RU131476U1 - EXPLOSIVE WELL CHARGING - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Downhole explosive charge, including stopping from an inert material, the primary means of initiation and long cartridges in a polymer shell, containing the main charges of granular ammonium nitrate explosive with a density of less than 1000 kg / m, intermediate detonators of powdered ammonium nitrate explosive sensitive to the pulse of the primary means of initiation and capable of causing detonation of the explosive of the main charge, and a high-density inert material in water impermeable polymer shell, located in the lower part of the long cartridge, characterized in that the main explosive charge of the intermediate detonator is placed in the form of cartridges in individual waterproof polymer shells, a high-density inert material, is a solid monolithic ring having an outer diameter equal to the diameter of the explosive cartridge downhole charge, the inner diameter d is not less than the height N, equal to, is placed in a waterproof polymer shell, the channel of which filled with a powder explosive with a detonation velocity not less than the detonation velocity of the main explosive in the well, the main explosive charge cartridges, intermediate detonator and a solid monolithic ring having equal outer diameters are installed close to each other along the well height in the order adopted by the explosive design works; where d, d is the critical diameter of the detonation of the explosive of the main charge, a powder explosive inside the channel of a solid monolithic ring

Description

The utility model relates to the design of the borehole charge and can be used in the mining industry for breaking waterlogged rocks.

Ammonium nitrate explosives are the cheapest sources of explosive energy due to the availability and relatively low cost of raw materials. They have a wide range of detonation and energy characteristics, have low sensitivity to mechanical stress and can be manufactured at blasting sites.

The main disadvantage of ammonium nitrate explosives is their low water resistance. One of the possible ways to solve the problem of loading flooded wells with non-water-resistant explosives in open pit mining is to waterproof the explosive charges with various waterproof shells. Ammonium nitrate explosives have a density of less than 1000 kg / m ³ (less than the density of water), so the cartridges of them have low water permeability when immersed in a flooded well. The development of rational designs of borehole charges that could be used when loading flooded wells is a very urgent task in the field of explosive destruction of flooded rocks.

Well charges consisting of

- from granular waterproof explosives with a density of more than 1000 kg / m ³ (granulotol, alumotol, etc.) in the lower flooded part of the well and non-waterproof ammonium nitrate explosives with a density of less than 1000 kg / m ³ in the upper dry part of the well;

- of granular waterproof explosives loaded to or below a column of water, an air gap or a layer of inert low-density bulk material with low permeability, mounted on a layer of explosive or a mirror of displaced water, and a placer non-waterproof ammonia-nitrate explosive in the upper dry part wells;

- from cartridges of ammonium nitrate explosives having a density of less than 1000 kg / m ³ in a two-layer polymer shell, consisting of an inner shell of a waterproof polymer material with a diameter greater than the diameter of the well and an outer shell of a permeable material with a diameter of 0.7-0.8 well diameter;

- from cartridges in a polymer waterproof shell containing layers of ammonium nitrate explosive and a high-density loose inert filler having an average density of more than 1000 kg / m ³ (1-8).

The main disadvantage of these charges is the high consumption of expensive waterproof explosives due to the need to fill the flooded part of the well with them to completely combine the water level and the explosive, and / or the complexity of the formation of the borehole charge column, and / or increased consumption of primary initiation means.

The closest known technical solutions to the claimed utility model is a borehole explosive charge, including jamming from an inert material, primary means of initiation and long cartridges in a waterproof polymer shell, consisting of the main charges of granular ammonium nitrate explosive with a density of less than 1000 kg / m ^3, intermediate detonators, which is sensitive to explosive primary initiating pulse means and capable of causing a detonation vzryvcha th main charge substance, and an inert filler in high density, waterproof plastic sheath is located in the lower part of the elongated holder (9) adopted by the authors as the prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype borehole charge is the high complexity of forming a long explosive cartridge consisting of several layers of different explosives, lowering long cartridges into a waterlogged well, and the complexity and laboriousness of installing an downhole explosive line.

The technical task of creating a utility model was to increase the efficiency of drilling and blasting operations by reducing the complexity of the formation of a borehole charge, increasing the efficiency of an explosion and ensuring the reliability of a borehole charge, reducing the expense of initiation means, expanding the use of ammonium nitrate explosives.

; высоту H, равную

The technical problem was solved by the development of a borehole explosive charge, including jamming from an inert material, the primary means of initiation and long cartridges in a polymer shell containing the main charges of granular ammonium nitrate explosive with a density of less than 1000 kg / m3, intermediate detonators of powdered ammonia nitrate explosive sensitive to the pulse of the primary means of initiation and capable of causing detonation of the main explosive poison, and a high-density inert material in a waterproof polymer shell, located at the bottom of a long cartridge, in which the main explosive explosive, an intermediate detonator are placed in the form of cartridges in individual waterproof polymer shells, a high-density inert material, which is a solid monolithic ring having an outer diameter equal to the diameter of the borehole explosive cartridge, internal diameter d not less than

; height H equal to

placed in a waterproof polymer shell, the channel of which is filled with a powder explosive with a detonation speed not less than the detonation velocity of the main explosive in the well, the main explosive charge cartridges, an intermediate detonator, and a solid monolithic ring having equal outer diameters are installed close to each other on well height in the order adopted by the blasting project;

Where:

- d _КР.ВВ , d _КР - critical diameter of detonation of an explosive substance of a main charge and a powder explosive inside a channel of a solid monolithic ring and an intermediate detonator, respectively, m;

- D _BB , D - detonation velocity in the critical diameter of the explosive of the main charge, powder explosive inside the channel of a solid monolithic ring and an intermediate detonator, respectively, m / s;

- d _BB - the outer diameter of the cartridges of the main charge, the intermediate detonator, a solid monolithic ring in waterproof polymer shells, m

- d is the inner diameter of the solid monolithic ring, m;

- L, N is the length of the borehole charge and the height of the solid monolithic ring of high-density material, respectively, m;

- ρ _CP , ρ _BB , ρ _D , ρ _IN - the average density of the borehole charge, the density of the explosive of the main charge, the density of the explosive of the intermediate detonator and in the channel of the solid monolithic ring, the density of the high-density material of the solid monolithic ring, respectively, kg / m3;

- n is the number of solid monolithic rings in the borehole charge, pcs.

The height of the cartridge of the intermediate detonator in the polymer shell is taken not less than the critical diameter of the detonation of the explosive.

,The number of cartridges t of the main charge is:

,

Where

- k - the number of cartridges of the intermediate detonator, pcs .;

- H _D - the height of the cartridge intermediate detonator, m;

- H _P - the height of the cartridge of the main explosive, m

As the explosive of the main charge, granular explosives based on ammonium nitrate with different densities and detonation velocities are used, detonating from the explosive pulse of the intermediate detonator.

An intermediate detonator is made of granular powder explosive based on crushed porous ammonium nitrate, which is sensitive to the pulse of the primary means of initiation.

The channel of the solid monolithic ring is filled with a powder explosive.

As the primary means of initiation, a detonating cord or non-electric detonators of instant or delayed action with a shock wave tube are used.

As the material of the polymer shell, single- or multi-layer polyamide or polyethylene or polypropylene sleeves are used, both ends of which can be assembled into a “forelock” and clipped, or one of the ends of the sleeve can be welded, and the second — assembled into a “forelock” and clipped . When using two polymer shells, both ends of the outer sleeve can be welded.

Strong monolithic rings can be made of concrete, sand-cement or asbestos-cement mixtures or metal.

A distinctive feature of the inventive borehole explosive charge is:

- the borehole charge column contains cartridges in a waterproof polymer shell with a strong monolithic ring, the channel of which is filled with explosive;

- the column of the borehole charge is formed of cartridges of the main charge, an intermediate detonator and cartridges with a solid monolithic ring in individual polymer shells having the same outer diameters, closely mounted to each other along the height of the well.

The technical effect can only be achieved by combining all the features of a utility model.

The proposed utility model of the borehole explosive charge is illustrated in FIG. 1, which represents the arrangement of cartridges in the well.

Designations:

1 - well

2 - stemming from an inert material,

3 - polymer shell cartridges,

4 - cartridge of the main explosive charge,

5 - cartridge intermediate detonator,

6 - cartridge with a solid monolithic ring,

7 - strong monolithic ring,

8 - channel solid monolithic ring,

9 - explosive substance of the main charge,

10 - explosive intermediate detonator;

11 - explosive channel strong monolithic ring;

12 - water

13 - means of initiation,

L, N _P , N, N _D - the height of the borehole charge of an explosive, a cartridge of the main charge of an explosive, a cartridge of a solid monolithic ring, an intermediate detonator cartridge, m;

d _BB is the outer diameter of the cartridge of a solid monolithic ring, the cartridge of the main explosive charge, the cartridge of the intermediate detonator, m,

d is the inner diameter of the solid monolithic ring.

The borehole explosive charge consists of cartridges 4 of the main charge in the polymer shell 3, cartridges 5 of the intermediate detonator in the polymer shell 3 of ammonium nitrate explosive 9, 10 with a density of less than 1000 kg / m ³ and cartridges 6 with a solid monolithic ring 7 of high-density inert material in the polymer shell 3, the channel 8 of which is filled with explosive 11. Explosives 10, 11 of the intermediate detonator 5 and cartridge 6 with a solid monolithic ring 7 is sensitive to the pulse of the primary means of initiation Bani (detonating cord, non-electric detonator) and able to initiate the detonation of the explosive charge 9 of the base 4. Chucks 4, 5, 6 constituting an explosive charge downhole, have identical outer diameters d _BB tightly installed in height each other borehole 1. The downhole has an average charge density greater than 1000 kg / m ^3, and the channel filled with pulverulent explosive charge provides continuity of downhole speakers helps ensure reliable transmission of the detonation from the cartridge to Patro y. The cartridges of the main explosive charge have the same height N _P. Cartridges of an intermediate detonator are taken with a height N _{D of} at least the critical diameter of the detonation of the explosive charge. The number of cartridges of the main charge is determined by the calculation according to the above formula. The number of cartridges of the intermediate detonator, cartridges with a solid monolithic ring and the arrangement of cartridges in the well is taken in accordance with the design of the explosion. The use of cartridges in individual polymer shells simplifies the loading of flooded wells. The equality of the outer diameters of all the cartridges provides a snug fit between the ends of the cartridges to each other, filling the channel of a solid monolithic ring with explosive ensures continuity of the detonation wave, which prevents the decay of the detonation of the borehole charge.

Cartridges for the formation of a borehole charge can be manufactured both at blasting sites at mining enterprises having industrial explosive production points, and in the conditions of specialized explosive manufacturing plants.

The process of loading wells and the formation of a column of borehole charge.

Cartridges in accordance with the blasting project at the quarry are sequentially lowered into the well. The cartridges are moved in the well through a column of water under the action of its mass, the mass of overlying cartridges and the mass of the cartridge with a solid monolithic ring with a density of more than 1000 kg / m ³ . A cartridge with a solid monolithic ring prevents the emergence of explosive cartridges during the loading of wells and their presence in the well before the explosion. In the process of loading the wells, in a known manner, initiating means 12 are mounted on the cartridge of the intermediate detonator 5. The upper uncharged part of the well is clogged with an inert material 2.

The principle of the borehole charge.

After the primary means of initiation is triggered, detonation of the intermediate detonator is excited from its pulse. The explosive of the intermediate detonator causes the detonation of the explosive of the main charge and the channel of the solid monolithic ring. The channel of a solid monolithic ring leads to an artificial narrowing of the passage of the detonation wave and the explosion products formed during the detonation of the explosive of the main charge. An explosive substance of a durable monolithic ring detonates with an increased detonation speed and helps to excite and maintain the detonation of the main charge, with a higher speed. The chemical transformation of an explosive is completed in a shorter period of time and is more complete, which increases the efficiency and power of the explosion. Downhole charges formed by the alternation of cartridges of explosives, which differ in detonation speed and density, make it possible to differentially distribute the energy of the explosion along the height of the destroyed ledge, which makes it possible to control the stress field in the massif, the crushing and moving rocks. The proposed borehole charge operates in a pulsating mode, creating multiple impulses of mechanical stresses in the surrounding rock, thereby increasing the efficiency of crushing of the blasted rock.

The completeness of detonation of the borehole charge does not depend on the number of cartridges (the number of joints between the cartridges), since the charge column does not have a gap of explosive along its height, all cartridges on the entire surface of the ends are in close contact with each other. When a detonation wave passes through a narrowing channel of a strong monolithic ring, the flow of detonation products is reflected from its walls and its bases and the walls of the well and is concentrated in the direction of detonation. The detonation velocity of the explosive of the cartridge and the charge as a whole increases, stabilizes and is maintained at the same level. In this case, the local pressure increases, the outflow of detonation products from the well is delayed, which leads to an increase in the useful effect of the explosion of the borehole charge.

At the same time, due to counter-directed shock waves, the water instantly compresses the water of the annular water gap surrounding the patronized borehole charge, with an increase in its density and temperature. Water turns into a vaporous state. Combined gas due to the high partial pressure, the effect of wedging penetrates into the cracks of the rock mass and thereby more intensive crushing of the rock is achieved.

The loss of mass and energy of the explosive due to the installation of an inert high-density ring is compensated by an increase in the rate of detonation of the charge and its maintenance at a higher level in the direction of detonation, an increase in pressure and time of depressurization of the well.

An example of the use of the proposed downhole charge.

м. Среднюю плотность скважинного заряда принимаем равной ρ_СР=1050 кг/м³. Высота Н прочного монолитного кольца (патрона с прочным монолитным кольцом) равна:A downhole charge with a height of L = 10 m and a diameter of d _BB = 0.2 m is made of cartridges with a height of H _P = 0.64 m of ammonium nitrate explosive with a density ρ _BB = 920 kg / m ³ and a critical diameter of detonation of explosive d _KR.VV = 0.06 m, detonation velocity D _BB = 2200 m / s. The critical detonation diameter of ammonium nitrate powder explosive in the channel of a solid monolithic ring is d _cr = 0.02 m, and the detonation velocity is D = 2000 m / s. The density of the explosive intermediate detonator and channel solid monolithic ring ρ _D = 850 kg / m ³ . The downhole charge is formed from two cartridges of an intermediate detonator, three cartridges with a ring of concrete mixture with a density ρ _IN. = 1800 kg / m ³ with an outer diameter d _BB = 0.2 m (diameter of the cartridge), with an inner diameter d equal to not less than

m. The average density of the borehole charge is taken equal to ρ _CP = 1050 kg / m ³ . The height H of a solid monolithic ring (cartridge with a strong monolithic ring) is equal to:

м. Количество патронов m основного заряда:

.

m. Amount of cartridges m of the main charge:

.

In accordance with the explosion design, the borehole charge column is formed from the above-mentioned cartridges in individual polymer shells in the following sequence (from the bottom of the borehole): two cartridges of the main charge - a cartridge with a solid monolithic ring, the channel of which is filled with explosive, in a waterproof polymer shell - two cartridges of the main charge - intermediate detonator cartridge - two main charge cartridges - cartridge with a solid monolithic ring, the channel of which is filled with explosive, in a waterproof minutes polymeric shell - two cartridge main charge - chuck intermediate detonator - two cartridge main charge - a cartridge with a solid monolithic ring channel which is filled with an explosive material in a waterproof polymeric shell - two cartridge main charge - tamping of an inert particulate material. The primary means of initiation is placed in the form of two to four turns of the detonating cord on the cartridge of the intermediate detonator.

The claimed technical result - improving the efficiency of blasting - is provided by the design of the borehole charge:

- the reliability of the transmission of the detonation pulse between the cartridges, the completeness of detonation of the borehole charge is ensured by the close contact of the ends of the cartridges when the diameters of the cartridges of the main charge, the intermediate detonator, the cartridge with a solid monolithic ring with explosive in its channel are equal; the concentration of the detonation wave and detonation products in the direction of detonation;

- increase the efficiency of the explosion due to the pulsating detonation of explosives of the main charge, the intermediate detonator and the channel of a solid monolithic ring, the interaction of the stress waves arising from the explosion of explosives that make up the borehole charge column;

- reducing the cost of blasting by reducing the complexity of manufacturing cartridges, reducing the time of loading wells with cartridges in individual polymer shells of shorter lengths, using polymer sleeves of the same diameter for the manufacture of cartridges for the main charge, an intermediate detonator, and a solid monolithic ring;

- expansion of the range and scope of non-waterproof ammonia-nitrate explosives.

A production test of the inventive borehole explosive charge showed its failure-free and reliable operation when crushing rocks in dry, pre-drained, partially and completely flooded wells with a diameter of 0.12-0.25 m and a depth of 20 m.

Drilling and blasting operations with the proposed borehole charges made it possible to increase the uniformity of rock crushing by mainly reducing the oversized (lumpy) fraction yield, to improve the working out of the bottom of the ledge, which allowed to increase the productivity of handling, crushing and screening equipment and reduce the cost of drilling and blasting operations.

During the explosions of failures and abnormal operation of the proposed borehole charge is not fixed.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2260770,

2. RF patent No. 2205168,

3. RF patent No. 2310158

4. RF patent No. 2314486

5. Utility Model No. 102782

6. RF patent No. 2224975

7. RF patent №2333460

8. Utility Model No. 116996

9. Utility Model No. 80549

Claims (2)

1. Downhole explosive charge, including stopping from an inert material, the primary means of initiation and long cartridges in a polymer shell, containing the main charges of granular ammonium nitrate explosive with a density of less than 1000 kg / m ³ , intermediate detonators of powdered ammonium nitrate explosive substances sensitive to the momentum of the primary means of initiation and capable of causing detonation of the explosive of the main charge, and a high-density inert material in water an impermeable polymer shell located in the lower part of the long cartridge, characterized in that the explosive of the main charge of the intermediate detonator is placed in the form of cartridges in individual waterproof polymer shells, a high-density inert material, is a solid monolithic ring having an outer diameter equal to the diameter of the cartridge of explosives borehole charge, internal diameter d not less than

height H equal to

, placed in a waterproof polymer shell, the channel of which is filled with a powder explosive with a detonation speed not less than the detonation velocity of the main explosive in the well, the main explosive charge cartridges, an intermediate detonator, and a solid monolithic ring having equal outer diameters are installed close to each other on well height in the order adopted by the blasting project; where d _КР.ВВ , d _КР - critical diameter of detonation of the explosive of the main charge, powder explosive inside the channel of a solid monolithic ring, respectively, m; D _BB , D - detonation velocity in the critical diameter of the explosive of the main charge and the powder explosive inside the channel of a solid monolithic ring and an intermediate detonator, respectively, m / s; d _BB - the outer diameter of the cartridge with a solid monolithic ring, the cartridge of the main explosive charge, the cartridge of the intermediate detonator, m; d is the inner diameter of the solid monolithic ring, m; L, H - the length of the borehole charge, the height of the solid monolithic ring of high-density material, respectively, m; ρ _CP , ρ _BB , ρ _D , ρ _IN - the average density of the borehole charge, the density of the explosive of the main charge, the density of the explosive of the intermediate detonator and in the channel of the solid monolithic ring, the density of the high-density material of the durable monolithic ring, respectively, kg / m ³ ; n is the number of cartridges with a solid monolithic ring in the borehole charge, pcs. 2. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of cartridges m of the main charge is taken equal

where k is the number of cartridges of the intermediate detonator, pcs .; N _P - the height of the cartridge of the main explosive, m; N _D - the height of the cartridge intermediate detonator, m

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