RU58137U1 - BUILDING BLOCK - Google Patents

Abstract

A building block refers to construction, namely clay, silicate or concrete blocks. The triangular shape of the block provides high masonry strength, high mounting ability of the blocks and the ability to perform work by low-skilled installation workers. The design of the block allows very efficient reinforcement of masonry in simple ways, creating monolithic structures suitable for both civil and industrial construction.

Description

The invention relates to construction, namely, clay, silicate or concrete blocks and can be applied to areas with increased seismic hazard.

A known building block, symmetrically curved in the longitudinal direction at an angle with broken support surfaces, symmetrically concave at the same angle. / a.s USSR No. 620567, class E 04 C I / 10, 1976 /.

However, the curvature of the block along the length reduces its strength at the point of longitudinal bending.

Closest to the invention in technical essence is a building block made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with straight flat rectilinear surfaces. The height of the block and its width are constant / GOST 379-95 Brick and silicate stones /

The block is intended for the construction of buildings in seismically calm areas in urban and rural construction during the construction of residential and industrial buildings.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the strength of masonry, simplify construction work, simplify design.

Achieving these goals is carried out by giving the unit a special form that has not been applied so far in construction practice.

The block is made in the form of a plate with flat mutually parallel supporting surfaces and side surfaces perpendicular to them.

The supporting surfaces are made in the form of an isosceles right-angled triangle with a height equal to the wall thickness. For walls of various thicknesses make blocks of appropriate sizes,

moreover, three types of triangles are used for masonry: “medium”, with a median equal to the selected wall thickness, “large”, two times larger than average, and “small” two times smaller than average.

The shape of the supporting surface allows you to stack the blocks without fitting by folding them like cubes in a children's designer. This allows for very quick and easy assembly of any industrial and residential premises.

To increase the strength of the masonry, the blocks are fastened together with a mortar, and in addition, at least one through hole can be made in each block through which a reinforcing rod, for example, metal, is passed.

For greater strength of the masonry, a hole is made in the middle part of each block, which ensures uniform distribution of loads over the entire volume of the block from the reinforcing rods in the event of lateral forces on the wall.

Fixing the horizontal relative position of the blocks is achieved due to the shape of the blocks and can also be accomplished by performing protrusions on the blocks on one side of the block and depressions on the other side, placed along one axis along the thickness of the block. Through holes in the blocks can be made not only for reinforcing fittings, but also to facilitate the blocks.

The drawing shows a block where in Fig.1 shows a side view, and in Fig.2 a top view. The block has two supporting surfaces 1 parallel to each other, laterally bounded by planes 2 perpendicular to the supporting surfaces. At least one protrusion 4 can be made on the supporting surface, and on the opposite cavity 5 on the same axis as the protrusion. A through hole 6 is made in the center of the protrusion. Additionally, holes can be made over the entire area of the support

surfaces. Holes 6 on all blocks carry one conductor, which allows you to easily install reinforcing fittings. When installing the blocks in the masonry, the protrusions 4 go into the depressions 5, which ensures the solidity of the masonry after installation in the holes 6 of the reinforcement.

Blocks can be made of any material used in construction, including with lightweight filler to facilitate and simplify construction work. The sizes of blocks are taken depending on the sizes of construction objects and the equipment used.

Figure 3 shows a possible way of laying blocks during the construction of walls, for example, in each layer, the right angles of adjacent blocks are placed in opposite directions - outside and inside the room, in this way all the walls are laid out. If all the blocks with protrusions and depressions then get a monolithic wall. Such masonry can be used in seismically hazardous areas. If the holes for the rods are made larger than the rods and the gap is filled with a high-strength solution, the wall becomes a monolith capable of withstanding large seismic loads.

A significant advantage of triangular-shaped blocks is the simplicity of masonry walls, therefore, specially trained workers are not required.

The use of triangular-shaped blocks will greatly simplify and reduce the cost of the construction of any buildings both in cities and in villages. For low buildings, the use of fastening solutions is practically not required to increase the strength of the masonry.

Claims (4)

1. The building block with two flat mutually parallel supporting surfaces and perpendicular to their lateral surfaces, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability of fastening in the masonry and accelerate construction work, the supporting surfaces are made in the form of a rectangular isosceles triangle. 2. The block according to claim 1. characterized in that at least one through hole is made on one abutment surface. 3. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that on one supporting surface there is a protrusion opposite the depression on the second surface. 4. The block according to claim 2, characterized in that the hole is made in the center of the protrusion.