RU54895U1 - TRAULER-DRIFTER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of shipbuilding, and more specifically to the designs of small fishing vessels of coastal-marine fishing with a slip, equipped with various fishing gear, and can be used in the design and construction of vessels of the fleet of the fishing industry.

The vessel contains a hull with a stern slip and cargo hold, propulsion and steering complex, fishing and technological equipment.

New is that fishing equipment is made in the form of a single combined fishing complex containing simultaneously equipment for trawl fishing, including pelagic and bottom trawls, and equipment for drift fishing, including drift nets, and equipment for trawl and drift types of fishing is located on the top and lower decks, respectively, with at least one bow thruster provided in the fore end of the hull, and process equipment additionally rzhit, at least, two freezers.

The utility model allows combining trawl and drifter types of fishing with a simultaneous increase in the total time spent by the vessel in the fishery, increasing its productivity in fishing, quality and assortment of final products.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of shipbuilding, and more specifically to the structures of small fishing vessels of coastal fishing, mainly of small and medium displacement (small and medium length) with a slip, equipped with various fishing gear, and can be used in the design and construction of vessels of the fishing industry fleet.

Small fishing vessels are known which, in their dimensions, and / or their general layout, and / or their purpose, are analogous to the claimed ones, for example: “Small shrimp-freezer trawler freezer type“ Omar ”pr.1336” (see “Reference vessels of typical vessels“ Fleet of the fishing industry ", Edition 3, M," Transport ", 1990, pp. 197-199).

The specified small freezer trawler has relatively limited fishing and technical capabilities with respect to the use of the feed trawl method and the optimal use of appropriate fishing and technological (refrigeration) equipment.

The closest technical solution to the claimed one, according to its purpose, dimensions, design and general layout, adopted for the closest analogue (prototype) of the utility model, is the “Small fishing trawler of the Baltika type, pr.1328” with a stern slip layout intended for fishing fish bottom and trawl depths in the navigation areas, remote from the port of refuge at a distance of not more than 100 miles (see "Reference vessels of typical vessels" Fleet of the fishing industry ", edition 3, M," Transport ", 1990, p.202- 205).

The disadvantage of the closest analogue (prototype) is that it does not fully comply with modern requirements in relation to

the universality of the use of a vessel of this class in the fishery, regardless of seasonality and fishing situation by fish species and fishing methods, as well as the low productivity of the vessel for fishing, partly due to insufficient traction characteristics, and on the other hand, the inability to store the catch for a long time, and, in addition , the disadvantage is the narrow range of products and its quality.

The proposed utility model is aimed at eliminating the shortcomings of the closest analogue - the prototype, including increasing the following its main technical, operational and economic characteristics (consumer qualities):

- achieving universality of use in the fishery, including the species composition of fish raw materials and methods of its extraction, respectively;

- increasing the vessel’s production capacity, improving the quality and improving the assortment of final products produced;

- increase the traction characteristics of the vessel in the trawl mode and improve its maneuverability;

- an increase in the capacity of the cargo hold and the usable volume of other interior spaces of the ship's hull.

At the same time, the task of creating the design of a universal highly profitable trawler-drifter was solved, the design features of which, combined with the expanded fishing and production and technological capabilities incorporated in it, depending on the situation in the field (depending on the species composition of fishing objects) can be carried out without prior refitting of the vessel , including without additional time and material costs, two different types of fishing: trawl and drift, if necessary, alternating and sharing their supply, with a simultaneous increase in the total useful time spent on the vessel directly in the fishery, an increase in its productivity in fishing, quality and assortment of final products.

This is achieved by the fact that in the proposed trawler drifter containing a hull with a stern slip and a cargo hold, a propulsion and steering complex, fishing and technological equipment, unlike the closest analogue, the prototype, the fishing equipment is made in the form of a single combined fishing complex containing at the same time equipment for trawl fishing, including pelagic and bottom trawls, and equipment for drift fishing, including drift nets, and equipment for trawl and drift species VA is located on the upper and lower decks, respectively, while in the bow tip of the hull there is at least one thruster, mainly in the form of a propeller in the transverse water channel, and the process equipment additionally contains at least two freezers, for example, horizontal-tiled and air-tiled, for freezing small and large fish, respectively.

In addition, the goal is achieved in that the aft end of the hull in its lower part is made with the geometry of the contours of increased completeness, for example, in the shape of a bulb (filled bulb), and the propulsion-steering complex is made in the form of an adjustable pitch propeller in a rotary guide nozzle, which collectively, it allows to increase the useful internal volume of the cargo hold by reducing the length of the engine room and at the same time accommodate a more powerful power plant with limited main dimensions vessel, with simultaneous improvement of its characteristics of thrust and carrying capacity.

The use of a bow thruster, for example, a “screw in a pipe” type, can significantly improve the maneuverability of the vessel, including in the conditions of drift mode of fishing.

To increase the profitability of a vessel of this type, one of the most optimal options for performing a utility model is the design,

in which the fishing equipment is made in the form of a single combined mechanized fishing complex, including appropriate equipment for trawl fishing with pelagic (multi-depth) and bottom trawls and equipment for drift fishing with drift nets.

In the conditions of mass production, the manufacture of the claimed design of a small fishing vessel is carried out using materials, equipment and technologies used in shipbuilding.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawing, which schematically shows a longitudinal section of a trawler-drifter with "functionally" designated basic elements of its design.

An example of a specific implementation of one of the optimal variants of the claimed utility model (drifter-trawler) is a project proposal (design study with the technical requirements for the vessel), a small fishing trawler-drifter-freezer variant, made on the basis of technical specifications (explanatory note No. 1800/63-00 -93 (6) -02), developed by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Giprorybflot”, in which (technical task) the technical essence of new technical solutions was first formulated, which, in turn, are the essence of the main scientific but the technical concept underlying the creation of universal fishing vessels of this class and embodied in the proposed utility model.

The small fishing trawler-drifter freezer contains a hull 1 with a stern slip (not shown in the drawing), in the middle part of which (hull) there is a cargo hold 2 refrigerated type for fish products, and in the stern, which has an increased completeness of contours, there is an engine room 3; propulsion-steering complex in the form of a 4-blade propeller of an adjustable pitch (not shown in the drawing) in a rotary guide nozzle 4 and a bow thruster 5 in the form of a “screw in the pipe”; at the same time, fishing equipment for trawl

fishing gear (not indicated in the drawing) is located on the upper 6 deck, and for drift fishing (not indicated in the drawing) - on the lower 7, for example, the main (7) deck; technological equipment (not indicated in the drawing) additionally contains horizontally-tiled and air-tiled freezers (not indicated in the drawing) located in the technological workshop on the main deck 7, as well as refrigerators (not indicated in the drawing) located in a separate room 8 of the bow of the vessel, which, in turn, allows the cargo hold 2 to perform refrigerated type.

Various fishing equipment (not shown in the drawing) can be made in the form of a single combined mechanized fishing complex for trawl and drift types of fishing (not shown in the drawing).

The use for a vessel of this class in its aft end of substantially more complete contours of the hull 1 allows to reduce the length of the engine room 3 and at the same time place a more powerful power plant in it (not indicated in the drawing), and also partially increase the capacity of the cargo hold adjacent to the engine room 2 .

The proposed design of a small fishing trawler-drifter freezer during its practical operation is used as follows.

The objects of specialized sea fishing for which the proposed vessel is intended are: sprat, herring, cod and salmon. The first three species are caught in the modes of trawl fishing with pelagic and bottom trawls, and salmon in the modes of drift fishing with drift nets. Given the specified species composition of raw materials and the corresponding fishing methods, the design of the developed vessel allows you to combine trawl fishing with drift fishing: either alternating them

alternately, or combining them - depending on the speed of changing a specific situation in the field.

Depending on the specific situation in the field, i.e. from the species composition of fishing objects, the design of the vessel allows for an adequate type of fishing: either trawl or drift, and also provides, if necessary, a quick transition from one type of fishing to another without any dismantling of the main fishing equipment.

Due to the fact that the fishing mechanisms of the trawl and drifter fishing are located on different decks 6 and 7, respectively, the transition from one type of fishing to another does not require any additional operations, which allows more efficient use of the vessel compared to existing domestic counterparts.

On the main deck 7, immediately below the fishing part of the upper deck 6, is a technological workshop (not shown in the drawing), consisting of sections for sorting, cutting, freezing and packaging. At the same time, the supply of catch for processing is rationally ensured both during trawl and drift fishing.

Taking into account the species composition of fishing facilities for which the vessel is intended, the following possible options for the production of final products are adopted with the aim of improving the quality and improving the assortment of products:

- gutted frozen salmon;

- Cod chilled unbroken;

- uncut frozen cod;

- frozen cod gutted with a head and beheaded;

- sprat and herring chilled unbroken;

- sprat and herring frozen unfinished,

for which two different freezers are used: horizontal-tiled and air-tiled - for small and large fish, respectively.

The placement of two freezers on the vessel makes it possible to equip a refrigerated cargo hold 2 of increased capacity with guaranteed long-term storage of frozen final fish products, which allows to increase the time spent on the vessel in the fishery, and therefore its productivity.

In the herring and sprat industry, the use of horizontal-tiled and air-tiled freezers and maintenance of the air temperature of minus 28 ° C in the cargo hold 2 are provided.

In the fishery for cod or salmon, the use of an air-tiled freezer and maintenance of the air temperature of minus 28 ° C in hold 2 are provided.

At the transition of the vessel, it is envisaged to maintain the air temperature in the hold 2 minus 28 ° С.

Processing of raw materials directly on the ship gives the highest quality products and ensures its fuller use. In addition, the release of finished products on board improves its economic performance due to the difference in prices for raw materials and products.

When trawl fishing in the towing mode of the trawl, due to the placement of a more powerful main power plant and the use of a propulsion-steering complex made in the form of an adjustable pitch propeller in a rotary guide nozzle 4, an increase in thrust on the vessel’s hook is achieved during drift fishing, for example, in setting or samples of drift nets, due to the installation of the bow thruster 5, achieve an improvement in the maneuverability of the vessel.

The calculation shows that the fishing and production capabilities of the proposed drift trawler exceed the level of its analogues, including with respect to the well-known drifter trawlers of the previous construction.

Claims (3)

1. A trawler drifter comprising a hull with a stern slip and a cargo hold, a steering-steering complex, fishing and technological equipment, characterized in that the fishing equipment is made in the form of a single combined fishing complex containing simultaneously trawl fishing equipment, including pelagic and bottom trawls, and equipment for drifting fishing, including drifting nets, and equipment for trawl and drifting types of fishing is located on the upper and lower decks, respectively, when at least one bow thruster is provided in the bow of the body, mainly in the form of a propeller in the transverse water duct, and the process equipment further comprises at least two freezers, for example, horizontal-tiled and air-tiled, for freezing small and large fish, respectively. 2. The trawler drifter according to claim 1, characterized in that the aft end of the hull in its lower part is made with the geometry of the contours of increased completeness, for example in the shape of a bulb. 3. The trawler drifter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the propulsion and steering complex is made in the form of an adjustable pitch propeller in a rotary guide nozzle.