RU5440U1 - DEVICE FOR MONITORING, ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE FUEL COMBUSTION PROCESS IN A BOILER - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for monitoring, analyzing and optimizing the process of burning fuel in a boiler unit, comprising a power supply unit, a power unit, an input data input unit with a keyboard, a display output unit, characterized in that in addition to this circuit, the device contains a microprocessor, for example, a single-chip operating according to a program that takes into account both the general laws of thermodynamics and the individual characteristics of a particular boiler unit, which includes the following parameters: superheated steam pressure, superheated steam temperature, flow rate steam, pressure in the boiler drum, feed water temperature, feed water consumption, electric energy consumption for own needs, fuel consumption and lower calorific value (calorific value), while the result of calculating the actual value of the boiler efficiency is displayed on the device for 10 - 15 s after entering these parameters into the microprocessor.

Description

The utility model relates to a power system, in particular, to systems for optimizing the processes of fuel combustion in thermal facilities.

The Known Method for automatic optimization of combustion processes in thermal objects and a system for its implementation, a description of the invention to USSR patent N1748661, class. F 23 N 3/00, published July 15, 1992, BI N26 (1).

The essence of this invention is as follows: the total flow rate of air supplied to the combustion chamber of a thermal object is controlled by the oxygen content in the flue gases, defined on one side of the combustion chamber. At the same time, the asymmetry of the oxygen content in the flue gases from two sides of the combustion chamber is measured and the flow rate of air supplied to the combustion chamber from two sources located on both sides of the combustion chamber is corrected to eliminate the mentioned oxygen content in the flue gases. The system has at least two oxygen meters in the flue gases located in the exhaust part of the combustion chamber.

The system for optimizing the combustion process according to the aforementioned invention (1) can be adopted as a distant analogue.

At the same time, this system (1) has a significant drawback, which consists in the complexity of regulating the flow

- 2 air in the presence of internal disturbances (unregulated air leaks into the furnace, uncontrolled changes in the calorific value of the fuel, etc.).

The proposed device for monitoring, analyzing and optimizing the process of burning fuel in a boiler unit has no analogue.

The purpose of the proposed utility model is the rapid calculation of the coefficient of efficiency (COP) of the boiler, analysis and optimization of the operation modes of various boilers using solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, while quickly and accurately bring the specific boiler to the mode with the highest possible efficiency for various loads , under any atmospheric conditions, in the presence of internal disturbances.

When using the proposed device, there is no need for mode cards.

The device shows the actual value of the efficiency of the operating boiler unit.

Efficiency is the most important characteristic of a boiler unit, which determines, along with economic, environmental parameters of fuel combustion efficiency. The efficiency of a boiler unit, as a rule, depends on nine parameters, for example, for boilers that produce superheated steam: working pressure of water, water temperature at the inlet, water temperature at the outlet, water consumption, energy consumption for own needs, fuel consumption, lower calorific value of fuel (calories); the factor of internal disturbances of the boiler unit is also superimposed on these parameters.

 2 -

The essence of the proposed utility model is as follows.

The proposed device is a microcomputer operating according to special programs that take into account both the general laws of thermodynamics and heat transfer, as well as the individual characteristics of a particular boiler (continuous blowdown line, partial selection of dry saturated steam, etc.) that produces superheated steam.

The proposed device is designed to control, analyze and optimize the operating modes of power boilers using solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, allowing the operator, after introducing into the device nine (or seven) main parameters of the working boiler unit, to perform express calculation, analysis and optimization of the boiler operating modes by means of operational changing one or another parameter in a few minutes and thereby achieve the highest efficiency of the boiler, depending on the load of the boiler and atmospheric conditions ovy,

The list of figures drawings.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the proposed device.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of the functional dependence of the efficiency of the boiler on the ratio of the fuel-air supplied to the furnace.

In Fig. 3 shows a system for optimizing the efficiency of the boiler,

The proposed device for monitoring, analyzing and optimizing the process of burning fuel in a boiler unit consists of the following blocks and nodes.

- 4 A power supply unit, for example, of four power elements, an on-off unit, an input data input unit, one Start key, ten digital information input keys from 0 to 9, is installed in a device case with overall dimensions of 166 x 73 x 13 mm, one decimal point key, a single-crystal microprocessor, a block for displaying the results on the display and the display itself.

The power supply can also be from the mains through the converter. The display is a 12-bit liquid crystal display, controls the input of data and the results.

The data input-output unit is a set of interface chips. The instrument’s circuit also includes an indicator contrast regulator, which is designed to control the voltage supplied to the liquid crystal display.

The device operates as follows.

When the device is operating from the power supply, the plug of the cord of the power supply is inserted into the socket of the device, and then the plug of the power supply into an AC outlet of 220 V.

It was said above that the device, as a rule, works from four batteries, is lightweight, convenient, portable, the operator can be located at a considerable distance from the instrument panel of the boiler, and some indications of parameters may

Record from devices not on the instrument panel.

Set the instrument power switch to the on position. 1 The message Ready to work appears on the display screen.

j y ///

- about -

indicates the readiness of the device for work. After the Ready to work message appears on the display screen, press the Start and O keys successively.

After the name of the physical quantity (the parameters of the boiler unit from X / to X) appears on the screen with a question mark, use the numeric keys to enter the numerical value of the physical quantity and press the Enter key.

After that, the next question appears on the display screen with the name of the next parameter XЈ and the procedure for introducing the next parameter is repeated as for the first parameter up to parameter Xd (or X, depending on the type of boiler).

After entering the numerical value of the last physical quantity (CD) and pressing the Enter key, the microprocessor according to the specified program for 10-15 seconds on the display screen shows the calculation of the final value of the efficiency of the boiler unit.

And finally, after pressing the Enter key, the device is again ready to calculate the next mode of operation of the boiler.

By varying the fuel-air ratio for a very short time (from 10 to 25 minutes), the operator achieves the fuel combustion mode of the highest possible efficiency for a given boiler unit (Fig. 2).

Moreover, changing the parameters from X to X $ and making express calculations of the efficiency, the operator will observe changes in the efficiency of the boiler unit.

- e boiler unit and its features (pressures, temperatures, etc.).

The proposed device can be used for almost all existing types of boiler units operating on solid, liquid and gaseous fuels:

a) for boilers generating superheated steam;

b) for boilers generating steam on the saturation line (structurally there is no superheater);

c) for hot water boilers;

d) for fire tubes, etc.

For various types of boiler units, the parameters from Hu to Hu are:

for boilers and boilers that generate dry saturated steam, the microprocessor program is designed for seven parameters;

for boilers that produce superheated steam, the microprocessor program is designed for nine parameters.

Below is an abbreviated and full name of the quantities entered and displayed on the display of the device and their dimension. For boilers.

Identification- Name displayed Full name 1Dimension on the instrument display parameter

Xf Pressure working water pressure Ata

XЈTemp. inlet water temperature at the entrance of the city. With

X s Temp. exit. water temperature at the exit.

X /, Flow water consumption kg / h

 Electroen. electricity consumption per kW

own needs

- 7 X $ Exp. topless, hu. Calorific value

Efficiency For boilers that produce steam on

Identification-i Name displayed Full name Description of parameter on the display

XzRax. couple

X Rash. water

XfElectroen.

Xg Exp. topl.

X7

Efficiency

For boilers that produce superheated steam.

Identification- Name displayed Full name Description of the parameter on the display

Pressure couple

fuel consumption

lower calorific value of fuel (calories)

coefficient of performance

Dimension

water

parakg / h consumption

feed water consumption kg / h

power consumption per kW own needs

fuel consumption kg / h

lower calorific value - Calories of fuel (calorific value)

efficiency% action

Dimension

pressure of superheated steam Ata saturation line.

Efficiency

A program for the microprocessor has been created for each of the above types of boiler units, taking into account the features of a particular boiler unit.

The proposed device allows on the basis of an express calculation of efficiency to analyze the operating modes of the boiler and bring it to the optimum operating mode, the maximum possible for this boiler, and this is done in the shortest time, thereby minimizing the time of inefficient operation of the boiler, resulting in significant fuel economy and environmental conditions of the surrounding atmosphere are improving.

The proposed device in July 1996 was manufactured and tested to verify the passport data of the boiler BKZ-75 GM in the Omskshina OJSC

(calorie content)

efficiency

- 9 efficiency calculated by the proposed device amounted to 90.99%.

The experiment was carried out in a wide range of changes in efficiency both with constant air supply and changes in fuel supply, and with a constant fuel supply and a changing air supply.

Specific test results made it possible to choose the optimal mode of operation of the boiler and, accordingly, increase its efficiency by 2.11%, which with a daily fuel oil consumption of 100 tons is a significant amount.

The advantage of this device in relation to other methods for determining the efficiency of the boiler is its simplicity and, especially, the speed of determining (express calculation) the efficiency of the boiler for various modes.

In the process of manufacturing and finalizing the prototype of this device, it was tested on two types of boiler units at TPP-3 AK Omskenergo.

We enclose for information conclusions and references on the test results of the proposed device on 8 sheets in 1 copy. Literature: 1. A method for automatically optimizing combustion processes in thermal objects and a system for its implementation, a description of the invention to the USSR patent N1748661, CL P 23 N 3/00, published July 15, 1992, BI N 26.

THE AUTHORS:

BLINOV A.L.

KILISIDI V.N.

Claims (1)

A device for monitoring, analyzing and optimizing the process of burning fuel in a boiler unit, comprising a power supply unit, a power unit, an input data input unit with a keyboard, a display output unit, characterized in that in addition to this circuit, the device contains a microprocessor, for example, a single-chip operating according to a program that takes into account both the general laws of thermodynamics and the individual characteristics of a particular boiler unit, which includes the following parameters: superheated steam pressure, superheated steam temperature, flow rate steam, pressure in the boiler drum, feed water temperature, feed water consumption, electric energy consumption for own needs, fuel consumption and lower calorific value (calorific value), while the result of calculating the actual value of the boiler efficiency is displayed on the device for 10 - 15 s after entering these parameters into the microprocessor.