RU132178U1 - EXPLOSIVE WELL CHARGING WITH GAS-DYNAMIC DETONATION STABILIZER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A downhole explosive charge with a gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer, including an explosive, an explosive, an inert material clogging device and a device in the form of a hollow biconical container made of plastic mass, characterized in that it contains a gas-dynamic explosive charge detonation stabilizer from material with acoustic rigidity exceeding the detonation impedance of an explosive, consisting of two hollow truncated cones having a height ratio, combined with each other with smaller bases, with a diameter of not less than the critical diameter of the detonation of the explosive charge, narrowing the well section by an amount equal to, the diameters of the upper and lower bases of the combined truncated cones are the same and equal to the diameter of the explosive charge; gas-dynamic detonation stabilizers are installed along the height of the well close to its walls in the explosive, which simultaneously fills the internal volume of the truncated cones; a truncated cone of greater height is directed towards the propagation front of the detonation wave along the explosive charge, where HH is the height of the truncated cones, m, H is the narrowing of the well in the plane of alignment of the bases of the truncated cones, m.2. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that it is allowed to place the gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer in a thin-walled shell with a diameter equal to the diameter of the borehole charge. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer in the flooded well is installed in a waterproof polymer sleeve.

Description

The utility model relates to mining and can be used when loading dry and flooded wells with explosives.

The effectiveness of the use of any explosive is determined by the completeness of the detonation process, while it is important to ensure not only the completeness of the explosive decomposition reaction, but also a stable undamped character of the detonation velocity along the entire length of explosive charges.

The effectiveness of the explosion can be increased in two ways:

- the first is to create conditions that ensure that the detonation of the entire charge is close to instantaneous;

- the second - at some point in time to prevent the discrete outflow of detonation products and restore the propagation velocity of the detonation wave in the event of its attenuation to its original value.

The first way is realized by using multipoint or linear initiation of explosive charges (1-3).

The second way is realized by increasing the time until the well is depressurized by using dispersed charges of various designs (4--9), using inert stiffeners of increased strength, which allow locking the explosion products in the charging cavity of the wells until the array is completely destroyed (10-14). High-strength jammers delay the outflow of detonation products from the well, but do not provide a constant detonation velocity of the explosive along the entire charge.

Explosive is known to detonate at supersonic speeds. Supersonic speeds can be kept constant when installing devices along the gas stream such as a Laval nozzle, which is a channel, the cross section of which first decreases and then increases. The supersonic gas flow in a narrowing channel slows down, while in an expanding one it accelerates.

A well-known explosive charge, including an explosive, an explosive and a device for dispersing the charge (well shutter) in the form of a hollow biconical container made of plastic mass filled with crushed stone of a fraction of 10-20 mm (15), adopted by the authors as a prototype. The named device is used to form air gaps, it is filled with crushed stone, increases the time spent by the explosion products in the well, but does not affect the detonation speed.

The technical task of creating a utility model was to increase the efficiency of drilling and blasting operations by increasing the explosion efficiency by stabilizing the detonation velocity over the entire charge while delaying the outflow of detonation products from the well.

, совмещенных между собой меньшими основаниями, диаметром не менее критического диаметра детонации заряда взрывчатого вещества, сужающих сечение скважины на величину, равную

, диаметры верхнего и нижнего оснований совмещенных усеченных конусов одинаковы и равны диаметру заряда взрывчатого вещества; газодинамические стабилизаторы детонации установлены по высоте скважины вплотную к ее стенкам во взрывчатом веществе, которое одновременно заполняет внутренний объем усеченных конусов; усеченный конус большей высоты направлен навстречу фронта распространения детонационной волны;The technical problem was solved by developing a borehole explosive charge with a gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer, including an explosive, an explosive, an inert material clogging device, and a device in the form of a hollow biconical container made of plastic material, which as a device contains a gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer made of a material with acoustic rigidity exceeding the detonation impedance of an explosive consisting of two hollow truncated cones having a height ratio

combined with each other with smaller bases, with a diameter of not less than the critical diameter of the detonation of the explosive charge, narrowing the well section by an amount equal to

, the diameters of the upper and lower bases of the combined truncated cones are the same and equal to the diameter of the explosive charge; gas-dynamic detonation stabilizers are installed along the height of the well close to its walls in the explosive, which simultaneously fills the internal volume of the truncated cones; a truncated cone of greater height is directed toward the propagation front of the detonation wave;

where: - H ₁ , H ₂ - the height of the truncated cones, m,

- H _K - the value of the narrowing of the well in the plane of alignment of the bases of the truncated cones, m

When conducting blasting operations in flooded wells during the formation of an explosive charge in waterproof polymer hoses, the gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer (hereinafter referred to as the gas-dynamic stabilizer, stabilizer) is also located in the polymer sleeve.

Several stabilizers can be installed in the well.

In wells with a diameter greater than the height of the stabilizer, the latter is placed in a thin-walled cylindrical shell with a diameter equal to the diameter of the borehole charge before feeding it into the well.

Schemes of a gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer and a borehole explosive charge with a gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer are shown in figures 1, 2 (in section):

Figure 1 - diagram of a gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer.

Figure 2 is a diagram of the borehole charge of an explosive with a gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer.

Downhole explosive charge (figure 2) consists of explosive 8, placed depending on the water content of the wells directly in the well 9 or in a waterproof polymer sleeve installed in the well. In the explosive 8 at the height of the charge are gas-dynamic detonation stabilizers 10.

. Усеченные конусы, изготовленные из высоко прочных материалов, например, литьевых сплавов металла, имеют высокую прочность боковых стенок, поэтому выемка 7 между боковыми стенками усеченных конусов и стенками скважины заполнена воздухом (фиг.2). При совмещении полых усеченных конусов из низко прочных материалов, выемка может быть заполнена прочным материалом 6 (фиг.1), например песчаноцементными, асбоцементными, или бетонными смесями с получением монолитной конструкции стабилизатора в процессе его изготовления.The gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer (Fig. 1) is a structure made of a material of high acoustic rigidity, consisting of two hollow truncated cones 2, 4 of different heights (H ₁ , H ₂ ), combined with each other with smaller bases 3, with a diameter d _{K of} at least a critical diameter detonation of explosive charge. The diameters of the upper and lower bases 1, 5 of the combined truncated cones 2, 4 are the same and equal to the diameter of the explosive charge d _BB (well diameter). Gas-dynamic detonation stabilizers 10 are installed in the explosive 8 along the charge height close to the borehole walls. Explosive 8 fills the internal volume of the truncated cones 2, 4, resulting in the formation of a continuous column of explosive charge of variable cross section. A truncated cone 2 of greater height (H ₁ ) is directed towards the propagation front of the detonation of explosives, i.e. blasting means 11 is located above a truncated cone of greater height (reverse taper). When the ratio of the heights of the truncated cones is 3, the generators of the truncated cones are at right angles to each other (α = 90 °). When combining the truncated cones with smaller bases, a recess 7 is formed, the well is narrowed by an amount equal to

. Truncated cones made of highly durable materials, for example, cast metal alloys, have high strength side walls, therefore, the recess 7 between the side walls of the truncated cones and the walls of the well is filled with air (figure 2). When combining hollow truncated cones of low-strength materials, the recess can be filled with durable material 6 (Fig. 1), for example, sand-cement, asbestos-cement, or concrete mixtures to obtain a monolithic stabilizer structure during its manufacture.

The number of gas-dynamic detonation stabilizers, their height, the distance between them are determined experimentally, based on the estimated place of detonation decay. In wells whose diameter significantly exceeds the height of the stabilizer, to prevent jamming, skew or improper placement in the well, the stabilizer is preliminarily placed in a thin-walled shell 12, the length of which exceeds the diameter of the well, and is lowered into the well in it.

A distinctive feature of the inventive borehole explosive charge is:

- design of a gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer;

- a continuous column of borehole explosive charge of variable cross section with a gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer.

The principle of the borehole charge.

Gas-dynamic stabilizers are located in the explosive at the accepted distance between them in places of possible attenuation of the detonation velocity. The explosive is located above the gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer, placed by the reverse taper (a truncated cone of greater height) towards the flow of detonation products.

After the detonator is triggered, detonation of the portion of the explosive located above the stabilizer is excited. The resulting detonation wave and the flow of explosion products enter the narrowing channel of the stabilizer. With the passage of the detonation wave, the flow of detonation products is reflected from the side walls of the truncated cone and is concentrated in the direction of detonation. It is known that in the narrowest section the maximum pressure and critical detonation velocity are achieved. At the exit from the narrowing channel, due to the reflection of the gas flow from the walls of the truncated cone to the axis of the stabilizer, their speed increases and the detonation speed is restored to its original maximum value, which helps to excite and maintain the detonation of the explosive section under the stabilizer. At the same time, the outflow of detonation products from the well is delayed, local pressure rises, which contributes to a more complete secondary reaction in the detonation products and, accordingly, the energy increases, the time to depressurization of the well increases, and thereby the explosion efficiency increases. The charge operates in a pulsating mode, creating multiple impulses of mechanical stresses in the surrounding rock, the efficiency of crushing of the blasted rock increases.

The loss of explosive mass and energy due to the installation of gas-dynamic detonation stabilizers from an inert material is compensated by stabilization of the detonation velocity of the explosive charge substance and its maintenance at a higher level in the detonation direction, by increasing the pressure and time of depressurization of the well.

. Диаметры верхнего и нижнего оснований совмещенных между собой меньшими основаниями усеченных конусов равны диаметру скважины d_ВВ=0,25 м. Диаметр оснований совмещаемых усеченных конусов принимается равным 0,06 м (d_К>d_КРВВ; 0,06>0,04), т.е. больше критического диаметра детонации заряда взрывчатого вещества Величина сужения скважины в месте совмещения усеченных конусов

.An example of the use of the proposed downhole charge. A downhole charge with a height of L = 10 m and a diameter of D = 0.25 m was made in a borehole with a diameter of 0.25 m of ammonium nitrate explosive Granulite RP with a critical diameter of detonation of the explosive charge in a strong shell d _КР.ВВ = 0.040 m. Experimentally it was determined that in order to ensure a stable detonation velocity in charge it is necessary to install two gas-dynamic detonation stabilizers from concrete mix with a height of truncated cones H ₁ = 0.162 m, H ₂ = 0.054 m

. The diameters of the upper and lower bases of the truncated cones combined with smaller bases are equal to the well diameter d _BB = 0.25 m. The diameter of the bases of the combined truncated cones is taken to be 0.06 m (d _K > d _KRVV ; 0.06> 0.04), those. more than the critical diameter of the detonation of the explosive charge The magnitude of the narrowing of the well in the place of coincidence of truncated cones

.

The charge column is formed in the following sequence (from the bottom of the well): explosive — gas-dynamic detonation velocity stabilizer mounted on a layer of explosive with a truncated cone of lower height — explosive — gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer installed on a layer of explosive with a truncated cone of lower height — explosive substance - an explosive (a detonating bomb with a detonating cord) - explosive - stemming from loose inert material. The hollow volume of the truncated cones is filled in the process of loading the well with explosive.

The claimed technical result is an increase in the efficiency of drilling and blasting operations by increasing the efficiency of the explosion by stabilizing the detonation velocity over the entire charge while delaying the outflow of detonation products from the well:

- increasing the efficiency of the explosion due to the pulsating detonation mode of the explosive charge substance, the interaction of stress waves, the movement of the explosion products flow along the channel with narrowing-expansion, increasing the depressurization time of the wells is achieved by using the gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer of the proposed shape, the ratio of its overall dimensions and its location;

- the completeness of detonation of the explosive charge due to the variable cross-section of the charge column, stabilization and constancy of the detonation velocity along the charge height is achieved by installing a gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer of the proposed form.

Drilling and blasting operations with the proposed explosive charges made it possible to increase the uniformity of rock crushing by mainly reducing the oversized (lumpy) fraction yield, to improve the working out of the bottom of the ledge, to increase the productivity of handling and crushing and screening equipment, and to reduce the cost of drilling and blasting operations.

A production test of the inventive borehole explosive charge showed its failure-free and reliable operation when crushing rocks in dry, pre-drained, partially and completely flooded wells with a diameter of 0.12-0.25 m and a depth of 20 m.

In the process of conducting explosions of failures and abnormal operation of the proposed explosive charge for waterlogged wells was not recorded.

Information sources:

1 Baum F.A., Stanyukovich K.P., Shekhter B.I. Explosion Physics, State Publishing House of Physics and Mathematics, M., 1959

2 RF Patent No. 2123661

3 RF Patent No. 2234052

4 RF patent №2309522

5 Mosinets V.N. The crushing and seismic effect of an explosion in rocks. Nedra, M., 1976

6 Downhole charges with air gaps. Science., Novosibirsk, 1974

7 RF Patent No. 2260770

8 RF patent №2112207

9 RF patent №2308667

10 RF patent №2329463

11 RF patent №2365872

12 RF Patent No. 2291394

13 RF Patent No. 2291390

14 RF Patent No. 2390722

15 RF Patent No. 2437056

Claims (3)

1. Downhole explosive charge with a gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer, including an explosive, an explosive, an inert material clogging device and a device in the form of a hollow biconical container made of plastic mass, characterized in that it contains a gas-dynamic explosive charge detonation stabilizer from material with acoustic stiffness exceeding the detonation impedance of an explosive consisting of two hollow truncated cones having a height ratio $$\frac{{\text{H}}_{\text{one}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}=\text{3}$$

combined with each other with smaller bases, with a diameter of not less than the critical diameter of the detonation of the explosive charge, narrowing the well section by an amount equal to $${\text{H}}_{\text{K}}=\sqrt{{\text{H}}_{\text{one}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}$$

, the diameters of the upper and lower bases of the combined truncated cones are the same and equal to the diameter of the explosive charge; gas-dynamic detonation stabilizers are installed along the height of the well close to its walls in the explosive, which simultaneously fills the internal volume of the truncated cones; a truncated cone of greater height is directed towards the propagation front of the detonation wave along the explosive charge, where H ₁ H ₂ - the height of the truncated cones, m, H _K - the magnitude of the narrowing of the well in the plane of alignment of the bases of the truncated cones, m 2. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that it is allowed to place the gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer in a thin-walled shell with a diameter equal to the diameter of the borehole charge. 3. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas-dynamic detonation stabilizer in a waterlogged well is installed in a waterproof polymer sleeve.

Images