RU2406838C2 - Piston conrod-free internal combustion engine (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: engine consists of crank shaft with radius of crank equal to quarter of piston stroke, of mounted of crank shaft eccentric with eccentricity equal to quarter of piston stroke and of slide put on eccentric and resting on side surfaces of carter. The slide is coupled with the piston by means of a rod. To pass dead points the mechanism is equipped with holders in form of spring-loaded rollers facilitating rotation of the crank shaft only in one direction, and rotation of eccentric - into an opposite one. For example, a stop is installed on the eccentric in form of an involute tooth or a cylinder pin, while response recesses are made on the carter.

EFFECT: raised efficiency and resource of engine due to reduced friction of pistons against walls of cylinder.

3 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to engine building, and can be used on vehicles: motorcycles, cars, river vessels, aircraft, and also as a drive for stationary power plants.

An analogue of the proposed engine are Balandin rodless engines (Balandin S.S. Rodless internal combustion engines, 1972).

In the Balandin rodless engines, friction losses are reduced several times, the efficiency is significantly increased, the reliability is increased, and conditions are created for increasing the engine life due to the reduction of the piston friction against the cylinders due to the use of the rodless movement conversion mechanism.

The mechanical efficiency of the experimental Balandin rodless motors is equal to 94% against 75 ... 85% of engines with crank mechanisms.

The prototype is the Balandin internal combustion engine, made according to the scheme with a twin eccentric (Same, p. 14. Fig. 11c).

The crankshaft of this engine is similar to the crankshaft of a crank engine, but has half the radius of the crank. A twin eccentric is mounted on the crank pin of the crankshaft. Slides are installed on the eccentrics, which are connected to the pistons through the rods. Sliders relative to each other are located at an angle of 90 °, so the engine can be made according to the X and V-shaped schemes.

This engine has disadvantages. Since the eccentric is paired, the engine cannot be made in-line, to position the cylinders in the same plane, which is important for the automotive industry. On the crankshaft, it is impossible to perform the average support between the cylinders due to the twin eccentric, therefore the engine has a small resource. The engine is difficult to manufacture.

The invention is aimed at eliminating the above disadvantages.

The technical result for all three options is to increase the efficiency and resource of the engine by reducing the friction of the pistons against the cylinder walls. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that each cylinder of the engine is equipped with its own eccentric located on the crank of the crankshaft, and is also equipped with clamps for passing the middle "dead" points. To prevent the reverse rotation of the crankshaft, a latch is also installed on its main neck. Alternatively, for the passage of “dead” points on the eccentric, an emphasis is set in the form of an involute tooth or in the form of a pin, and reciprocal cavities are made in the crankcase. The invention is illustrated using the drawings.

Figure 1 shows the described rodless engine;

figure 2 is the same, a section along aa of figure 1;

figure 3 - the same, with the piston in the middle right "dead" point;

figure 4 - the same, with the position of the piston in the middle left "dead" point;

figure 5 is the same, the moment the piston passes the middle right "dead" point by inertia;

figure 6 is an engine, a section along BB-1 of figure 1;

in Fig.7 shows the forces acting when starting the engine at the moment the piston passes the middle right "dead center";

on Fig shows the forces acting when starting the engine at the moment the piston passes the middle left “dead point”;

figure 9 shows the passage of the middle dead center by an eccentric with emphasis in the form of an involute tooth;

figure 10 shows the relative position of the teeth and depressions:

- a - 15 ° to the middle "dead" point;

- 6 - 30 ° after the middle "dead center";

figure 11 shows an example of the execution of the emphasis of the eccentric in the form of a pin;

Fig - piston with a slider and a rod, made in one piece;

Fig - four-cylinder piston, rodless engine.

The engine consists of a crankcase 1 (see Figs. 1 and 2), in which there is a movement conversion mechanism consisting of a crankshaft 2, an eccentric 3, a slider 4, a rod 5. The rod is connected to the slider through a pin 6. A cylinder 7 is attached to the crankcase, in which the piston 8 with the piston rings 9 is mounted. The piston is connected to the rod by a piston pin 10. The cylinder head 11 is attached to the cylinder, on which the spark plug 12 is mounted, the intake and exhaust valves 13, 14. The guide surfaces 15 for the slide are made on the crankcase. In the slider, rollers 16 are fixed, fixed by springs 17. The engine has a cooling system, a lubrication system, a fuel supply system, a start system, a gas distribution mechanism, as on conventional reciprocating internal combustion engines.

A feature of the proposed engine is that it has four “dead spots”. Top dead center - when the piston is in its highest position. The bottom dead center is when the piston is in its lowest position. Mid-right “dead center” - when the piston is in the middle between the extreme positions, while the crankshaft crank is rotated 90 ° to the right of the cylinder axis. The middle-left “dead center” when the piston is in the middle between the extreme positions, while the crankshaft crank is rotated 90 ° to the left of the cylinder axis. The middle right and left "dead" points are shown in Figures 3 and 4. The passage of the "dead" points of a running engine is due to inertial forces. Figure 5 shows the moment of passage of the middle-right dead center. The piston moves down, the crankshaft rotates to the right, the eccentric rotates to the left and passes the middle “dead center” due to the inertial force 18 from the piston, slide, rod and eccentric.

To pass the middle "dead" points of an idle engine, for example, at the time of starting the engine, clamps, which consist of rollers and springs, are installed in the slider. The locks allow the eccentric to rotate in only one direction. To prevent rotation of the crankshaft in the opposite direction on the crankcase in the support of the main neck of the crankshaft mounted clamps (see Fig.6), consisting of rollers 19 and springs 20.

The action of forces when passing the middle-right “dead center” when starting the engine is shown in Fig.7. When starting the engine, the starting device informs the crankshaft of the angular velocity ω, while the crankshaft crank acts at point A on an eccentric with a force P. rotates the cam. The eccentric, rotating, moves downward, pulls a slider, which moves the piston through the rod with a speed v.

The action of forces when passing the middle-left “dead center” when starting the engine is shown in Fig. 8. When starting the engine, the starting device informs the crankshaft of the angular velocity ω, while the crankshaft crank acts at point A on an eccentric with a force P. rotates the cam. The eccentric, rotating, moves upward, pulls a slider, which moves the piston through the rod with a speed v.

To pass the middle “dead” points at the time of starting the engine (as an option), an emphasis in the form of a tooth or a pin can be installed on the eccentric, and emphasis in the form of a recess can be made on the crankcase. The passage of the middle dead center of the eccentric with an emphasis made in the form of a tooth is shown in Fig.9. The involute tooth 21 is made in one piece with the eccentric or is made as a separate part and is mounted on the eccentric from the side of the crank. On the crankcase, opposite the crank, in the middle left and right “dead” points, two recesses 22 in the form of troughs of gears with internal gearing are made. D ₁ - dividing diameter for the tooth. D ₂ - dividing the diameter of the troughs. The dividing diameter of the tooth D ₁ is equal to half the diameter D _{2 of the} depressions.

Figure 10, a shows the position of the tooth of the eccentric at the moment of 15 ° to the middle "dead center". Figure 10, b shows the position of the eccentric tooth at a moment of 30 ° after the average dead center of rotation of the crankshaft crank.

11, the emphasis of the eccentric is made in the form of a pin 23, the diameter D ₁ is equal to half the diameter D ₂ , therefore, the cavity 24 has the shape of a cylindrical fillet. With any other ratio of diameters D ₁ to D _{2, the} depression will have the form of a cycloid.

Emphasis in the form of teeth or pins can be placed on the crankcase, and hollows on the eccentric.

Details - a piston, a piston pin, a rod, a rod pin, a slider - can be performed as a single unit, as in Balandin engines. Such a detail is shown in FIG.

The operation of the proposed engine does not differ from the operation of a reciprocating internal combustion engine with a crank mechanism.

The engine may be push-pull or four-stroke, may be gasoline or diesel.

A distinctive feature of the proposed rodless engine is that it can be in-line or opposed, and when the engine is four-cylinder, the engine is completely balanced. The inertial forces of the pistons, eccentrics, sliders, respectively, are pairwise directed to each other, therefore, mutually compensated. The resulting moment of a pair of forces M ₁ from the pistons P1 and P2 is compensated by the moment M ₂ from the pistons P3 and P4 (see Fig. 13).

The advantage of the proposed engine over an engine with a crank mechanism is in reducing the friction of the pistons against the cylinder walls, as a result of which the total friction power loss is reduced several times, the efficiency is significantly increased, the economy is improved, and the service life is increased.

The proposed engine can be easily constructed from an automobile engine. It is necessary to replace the crankshaft of the car with a crankshaft with cranks with radii reduced by half; in the crankcase, it is necessary to make guide planes for the sliders. Install the eccentric sliders on the cranks. To establish clamps (balls or rollers with springs) in the sliders and in the crankshaft support.

The increase in the cost of manufacturing the engine pays off by saving fuel and increasing the resource by preliminary calculations two to three times.

Claims (3)

1. A piston, rodless internal combustion engine, consisting of a crankcase to which the cylinder is attached, with a piston with piston rings placed in it, a cylinder head with a combustion chamber and spark plugs, a gas distribution system, a lubrication system, a cooling system, a starting system, fuel supply system, a mechanism for converting rectilinear motion into rotational motion, consisting of a crankshaft with a crank equal to a quarter of the stroke of the piston, an eccentric with an eccentricity equal to a quarter of the stroke a piston mounted on a crank, a slider mounted on an eccentric resting on supporting planes made in the crankcase, characterized in that, in order to simplify the design and reduce mechanical losses, a separate eccentric is made for each cylinder, which is fixed to pass the “dead” points spring-loaded rollers installed in the holes made in the sliders tangent to the diameter of the eccentric to prevent the crankshaft from rotating in the idle side, a support is installed in the crankcase support burned rollers. 2. A piston, rodless internal combustion engine, consisting of a crankcase to which a cylinder is attached, with a piston with piston rings placed in it, a cylinder head with a combustion chamber and spark plugs, a gas distribution system, a lubrication system, a cooling system, a starting system, fuel supply system, a mechanism for converting rectilinear motion into rotational motion, consisting of a crankshaft with a crank equal to a quarter of the stroke of the piston, an eccentric with an eccentricity equal to a quarter of the stroke a claw mounted on a crank, a slider mounted on an eccentric, resting on supporting planes made in the crankcase, characterized in that for the passage of the "dead" points on the eccentric, an emphasis is set in the form of an involute tooth, and in the crankcase there are two recesses in the form of involute cavities located opposite each other in the plane of the axis of the crankshaft perpendicular to the plane of the cylinder, while the diameter of the pitch circle of the tooth is two times smaller than the pitch diameter of the troughs. 3. A piston, rodless internal combustion engine, consisting of a crankcase to which the cylinder is attached, with a piston with piston rings placed in it, a cylinder head with a combustion chamber and spark plugs, a gas distribution system, a lubrication system, a cooling system, a starting system, fuel supply system, a mechanism for converting rectilinear motion into rotational motion, consisting of a crankshaft with a crank equal to a quarter of the stroke of the piston, an eccentric with an eccentricity equal to a quarter of the stroke a piston mounted on a crank of a slider mounted on an eccentric resting on support planes made in the crankcase, characterized in that a pin in the form of a pin is installed on the cam to pass the “dead” points, and two recesses are located in the crankcase located opposite each other in the plane of the axis of the crankshaft perpendicular to the plane of the cylinder, the shape of which can be cylindrical or cycloid depending on the ratio of the diameters on which the pin and troughs are located.

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