RU54328U1 - DEVICE FOR IMPREGATING POROUS MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for the impregnation of porous materials and can be used in the construction industry, electrical, woodworking and other industries. The device contains a container 1 with an impregnating composition, one or more hydrodynamic emitters 2 installed in it, which are connected through a pump 3 to a container 1, forming a closed flow of an impregnating composition. The technical result of the utility model consists in increasing the speed and depth of penetration of the impregnating composition into the material, increasing the completeness of filling of the pores during the impregnation, and the possibility of using highly viscous impregnating compositions.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for the impregnation of porous materials and can be used in the construction industry, electrical, woodworking and other industries.

Porous materials, which include windings of electric machines, concrete products and structures, wood products, etc., during operation absorb moisture and, together with it, substances that are aggressive for themselves, which causes their corrosion and reduces the operational life. So, when moisture enters the windings, the performance of electrical machines deteriorates. For concrete products and structures, cement stones are destroyed under similar conditions, which leads to a decrease in strength, a decrease in their corrosion resistance and frost resistance. For wood, moisture causes an acceleration of its biological decomposition.

One of the simple and effective ways to increase the life of porous materials is to increase their moisture resistance by impregnating them with special impregnating compounds, which subsequently harden and prevent the penetration of moisture into the material. For high-quality protection of porous materials from moisture, it is necessary to fill the pores with an impregnating composition in the entire volume of the material. It is known that the penetration ability of liquids into porous materials primarily depends on its viscosity. But, despite the high mobility of liquid molecules, it penetrates extremely slowly into the volume of materials. So, water is absorbed into the wood at a speed of 0.4-0.7 mm / day across the fibers and 2-5 mm / day along the fibers.

Currently, the most common device in the domestic industry for impregnating porous materials is a device that uses the vacuum-discharge method (see Barembo K.N., Bernstein L.M. Drying, impregnation and compounding of the windings of electric machines. - M .; Energy , 1967, - 303 s): porous materials are placed in a sealed autoclave, where a vacuum is created in advance, which is designed to remove air from the pores of the material, and then excessive pressure, which increases the penetration depth of the impregnating composition into the mat series. The device is used to impregnate various porous materials, including windings of electrical machines, concrete products and structures, wood products, etc. Modern impregnation devices for vacuum injection impregnation ensure the penetration of the compositions to a depth of 5-20 mm, depending on the type of porous materials and the impregnating composition, which leads only to surface impregnation and partial protection of the material from moisture. It should be noted that the material is dried before impregnation to remove moisture from the porous material and after impregnation to harden the impregnating composition.

Due to the fact that during drying the solvent is removed and new — secondary pores in the material appear, in the known device the impregnation is carried out in several cycles (from 3 to 5).

Thus, the known device has the following disadvantages:

- bulky, expensive equipment is required, for example, for the impregnation of the windings of electric machines, complex vacuum and pressure systems are required, as well as equipment for the production of nitrogen, which is used to create excess pressure;

- high cost due to the need for impregnation in several cycles, high energy consumption;

- the use of only low-viscosity impregnating compositions with a high content of solvents, which leads to a decrease in the quality of impregnation and insufficient insulation from moisture;

- low quality impregnation due to insignificant penetration of the impregnating composition into the porous material, i.e. only surface treatment is carried out.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed utility model is a device containing a container with an impregnating composition, in the side walls of which are two ultrasonic emitters, shifted one relative to the other by 90 °. The core with the winding located in the grooves is immersed in a container with an impregnating composition and, simultaneously with the action of ultrasonic vibrations, the core with the winding is rotated. Ultrasonic waves, excited in the immediate vicinity of the exit points of the winding from the core, effectively fill the open gaps between the windings and the grooves of the core with an impregnating composition, accelerate its movement along the grooves along the windings, contributes to the deepest and most complete filling compared to the analogue (see SU No. 1197013 , N 02 K 15/12, publ. 07.12.85 g.).

However, the known device has the following disadvantages:

- the range of ultrasound is negligible, the optimal distance does not exceed 100 mm;

- requires expensive and difficult to maintain equipment, which increases the cost of processing the material;

- volumetric impregnation is not achieved;

- energy intensity.

The technical problem solved by the claimed utility model is to increase the efficiency of impregnation, expand the scope of application of the device, reduce cost.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the speed and depth of penetration of the impregnating composition into the material,

increasing the completeness of pore filling during impregnation, the possibility of using highly viscous impregnating compositions.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device containing a container with an impregnating composition, an emitter installed in it, according to a utility model, one or more hydrodynamic emitters are used as an emitter connected through a pump to a container with an impregnating composition.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that between the tank and the pump an additional tank is installed with an impregnating composition, in which the filters are placed with a cleaning pipe.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that between the tank and the pump an additional fine filter is installed.

A distinctive feature of the claimed utility model is the presence of a new structural element, namely the use of hydrodynamic emitters for the impregnation of materials. During operation of the device, an impregnating composition is pumped through hydrodynamic emitters, which leaves it in the form of a high-speed pulsating jet directed to the surface of a porous material immersed in the impregnating composition. A high-speed jet of the impregnating composition creates a hydrodynamic shock on the surface of the material, accompanied by an increase in the pressure of the liquid directed inside its volume, and a pulsating jet causes the structure of the impregnating composition to be destroyed and thereby reduce its viscosity by tens to hundreds of times. The combined effect of two factors - hydrodynamic shock and a decrease in the viscosity of the impregnating composition leads to an increase in the speed and depth of penetration of the composition into the material, to an increase in the completeness of pore filling during impregnation, which allows:

1. Impregnate materials with different porosity, incl. windings of electrical machines, concrete products and structures, wood products, etc., with a high level of moisture protection.

2. Use highly viscous impregnating solutions. This reduces the volume of secondary pores that appear in porous materials after drying, which significantly improves the level of protection of the material from moisture penetration. There is a possibility of additional savings due to the use of high-viscosity pulp and paper production waste such as tack pitch as an impregnating solution.

3. The impregnation of porous materials of large dimensions by increasing the coverage by 10-15 times compared with the prototype.

Thus, only the hallmark of the claimed device, namely the use of hydrodynamic emitters, provides the achievement of the above technical result.

The inventive device is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 schematically shows a device without a reservoir and filters, and Fig. 2 shows a device with an additional reservoir and filters installed.

The device comprises a container 1 with an impregnating composition, one or more hydrodynamic emitters 2 installed in it, which are, for example, a nozzle combined with a vortex chamber. The emitters 2 through the pump 3 are connected to the tank 1, forming a closed flow of impregnating composition (see figure 1).

The device may further comprise a tank 4 with an impregnating composition installed between the tank 1 and the pump 3. In the tank 4 there are coarse filters 5. The tank 1 is connected to the tank 4 through the drain pipe 6 (see figure 2).

The device may also further comprise a fine filter 7 installed between the reservoir 4 and the pump 3 (see figure 2).

The emitters 2 are connected to a manometer 8 and a valve 9.

The inventive device operates as follows.

A porous material, for example, the armature of an electric machine with windings, is immersed in a container 1 with an impregnating composition. Turn on the pump 3, through which from the tank 1 through the hydrodynamic emitters 2

the impregnating composition is pumped, which leaves them in the form of a high-speed pulsating jet directed to the surface of the porous material, filling the pores with the impregnating composition in the entire volume of the material (see figure 1).

In the case of additional installation of the tank 4 and filter 7, the pump 3 pumps the impregnating composition from the tank 4 through the emitters 2. The excess of the impregnating composition from the tank 1 through the sewer 6 flows into the tank 4, where it is cleaned by filters 5 from coarse impurities. Then the composition from the tank 4 passes through a fine filter 7 and through the pump 3 enters the emitters 2, forming a closed flow of impregnating composition (see figure 2).

The pressure in the hydrodynamic emitters 2 is regulated by a valve 9 and fixed with a pressure gauge 8.

Experimental studies of the device, where they impregnated various porous materials: windings of electric machines, concrete products, wood, showed that the claimed device is 30-40% more efficient than the prototype, the cost of impregnation is reduced by a factor of ten due to the use of easy-to-use and cheap equipment. Moreover, the number of impregnation cycles does not exceed one.

Claims (3)

1. A device for the impregnation of porous materials containing a container with an impregnating composition, an emitter installed in it, characterized in that one or more hydrodynamic emitters connected through a pump to a container with an impregnating composition are used as an emitter. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that between the tank and the pump an additional tank is installed with an impregnating composition, in which coarse filters are placed. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that between the tank and the pump an additional fine filter is installed.