed is maximum, and the force acting on the piston is minimal and is transmitted to the shaft through the largest shoulder. Thus, the conversion of the reciprocating motion into rotational motion occurs with minimal changes in the angular velocity and torque of the shaft, and as a result, with the least critical loads.

The engine may contain several cylinders with pistons forming a cylinder block, and several pushers, each of which is connected to the corresponding piston of the cylinder and installed in the guide, while the roller of each pusher is located in the groove.

In addition, the engine can be equipped with an additional cam, cylinder block, pushers with rollers and pusher guides symmetrically located relative to the plane passing through the larger base of the truncated cone.

The implementation of the internal combustion engine with a symmetrical arrangement of the cams and the cylinder block allows to reduce the vibration of the engine during its operation.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a rodless engine with a partial cut along the plane of symmetry;

figure 2 schematically shows a fragment of a scan of the housing of the rodless motor.

The rodless internal combustion engine comprises a housing 1 with a cylinder block 2. In the housing 1, a cam 3 is mounted for rotation, rigidly connected to the shaft 4. The cam 3 is made in the form of a truncated cone coaxial to the shaft 4, while on the conical surface of the cam 3 there is a closed wave-shaped groove 5. The axis of each of the cylinders of the cylinder block 2 is parallel to the generatric conical the surface of the cam 3. Each piston 6 of the cylinder block 2 is connected to one of the ends of the pusher 7, the other end of which is equipped with a roller 8 located in the groove 5 of the cam 3. Each of the pushers 7 is installed in the guide 9 of the housing 1. K In addition, the engine has a distribution disk 10, a needle 11 for supplying oil to the rubbing parts, and gas channels 12 made in the housing. Mostly, the engine is made symmetrical with respect to a plane passing through the larger base of the truncated cone, while the second, symmetrical to the first, part (uncut section figure 1), contains all the above elements and nodes.

The rodless internal combustion engine operates as follows.

The energy of the compressed gases (Fig. 2, the “stroke”), is transmitted through the piston 6 to the pusher 7, which moves along the guide 9. The roller 8 of the pusher 7 presses on the wall of the wave-shaped groove 5 made on the conical surface of the cam 3. As a result, the cam 3, and also on a shaft 4 rigidly connected to it, a torque occurs. The remaining three cycles (for a four-stroke engine) occur due to the rotation of the cam 3 (either by inertia, or due to the operation of other cylinders from the block). Four engine strokes correspond to the four waves of the wave-shaped groove 5 and define one cycle. Thus, for a four-stroke engine, the number of groups of four waves of the wave-shaped groove 5 will essentially determine the gear ratio of the cam mechanism of this engine. The number of cycles performed in one revolution of the shaft may be

set at the design stage of the engine. Similarly, the number of waves of the wave-shaped groove 5 for a two- or three-stroke engine is determined.

For the engine described above, the ratio of the stroke of the piston to the diameter of the cylinder is not a limitation. Moreover, the execution of the engine allows you to design an engine with the required characteristics by choosing the shape of the wave-shaped groove 5 and the number of waves in it. For example, by choosing the appropriate shape of the wave-shaped groove 5, it is possible to increase the piston stroke at the inlet, thereby increasing the degree of filling of the cylinder and reaching a large volume of the combustion chamber with a high compression ratio.

At different strokes, the piston can approach the cylinder head at different distances, for example, when it is released, it makes sense to bring the piston as close to the cylinder head as possible.

The piston stroke in different strokes can be different and set during design depending on the given characteristics.

The time of various clock cycles can also be unequal: one clock cycle can take significantly longer (or faster) than another clock at constant rotor speeds. This will depend on the angle of inclination of the wave-shaped groove 5. For example, it may be desirable to increase the intake time and reduce the compression time.

In addition, it is possible to calculate the shape of the wave-shaped groove 5 in such a way as to achieve maximum uniformity of torque.

This engine does not require a timing gear drive, since the timing gear is a cam disk mounted on the shaft. He can control the ignition and fuel injection.

The design of the piston group allows the use of a piston space, for which it is enough to install an additional exhaust valve and divide the exhaust gas output cycle into the exhaust accumulator (at the very beginning of the release), and, in fact, the release. Water can be injected into the exhaust gases and fed into the under-piston space of the same cylinder at the beginning of the compression stroke, as the most loaded piston back stroke.

In addition, for a given engine it is immaterial what will be the fixed part and what will be rotating. Equally easily executed engines, both with a rotating cam and a fixed body, and with a rotating body (with a cylinder block) and a fixed cam.

Claims (3)

1. Rodless internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder with a piston; a shaft with a cam mounted on it; a pusher connected to the piston; a roller mounted on the pusher interacting with the cam; and a pusher guide, characterized in that the cam is made in the form of a truncated cone coaxial to the shaft, a closed wavy groove is made on the conical surface of the cam, the axis of the cylinder is parallel to the generatrix of the specified conical surface, and the pusher roller is located in the groove. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains several cylinders with pistons forming a cylinder block, and several pushers, each of which is connected to the corresponding piston of the cylinder and installed in the guide, while the roller of each pusher is located in the groove. 3. The engine according to claim 2, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional cam, cylinder block, pushers with rollers and pusher guides symmetrically located relative to the plane passing through the larger base of the truncated cone.