RU61075U1 - SEED DRILLING UNIT - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, pellet mills, intended for applying pelleting compounds to seeds of agricultural crops in preparation for sowing. The proposed solution allows to increase the productivity of the device and improve the quality of dragee. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the apparatus for pelleting seeds containing loading and unloading devices, a spraying coating device, a drum mounted for rotation, a device for increasing the intensity of mixing, placed coaxially in the internal volume of the drum, a drive and a bed, made with the possibility of installation under angle to the horizon to change the inclination of the axis of rotation, according to a new technical solution, a device for increasing the intensity of mixing is made in the form of a screw a, the edges of which are provided with brushes in contact with the inner surface of the drum, while the drum and auger have separate reversible drives with the possibility of changing the speed.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, pellet mills, intended for applying pelleting compounds to seeds of agricultural crops in preparation for sowing.

Seed pelleting is currently known by pressing granules, extruding (stamping) or layering.

Most preferred is the coating of seeds by layering, which can be carried out by two methods.

In the first case, a thin (up to 80 micron thick) shell of film-forming (usually hydrophobic) materials is created on the surface of the seeds. Such a shell during winter or early spring sowing delays swelling and, therefore, seed germination until relatively high positive temperatures, and also holds insectofungicides applied to the surface of the seeds, so they are more effectively used. Due to the well-known technical difficulties, such processing (sometimes called hydrophobization) is carried out, as a rule, in the factory.

Another type of coating of seeds by layering is the creation on the surface of seeds of a hydrophilic shell of various materials, which increases their size and levels the surface. The main material of the shell must be porous, so that air can easily penetrate the seeds; have the ability to adsorb and retain water; be a buffer; it is good to absorb salts so that their high concentration is not created; quickly collapse when sowing in moist soil; not to be carried to the surface by cotyledons. The seeds are usually coated with “flour” with a particle size of less than 0.1 mm, since large filler particles can serve as the basis for the formation of granules without seed. The composition of the coating material includes trace elements, insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, etc. This eliminates the need for separate application of drugs and increases the efficiency of their use.

Preparing seeds for sowing by creating a hydrophilic membrane around the seed allows you to enlarge and unify the weight, shape and size of the seeds. The spherical or ellipsoidal shape of the pelleted seeds is convenient for sowing and provides better filling of the seeder cells for dotted sowing. Precision sowing

Dragee seeds allows you to ensure even rows and the same distance between plants, reduce competition between plants, significantly reduces seed consumption, provides better seed placement, and, therefore, friendly seedlings, which reduces or eliminates the cost of manual labor for thinning plants. The large contact surface, the nature of the shell contribute to the appearance of earlier seedlings, and this technique is widely used in vegetable growing.

A well-known seed seed mixer (A.S. No. 1817970, MKI A 01 C 1/06, 1993), comprising a housing, loading and unloading nozzles, a working body mounted on the shaft, made in the form of coaxially arranged spirals, while the spirals have opposite coils with a semi-oval shape and are installed with the possibility of pouring seeds from one spiral into another.

In this analogue, the technological cycle of work in the mixer is significantly longer than the passage of the processed materials through the spirals. The angular speed of the disk is low, which leads to a decrease in the performance of the installation.

A known apparatus for pelleting seeds (AS No. 1510745, MKI A 01 C 1/06, 1989), selected for the prototype, containing a loading conveyor and a spray gun, a cup-shaped working body (drum) rotating on an inclined drive shaft, with this is located inside the drum swinging helical plate.

In the known installation, a screw-shaped rocking plate, designed to soften and prevent "fluffing" of a portion of seeds, does not provide high-quality mixing of a coating (glue) solution with seeds due to an insignificant contact surface. In addition, the helical plate is a passive surface, i.e. a place of constant sticking of a moistened mixture of seeds, the cleaning of which is possible only by hand.

The objective of the new technical solution is to increase the productivity of the apparatus and improve the quality of dragee.

This is the technical result.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the apparatus for pelleting seeds, containing loading and unloading devices, a spraying coating composition, a drum mounted for rotation, a device for increasing the intensity of mixing, placed coaxially in the inner volume of the drum,

the drive and the bed, made with the possibility of installation at an angle to the horizontal, according to a new technical solution, the device for increasing the mixing intensity is made in the form of a screw, the edges of which are provided with brushes in contact with the inner surface of the drum, while the drum and screw have separate reversible drives with the possibility of changes in speed.

Figure 1 shows the design of the claimed device, figure 2 - drive design.

Seed pelleting apparatus contains:

- loading device 1 in the form of a conveyor with a feeder, providing a metered supply of seeds;

- a spraying of the coating composition 2, placed under the loading device 1 and having tips facing the neck of the working body 3;

- drum 3, mounted with a flange to the drive hollow shaft 9;

- reversible electric drive 6 connected to the hollow shaft 9, providing rotation of the drum;

- auger 4 located in the internal volume of the drum 3, mounted on an axis 10 passing inside the hollow shaft 9;

- brushes 5 mounted along the entire edge of the helical screw 4 and in contact with the inner surface of the drum 3;

- reversible electric drive 7 connected to the axis 10, providing rotation of the screw 4;

- unloading device 8, made, for example, in the form of a gate;

- a bed made with the possibility of installation at an angle to the horizontal to change the inclination of the axis of rotation of the drum 3 and screw 4 (depending on the type of seeds to be drained), for example, by means of a device in the form of threaded rods with a latch mounted in a bed or jack.

Before starting work, the position of the working body 3 is set, the modes and frequency of rotation are determined in accordance with the type of material to be coated. The installation height, respectively, and the angle of inclination relative to the horizon is determined empirically based on the results of studies for each type of seed.

Subjected to pelleting seeds using a loading device 1 are metered into the drum 3, while using a spray 2 are treated with a coating solution.

When working without the screw 4, the seeds treated with the adhesive solution enter the rotating drum 3, form a rolling layer, usually sticking to the inner surface of the working body 3, while there is no effective drazhirovanny.

Using the screw 4, the process is as follows.

Drum 3 and auger 4 due to autonomous drives 6 and 7 can rotate unidirectional and anti-directional. The frequency of rotation and the modes of conducting the process are set depending on the type of seeds.

In the process of joint unidirectional rotation of devices 3 and 4, the sticking of seeds to the inner surface of the drum 3 is prevented by the interaction of the brushes 5 with the surface, the contact surface of the coated seeds inside the drum and the number of rotational movements of the seeds increase, which is a necessary condition for improving the quality of dragees. When increasing the rotational speed of the screw 4, in addition, the angular velocity of the granules increases.

In the process of joint counter-rotation of the devices 3 and 4, similarly, the sticking of seeds to the inner surface of the drum 3 is prevented due to the interaction of the brushes 5 with the surface, the contact surface of the coated seeds inside the drum and the number of rotational movements of the seeds increase, and the sliding layer interacts with the ascending layer and intensive mixing of the granules. With an increase in the rotational speed of the screw 4, the material is lifted to a greater height, therefore, the number of rotational movements of the seeds increases, which contributes to an increase in the performance of drazhirovany.

When the required seed volume is accumulated in the chamber, the feeding process is stopped and the final processing of granules is carried out. When rolling the casing, the installation operates in a cyclic mode, periodically changing the directions and rotational speeds of the drum 3 and screw 4. The mechanical strength of the casing is ensured by the specified operating conditions for each type of seed.

Unloading of finished products is carried out through the gate 8 with a stationary drum and a rotating screw.

Thus, in comparison with the analogue, the new technical solution allows:

- to eliminate sticking of seeds on the inner surface of the drum due to brushes 5 mounted along the edge of the screw 4.

to increase the productivity of the installation and the quality of pelleting seeds due to the rotation of the screw and drum, made with the possibility of unidirectional and antidirectional movement with a given frequency, providing an increase in the contact surface of the coated seeds inside the drum, the number of rotational movements of the granules.

Claims (1)

A seed pelleting apparatus comprising a loading and unloading device, a pelletizing composition atomizer, a rotatably mounted drum, a device for increasing mixing intensity, placed coaxially in the inner volume of the drum, a drive and a bed configured to be installed at an angle to the horizontal, characterized in that the device for increasing the intensity of mixing is made in the form of a screw, the edges of which are equipped with brushes in contact with the inner surface of the drum, when The drum and auger have separate reversible drives with the possibility of changing the speed.