RU56993U1 - EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL CHARGED (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the production of explosive charges for blasting in quarries and blasting for special purposes. The essence of the utility model: the charge contains two bulk explosives located in a polymer sleeve in layers, as an intermediate detonator use a layer with a height of at least one charge diameter from the explosive, sensitive to the pulse of the primary means of initiation and capable of exciting the detonation of the explosive of another layer, while the diameters of the layers are equal, the diameter of the charge is greater than the critical diameter of the detonation of explosives, and the detonation impedance of the explosive mixture of the intermediate detonate pa impedance greater detonation of the explosive charge. Option 2 - the charge contains an intermediate detonator, made in the form of a cartridge of granular explosive, sensitive to the pulse of the primary means of initiation and capable of exciting the detonation of the explosive charge, the diameter and height of the cartridge of the intermediate detonator are selected from the condition of ensuring the ratio:

where: N _CR - the height of the explosive layer, mm;

N _p - cartridge height, mm;

D _p D _z - the diameters of the cartridge and charge, respectively, m,

the diameter of the charge is greater than the critical diameter of the detonation of explosives, the diameter of the cartridge is greater than the critical diameter of the detonation of its explosive, and the detonation impedance of the explosive of the intermediate detonator is greater than the detonation impedance of the explosive charge.

Description

The utility model relates to the production of explosive charges for blasting in quarries and blasting for special purposes.

At present, blasting with the use of pre-fabricated cartridge charges of explosives in a polymer shell (polymer sleeve) is becoming increasingly important. Cartridge charges can be made from various explosives by alternating them in layers.

Known methods for loading wells and blasting with combined charges made by layer-by-layer alternation of industrial explosives of different compositions (1-7). Their disadvantages are relatively low working capacity, if ammonium nitrate is used as one of the explosives.

The closest technical solution to the claimed utility model (prototype) is a combined charge in the form of alternating elements from explosives with different detonation velocities, while the mass of the element of low-speed explosive does not exceed 3500-4000 minimum masses of high-speed explosive, and the ratio of the heights of the elements is from low-speed (h _n ) and high-speed (h _c ) explosives is in the range 20 <(h _n / h _c ) <50 with a difference between the transverse dimensions of the elements of explosives n e more than 15% (8). The disadvantage of this charge is the high consumption of high-speed explosives.

The technical task of creating a utility model was to increase the efficiency of blasting by optimizing the ratio of explosives in charge, reducing cost, and reducing the toxicity of explosion products.

The technical problem was solved by the development of a cartridge charge of an explosive in a polymer sleeve, including an explosive, an intermediate detonator and a primary means of initiation, in which

- option 1 - the cartridge charge contains two bulk explosives located in the polymer sleeve in layers, as an intermediate detonator, a layer with a height of at least one charge diameter from the explosive is used, which is sensitive to the pulse of the primary means of initiation and capable of exciting the detonation of the second explosive layer, when this is the diameters of the layers of explosive

substances are equal, the diameter of the charge is greater than the critical diameter of the detonation of explosives, and the detonation impedance of the explosive of the intermediate detonator is greater than the detonation impedance of the explosive charge;

- option 2 - the cartridge charge contains an intermediate detonator made in the form of a cartridge made of free-flowing explosive material, sensitive to the pulse of the primary means of initiation and capable of exciting detonation of the explosive charge substance, the diameter and height of the cartridge of the intermediate detonator being selected from the condition for ensuring the ratio:

H _CR = H _p D _p ² / D _s ² ≤2D _s ,

Where:

N _CR - the reduced height of the explosive layer of the intermediate detonator, m;

N _p - cartridge height, m;

D _p D _z - the diameters of the cartridge and charge, respectively, m,

the diameter of the cartridge charge is greater than the critical diameter of the detonation of explosives, the diameter of the cartridge of the intermediate detonator is larger than the critical diameter of the detonation of its explosive, and the detonation impedance of the explosive of the intermediate detonator is greater than the detonation impedance of the explosive charge.

The need to develop two options for the explosive charges of ammunition is caused by the variety of blasting conditions and primary means of initiation.

The proposed utility model of the cartridge charge is illustrated in figures 1, 2.

Figure 1 - cartridge charge of explosive option 1.

Figure 2 - cartridge charge of explosive option 2.

Designations for figures 1, 2:

1 - polymer sleeve;

2 - explosive charge;

3 - explosive intermediate detonator;

4 - electric detonator;

5 - “forelock”;

6 - means of sealing the end of the polymer sleeve;

7 - cartridge intermediate detonator;

8 - shell cartridge intermediate detonator;

9 - detonating cord;

H _with - the height of the explosive layer of the intermediate detonator;

D _s - diameter of the charge;

N _p , D _p - the height and diameter of the cartridge of the intermediate detonator.

When conducting blasting operations for special purposes, there is a need to install and fix the cartridge charge in the detonated object using a polymer sleeve. In this case, the cartridge charge is made with a polymer sleeve length exceeding the charge length by an amount greater than the diameter of the polymer sleeve. The cartridge charge is fixed in an explosive object at the free end of the polymer sleeve.

The cartridge charge of option 1 (Fig. 1) consists of two layers of explosives: a layer of a low sensitivity explosive 2 and a layer of explosive 3 with a height of at least one charge diameter that is sensitive to the pulse of the primary means of initiation and capable of exciting the detonation of a low sensitivity explosive charge, the primary means initiation 4 is installed inside the explosive layer of the intermediate detonator. Explosives are placed in a polymer sleeve 1, the ends of which are collected in a “forelock” 5 and clipped with a metal clip 6 or sealed in another way. The diameters of the layers of both explosives are the same, and the diameter of the charge is larger than the critical diameter of the detonation of explosives.

The cartridge charge of option 2 (FIG. 2) contains an explosive 3, sensitive to the impulse of the primary means of initiation and capable of exciting the detonation of a low-sensitivity explosive charge, in the form of a cartridge 7 in a polymer shell 8 with a detonating cord 9 placed in the explosive 2.

The principle of operation of the cartridge charge: after the primary means of initiation is triggered, a detonation is excited from its pulse in an intermediate detonator made in the form of a layer or cartridge of an explosive substance, the detonation impedance of which is higher than the detonation impedance of the explosive charge. An explosive substance of a cartridge charge is initiated by an intermediate detonator from a bulk explosive. Intermediate detonators in the form of a layer of explosive with a diameter equal to the diameter of the charge, or a cartridge, the sizes of which are selected from the ratio H _pr ≤2D _s , which contact when initiating a charge over its entire cross section, ensure reliable initiation of the explosive of the cartridge charge and the completeness of its detonation.

The advantage of the claimed cartridge charge is the absence of expensive TNT-containing detonator blocks of the T-400G type. Charging wells with cartridge charges reduces the emission of toxic gases during blasting operations.

An example of the implementation of the cartridge charge in accordance with the proposed utility model: the charge is made in a polymer sleeve with a diameter of 0.12 m of two explosives: the lower layer is 1 m high of explosives with a density of 800 kg / m ³ , the detonation speed is 2800 m / s, critical with a detonation diameter of 80-90 mm, a detonation impedance of 2240000 kg / m ² s; the upper layer is 0.15 m high of explosive with a density of 770 kg / m ³ , detonation speed 3900 m / s, critical detonation diameter 25 mm, detonation impedance 3003000 kg / m ² s. The mass of the lower layer - 7.6 kg, the upper - 1.3 kg; charge mass - 8.9 kg.

Charging wells with the claimed cartridge charges allows blasting with combined charges (alternating layers of various explosives) without the use of TNT detonator blocks, since the explosive layer with a large detonation impedance plays the role of an intermediate detonator. The inventive cartridge charges are used for special blasting operations, for example, for the explosive disposal of worn tires.

A useful model of options 1 and 2 provides the claimed technical effect:

- improving the efficiency of blasting in mining enterprises through the formation of combined borehole charges;

- expanding the scope of special types of blasting through the use of cartridge charges, for example, for the explosive grinding of worn tires;

- reduction of toxicity through the use of cartridge charges;

- reducing the cost of explosive materials by replacing TNT-containing detonator drafts with intermediate detonators made of bulk explosives.

The proposed cartridge charges were tested during blasting in quarries of building materials when loading wells in rocks of various strengths, as well as during the explosive grinding of worn tires with positive results.

Information sources:

1 RF patent №2059965

2 RF patent №2059964

3 RF Patent No. 2043601

4 RF patent №2184928

5 RF Patent No. 2234052

6 RF patent №2235290

7 USSR Copyright Certificate No. 1514010

8 RF patent №2152586

Claims (5)

1. The cartridge charge of an explosive in a polymer sleeve, comprising an explosive, an intermediate detonator and primary means of initiation, characterized in that the charge contains two bulk explosives located in the polymer sleeve in layers, as an intermediate detonator - a layer with a height of at least one charge diameter from an explosive that is sensitive to the impulse of the primary means of initiation and capable of exciting the detonation of an explosive of another layer, while the diameters of the layers p sic, charge diameter larger than the critical detonation diameter of the explosive and detonation of the explosive mixture of intermediate impedance detonator impedance greater detonation of the explosive charge. 2. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that as an initiator it contains electric or non-electric detonators, or a detonating cord. 3. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the polymer sleeve is greater than the height of the cartridge charge. 4. The cartridge charge of an explosive in a polymer shell, comprising an explosive, an intermediate detonator and primary means of initiation, characterized in that the intermediate detonator is made in the form of a cartridge of granular explosive that is sensitive to the pulse of the primary means of initiation and capable of exciting detonation of an explosive charge, the diameter and height of the cartridge of the intermediate detonator are selected from the condition for ensuring the ratio:

where N _CR - the height of the explosive layer, mm; N _p - cartridge height, mm; D _p D _z - the diameters of the cartridge and charge, respectively, m, the diameter of the charge is greater than the critical diameter of the detonation of explosives, the diameter of the cartridge is greater than the critical diameter of the detonation of its explosive, and the detonation impedance of the explosive of the intermediate detonator is greater than the detonation impedance of the explosive charge. 5. The charge according to claim 3, characterized in that as the primary means of initiation, it contains electric or non-electric detonators, or a detonating cord.