JP2010189871A - Pressure permeator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pressure permeator which enables an alkali silicate permeation material to efficiently permeate concrete, and which hardly causes the waste of the alkali silicate permeation material in lateral or upward construction. <P>SOLUTION: This pressure permeator 900 includes an elastically-deformable bag-like container 100 which has a lateral portion formed like an accordion, and a pressure plate 300 with rigidity, which is provided on the bag bottom 101 of the bag-like container 100 and pushed to reduce the internal volume of the bag-like container 100. A thin-walled portion 110 of the bag-like container 100, the opening edge of which is bent inward and has the thickness of its edge thinned toward the opening edge, prevents the leakage of the alkali silicate permeation material contained in a water absorbing material 200. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a pressure-type infiltration device for efficiently infiltrating concrete with an alkali silicate infiltration material that prevents deterioration of concrete.

  Deterioration of reinforced concrete structures is due to deterioration of the concrete itself and corrosion of the reinforcing bars, except for those caused by external forces such as seismic forces and loads. If they are classified based on causes or symptoms, they become (1) neutralization, (2) salt damage, (3) sulfate erosion, (4) frost damage, (5) alkali-aggregate reaction, etc. Deterioration progresses simultaneously with multiple causes or symptoms.

These deteriorations are all physical and chemical reactions using water as a medium. The so-called ready-mixed concrete contains excess water, but it was trapped or adsorbed in the so-called C—S—H gel constituting the cement hardened body and the water that was chemically incorporated into the hardened cement body with solidification and drying. Water other than gel water is gradually evaporated to a dry state. The C-S-H gel is the major strength component of the concrete produced by the hydration reaction of cement, but can not be expressed by a simple _{formula, 3CaO · 2SiO 2 · 3H 2} O is close. It is said to have a structure close to tobermorite, a naturally occurring mineral.

  When rainwater or seawater penetrates into concrete in the form of water absorption or water permeability (with pressure), various harmful substances are involved, causing a deterioration chemical reaction with the substances inside. In addition, harmful chemical reactions between substances originally present in the interior (despite being stable in the dry state) are excited or activated using water as a medium.

  Therefore, if the inside of the concrete is kept in a dry state by preventing the entry of water from the outside or greatly reducing it, the progress of deterioration can be stopped or greatly reduced.

  A general method for protecting concrete by preventing water absorption and permeation of the concrete is a method of waterproofing the surface or finishing (painting, spraying, metal panel, towel, etc.).

  For example, Patent Document 1 describes a technique in which an inorganic permeable waterproofing agent containing sodium silicate as a main component is applied or injected into concrete, and the concrete is infiltrated by repeating watering several times after drying.

  However, since the technique described in Patent Document 1 penetrates into concrete, it is necessary to repeat drying and spraying at least three times while waiting for 5 to 7 hours after coating or pouring, and the work is very complicated. There is a problem that it takes a long time.

  Patent Document 2 proposes a concrete modifier in which sodium silicate and potassium silicate are mixed at a molar ratio of 1: 1 and sodium hydroxide is added, and the amount of sodium hydroxide added is adjusted. Describes a technique for adjusting the rate of gelation.

  However, the technique described in Patent Document 2 requires watering to promote the reaction between concrete and calcium, and cannot be said to have good workability.

  Patent Document 3 describes a technique for preventing deterioration of concrete by accelerating a semi-solid gelation reaction of concrete by allowing a calcium nitrate aqueous solution to infiltrate into the concrete before and after the alkali silicate infiltrant. Yes.

  The alkali silicate penetrating material is mainly composed of a sodium silicate solution or a mixed solution of sodium silicate and potassium silicate, and contains a small amount of special metal oxide.

  The cement hardened body, which is a portion other than the aggregate of concrete, is a porous solid gel having a void in the range of 0.01 μm to several μm, which is called a capillary void. The voids are formed by excess water remaining between the C—S—H gels generated by the hydration reaction of cement gradually evaporating with the end of hydration. In the concrete, in addition to capillary gaps, (1) voids generated by separation or settling at the time of cracking or setting, (2) bubbles (several tens of μm to 1000 μm) using AE material, (3) gel voids (1 nm to 4 nm) ) This (1) void causes water leakage, but this void is much larger than the capillary void and cannot be dealt with by the gelation reaction of alkali silicate. Usually, it is repaired by injection of a sealing material or epoxy resin. However, an alkali silicate permeation material can be used as long as it is a space of 0.1 mm width or less called a hair crack. Moreover, (2) is a closed cell, and the water contained in (3) is strongly restrained by the gel and does not participate in the degradation chemical reaction.

In addition to C—S—H gel, which is the main strength component, a large amount (about 1/3 of the cement amount) of calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) ₂ crystals exist in the concrete, and part of it (solubility) 0.18 g / 100 g H ₂ O) is dissolved in the capillary gap. In addition, since the cement contains an alkali component (sodium oxide Na ₂ O, potassium oxide K ₂ O) from the beginning, when moisture is present in the capillary gap, sodium ions Na ⁺ , potassium ions K ⁺ , hydroxides are present. Ion OH ⁻ and calcium ion Ca ²⁺ dissolve and are essentially strongly basic (pH 12.5 to 13.5).

  When the alkali silicate penetrates into the capillary void, it takes in calcium ions in the solution and turns into a glassy semi-solid gel. In an environment with a lot of moisture, this gel absorbs sufficient moisture (gel water) to increase the volume and close the gap. In this state, the entry and exit of liquids and gases are blocked. On the other hand, at the time of drying (gel water is less likely to evaporate than normal free water), it becomes a dry gel and its volume decreases, and gas (oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor) circulates to some extent.

  Alkali silicate penetrating materials are used to prevent or suppress intrusion of water and seawater by using such properties, thereby delaying the progress of deterioration of concrete and prolonging the life.

  Alkali silicate penetrants are semi-solid gels (calcium alkali silicates) produced in concrete, with a composition similar to cement or glass (silicon oxide, calcium oxide, alkali oxide), all inorganic, UV or temperature There is an advantage that there is almost no deterioration over time due to change. Moreover, there is almost no change in the appearance of the concrete surface after construction. Therefore, if the concrete is young, the original texture and color can be maintained for a long time.

  And, since it is not waterproofed by a thin film as in general waterproofing, it forms a waterproof layer spreading to a certain thickness (several centimeters to 10 centimeters depending on the density of concrete), so that mechanical wear on the surface and Strong against scratches. In addition, it is extremely effective as a repairing tool for water permeability (underground walls of buildings, underground pits, retaining walls, tunnels, water tanks, etc.) with water pressure from the back of the concrete.

  In the general construction procedure of an alkali silicate infiltrating material, in the case of downward construction (floor construction), it is spread on the floor with a thickness of 0.3 to 1.0 mm using a spreader or the like. In the case of sideways construction (wall construction) and upward construction (ceiling construction), a roller or the like is used to apply to the wall or ceiling.

  It is thought that the penetration of the liquid from the surface of the concrete into the inside is physically due to two phenomena of wetting and press fitting. Penetration due to wetting is that the concrete surface is wetted by the squeezing between the surface energy of the concrete and the surface energy of the liquid (= surface tension) without pressure, and a part of the surface penetrates into the capillary gap.

Japanese Patent No. 2937309 (page 2) JP 2002-239523 A (2nd to 3rd pages) JP 2008-169068 A (page 7)

  However, in the general construction procedure of alkali silicate infiltrant, in the case of downward construction, infiltration by slight pressure (gravity) corresponding to wetting and spreading thickness is performed. The degree of penetration into concrete is insufficient. In this case, there is a problem that the alkali silicate infiltrating material does not penetrate into the deep part of the concrete and the effect of preventing deterioration is insufficient. In addition, in the case of sideways construction or upward construction, where penetration by wetting using a roller or the like is performed, in addition to the insufficient degree of penetration of the alkali silicate infiltrant into the concrete, during construction, Since the alkali silicate penetrating material sometimes hangs down from the roller or the like, and a part of the alkali silicate penetrating material is wasted, there has been a problem in cost.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and can efficiently infiltrate the alkali silicate infiltrating material into the concrete, and the alkali silicate infiltrating material is not easily wasted in the lateral construction or the upward construction. An object of the present invention is to provide a pressure type permeation device.

  The pressurizing penetrating apparatus according to the present invention has an opening edge that is bent inward, and its thickness changes so that the edge becomes thinner toward the opening edge. A bag-like container, a water-absorbing material that is filled inside the bag-like container, has water absorption, is compressed and drained, and is rigidly provided at the bag bottom of the bag-like container, and the contents of the bag-like container And a pressure plate that is pressurized to reduce the product.

  In this case, the water absorbing material is preferably a sponge-like porous elastic body.

  The water absorbing material is preferably a non-woven structure in which fibers are entangled without being woven or a laminated non-woven structure in which non-woven fabrics are laminated.

  Also, a plurality of first hinge bearings formed at regular intervals so as to project outside the opening of the bag-like container, and a plurality of segments formed at regular intervals so as to project on the side surface of the pressure plate. It is preferable to have a hinge unit having a second hinge bearing and a plurality of hinge hinges whose opening angle is limited to a predetermined value or less and connecting the first hinge bearing and the second hinge bearing.

  A pressure shaft having one end abutting and fixed to the pressure plate; and a handle provided at the other end of the pressure shaft. It is preferable that a pressure shaft pressurizes the pressure plate.

  A plurality of pressure shafts having one end abuttingly fixed to the pressure plate; a handle provided at the other end of the plurality of pressure shafts; and the plurality of pressure shafts. A plurality of shaft receivers of semicircular cross-section column bodies that slidably support the plurality of shaft receivers, a support column that supports the plurality of shaft receivers, a fixed pulley that is provided on the support column and protrudes in the horizontal direction, and one end portion Is attached to the handle, and has an intermediate portion wound around the fixed pulley and a wire with a weight suspended from the other end portion, and a support base for supporting the support column.

  Moreover, in the above-mentioned case, it is preferable to have a weight support plate that supports the weight and a weight support plate moving unit that moves the weight support plate in the vertical direction.

  A plurality of pressure shafts having one end abuttingly fixed to the pressure plate; a handle provided at the other end of the plurality of pressure shafts; and the plurality of pressure shafts. A plurality of semicircular cross-section column bearings that slidably support in the horizontal direction, a support that supports the plurality of shaft receivers, a fixed pulley that is provided on the support and protrudes in the horizontal direction, An end is attached to the handle, an intermediate part is wound around the fixed pulley, a weight is suspended from the other end, a plurality of suction cups provided at equal intervals on a concentric circumference, and a plurality of suction cups It is preferable that a connecting shaft is arranged radially from the center of the concentric circles and has a connecting shaft body that connects the plurality of suction cups, and a combined body that directly connects the connecting shaft body and the support body.

  Furthermore, it is preferable to have a liquid tank for storing the solution, an introduction path for introducing the solution into the water absorbing material, and a discharge path for discharging the solution contained in the water absorbing material.

  According to the present invention, an alkali silicate infiltrating material is included in the water-absorbing material filled in the bag-shaped container, and the thin portion formed in the opening of the bag-shaped container is pressed against the concrete to be infiltrated, By crushing the water-absorbing material by pressurizing the pressure plate and squeezing out the alkali silicate infiltrant from the water-absorbing material, it can be pressed and infiltrated into the concrete to be infiltrated regardless of the direction of gravity by simple operation be able to. In addition, the opening edge of the bag-like container is formed so as to be bent inward, and its edge portion is thinned toward the opening edge to constitute a thin portion, By pressing the thin portion against the concrete to be infiltrated, the thin portion is in close contact with the concrete, and the alkali silicate infiltrant is less likely to leak, which is advantageous in terms of cost. In particular, in the case of sideways construction or upward construction, it is very advantageous in terms of cost because wasteful alkali silicate infiltrating materials are less likely to be generated as compared with application construction using conventional rollers.

(A), (b) is a cross-sectional view showing a pressure type penetrating device of the first embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a cross-sectional view showing a pressure type penetrating device body of the first embodiment, (B) is sectional drawing which showed the thin part of the pressurization-type infiltration apparatus. (A), (b) is sectional drawing which showed the pressurization-type infiltration apparatus of 1st Embodiment of this invention, (a) shows the state which applies a pressure and permeate | transmits an alkali silicate infiltration material to concrete. (B) is a sectional view showing a state in which the thin portion prevents leakage of the alkali silicate infiltrating material. It is explanatory drawing which shows the volume relationship of each component in a cement paste hardening body. It is explanatory drawing explaining the relationship between the penetration depth to concrete and the space | gap filling rate of a penetrating liquid. (A), (b) is sectional drawing which showed the pressurization type infiltration apparatus of 2nd Embodiment which reinforced the bag-shaped container with the hinge unit, (a) shows the pressurization type infiltration apparatus main body of 2nd Embodiment. (B) is the bottom view which showed the pressurization type penetration device main part of a 2nd embodiment from the bottom. It is sectional drawing which showed the state which applies a pressure to the pressurization type osmosis | permeation apparatus of 2nd Embodiment, and permeate | transmits an alkali silicate osmosis | permeation material to concrete. It is the bottom view which showed the pressurization type penetration device which has a bag-like container of a section square with a rounded corner part from the bottom. (A), (b) is the side view which showed the pressurization type infiltration apparatus of 3rd Embodiment pressurized with a handle, (a) is the side which showed the pressurization type infiltration apparatus main body of 3rd Embodiment from the side. It is a figure, (b) is the bottom view shown from the bottom part. (A), (b) is the side view which showed the pressurization type infiltration apparatus of 4th Embodiment which has a support | pillar and a support | pillar base, (a) showed the pressurization type infiltration apparatus main body of 4th Embodiment from the side. It is a side view, (b) is the bottom view shown from the bottom. It is explanatory drawing which showed the mode at the time of using the pressurization type permeation apparatus of 4th Embodiment. It is the side view which showed the modification of the pressurization type penetration device to which the fixed pulley provided in the support body moves forwards and backwards. (A), (b) is the side view which showed the pressurization type infiltration apparatus of 5th Embodiment which has a suction cup for attaching a pressurization type infiltration apparatus to a construction surface, (a) is the pressurization type of 5th Embodiment. It is the side view which showed the osmosis | permeation apparatus main body from the side surface, (b) is the bottom view shown from the bottom part. It is explanatory drawing which showed the mode at the time of using the pressurization type permeation apparatus of 5th Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which showed the pressurization osmosis | permeation apparatus of 6th Embodiment which has a liquid tank which stores a solution. It is explanatory drawing which showed the pressurization type penetration apparatus of 7th Embodiment which has a weight support apparatus which supports a weight. (A), (b) is explanatory drawing explaining the structure of a weight support apparatus, (a) is explanatory drawing explaining the mechanism which raises / lowers a weight support apparatus, (b) is a weight support apparatus as a support | pillar. It is explanatory drawing explaining the structure to attach. It is the side view which showed the pressurization type penetration device of a 9th embodiment with which a work table was arranged in parallel. It is sectional drawing which showed the apparatus of the pressurization penetration test of the liquid. It is an experimental result which shows the osmosis | permeation amount in case a test liquid is water. It is an experimental result which shows the osmosis | permeation amount in case a test liquid is an alkali silicate osmosis | permeation material.

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig.1 (a) is sectional drawing which showed the pressurization type permeation device main body, and FIG.1 (b) is sectional drawing which expanded and showed the thin part of the pressurization type permeation device. FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the alkali silicate infiltrant is infiltrated into the concrete under pressure, and FIG. 2B is a state in which the thin portion prevents the alkali silicate infiltrant from leaking. It is sectional drawing which showed.

  As shown in FIG. 1A, a pressure type infiltration device 900 according to this embodiment includes a bag-like container 100, a water absorbent 200 filled in the bag-like container 100, and a bag bottom portion of the bag-like container 100. And a pressurizing plate 300 provided in the.

  The bag-like container 100 includes a bag bottom portion 101, a bellows-like side portion, and an opening 102 at the upper end. The bag-like container 100 is made of a stretchable and airtight material, and is made of, for example, a polymer rubber such as polyurethane rubber or chloroprene rubber, and is reduced by pressure and stretched by elasticity. To do. Although the magnitude | size of the bag-shaped container 100 is not specifically limited, For example, a diameter can be 40-120 cm, height can be 5-10 cm, and thickness can be 0.1-0.3 cm.

  As shown in FIG.1 (b), the opening part 102 of the bag-shaped container 100 is formed so that the opening edge of the bag-shaped container 100 may bend toward the inner side, The edge part is opening. The thin portion 110 is formed by changing the thickness so as to become thinner toward the edge.

  The water-absorbing material 200 can be used as long as it has a water-absorbing property and can be drained by being compressed. For example, a sponge-like porous elastic body can be used. Although the sponge-like porous elastic body is not particularly limited, for example, a dense and high-porosity flexible foam using a melamine resin can be used as a material.

  Moreover, as the water absorbing material 200, for example, a non-woven structure in which fibers are entangled without being woven or a laminated nonwoven fabric structure in which nonwoven fabrics are laminated can be used. The non-woven structure is produced by, for example, forming a primary molded body by short fibers of about 15 to 100 nm in a predetermined shape, and then solidifying the primary molded body into a predetermined shape with an adhesive or the like. be able to. A laminated nonwoven fabric structure can be produced by, for example, laminating a plurality of nonwoven fabrics to form a laminate, and then solidifying the laminate with an adhesive or the like.

  The pressure plate 300 is attached so that one main surface is in contact with the bag bottom 101 of the bag-like container 100. The pressure plate 300 is made of a material having rigidity and is not particularly limited, but is made of, for example, hard polypropylene.

  Next, the usage mode of the pressure type infiltration device 900 according to the first embodiment will be described. First, the water-absorbing material 200 filled in the bag-like container 100 is allowed to absorb the alkali silicate penetrating material.

  The alkali silicate penetrating material is mainly composed of a sodium silicate solution or a mixed solution of sodium silicate and potassium silicate, and additionally contains a small amount of a special metal oxide.

  Next, as shown by arrow A <b> 1 in FIG. 1A, the opening 102 of the bag-like container 100 is directed to the concrete 500 to be infiltrated.

  2A, the pressure plate 300 is pressurized to press the opening 102 of the bag-like container 100 against the concrete 500 to be infiltrated. Thereby, as shown by arrow A <b> 3, the alkali silicate penetrating material contained in the water absorbing material 200 receives pressure and efficiently penetrates into the concrete 500. In addition, pressurization is an effect | action of the force added to the bag-like container 100 and the water absorption material 200 which contact | connect the penetration object surface, such as concrete, with the pressurization plate 300. FIG.

  Here, although there are some irregularities on the surface of the concrete 500 to be infiltrated, the thin portion 110 has a tapered shape. Therefore, by pressing the opening of the bag-like container 100 against the concrete 500, the thin portion 110 adheres to the surface of the concrete 500. Therefore, a gap is hardly generated between the thin portion 110 and the concrete 500, and the alkali silicate infiltrating material hardly leaks as indicated by an arrow A4 in FIG.

  Next, an aqueous solution containing calcium ions is filled into the bag-like container 100 and, as shown in FIG. The calcium ions required for gelation of the alkali silicate penetrating material are mainly those using the calcium ions inside the concrete, but it is better to supply them separately from the outside. This is because the calcium ions inside the concrete are due to the dissolution of calcium hydroxide, and consuming it promotes the neutralization of the concrete itself.

  As a substance (calcium salt) that is a source of calcium ions, it is sufficiently water-soluble, and the substance remaining after gelation (mainly anions) is not harmful to concrete and reinforcing bars, and is used in large quantities. It is necessary to satisfy the above three conditions that are not expensive. Examples of substances that satisfy these requirements and are easily available include calcium nitrate and calcium chloride.

Of these, calcium chloride, has a concentration of constraints, i.e., chloride ions remaining after gelation reaction (Cl ^-) is more than (typically, 1.2 kg / m 3 ^(which is said to concrete)) is the concentration of And destroys the passive (oxidation) film that protects the reinforcing bars from corrosion and may cause corrosion in cooperation with dissolved oxygen. Therefore, in the Japanese Industrial Standards, a chloride ion ^{(Cl -1)} content in the concrete, are regulated by 0.30 kg / ^{m 3} or less and 0.60 kg / ^{m 3} or less of the two stages.

  For the above reasons, the application range of calcium chloride is limited. That is, in young concrete (pH ≧ 12) and in the initial stage of neutralization (pH = 11.5 to 12), gelation within the range of the regulation value is possible. In the stage (about pH ≦ 9.2), it is necessary to supply all calcium ions necessary for gelation from the outside.

  When sea sand is used for fine aggregate, the concrete contains some residual salinity after salt removal, and in the sea or coastal structures, the salinity is contained inside the concrete along with rain and wind. Brought in. Therefore, even if the amount of chloride ions by calcium chloride supplied from the outside is within the regulation value, the overall amount of chloride ions may exceed the regulation value.

In contrast to the calcium chloride concentration limitation, calcium nitrate Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ has no risk of harming concrete and reinforcing bars. For example, [Ca] / [Si] is about 0.9. Can penetrate into concrete at high concentration. Therefore, a calcium nitrate aqueous solution is used as the aqueous solution containing calcium ions.

Calcium nitrate is harmless with increasing concentrations. Nitric acid as an acid is a strong acid and erodes concrete violently, but the salt calcium nitrate does not have such toxicity. When the concentration of [Ca] / [Si] is 0.08 to 0.90, it is almost harmless even if it penetrates into concrete, and nitrate ions have an oxidizing action. The maintenance of the coating) has a good effect. Calcium nitrate Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ is a dangerous substance that is used as a raw material for pyrotechnics, but high purity crude calcium nitrate, also called lime nitrate, is used for fertilizer, It dissolves well in water and is cheap.

  The alkali silicate infiltrated material that has penetrated into the concrete 500 is bonded (gelled) by the reaction represented by the formula 1 with calcium ions.

  The resulting gel is chemically very stable and its composition is similar to the main component C—S—H of concrete. The generated gel fills the capillary gap in the concrete, thereby suppressing the deterioration of the concrete. According to the present invention, it is possible to increase the amount of penetration of the alkali silicate infiltrating material and calcium nitrate, and hence the penetration depth, by applying pressure, and as a result, it is possible to efficiently suppress the progress of deterioration of the concrete, Even in the permeation construction for the horizontal wall surface, the thin portion 110 prevents leakage of the alkali silicate permeation material, which is excellent in terms of cost.

  Attempts have been made to improve the properties of the portion close to the concrete surface by infiltrating concrete with various chemical solutions or colloids, etc., but the diameter of the void inside the concrete is extremely small, being several μm or less, Penetration is not easy. When cement gel is formed by the hydration reaction, the water chemically incorporated in the gel is compressed and volume reduction occurs. A reduction of about 10% of the original volume (cement volume + water volume involved in the hydration reaction) occurs. This reduction is called hydration shrinkage, but the hydration shrinkage that occurs while the fresh concrete remains fluid only reduces the overall volume. Is mostly absorbed in the form of internal voids, and only a small part leads to a reduction (shrinkage) of the outer volume. This is called concrete self-shrinkage. The generated internal voids are initially filled with water, but as the hydration reaction proceeds, the water in the voids is also used for the hydration reaction and gradually decreases. When the remaining amount is reduced, a shrinkage force is generated on the void wall surface by the surface tension of the water film. Furthermore, even after the hydration reaction is almost completed, the evaporation of moisture in the voids (capillary voids) continues, so this contraction force continues to cause a reduction in the external volume. This is called drying shrinkage. In the case of actual concrete, an amount of water more than that required for the hydration reaction is added. This is because the mixing of cement and water is microscopically incomplete, so that excess water is required to complete the hydration reaction, and that fresh concrete can be poured sufficiently into the formwork. This is because a certain level of fluidity is required.

FIG. 3 shows the volume of hardened cement paste produced by a hydration reaction between 1 g of cement (substantially 0.32 cm ³ ) and 0.5 g of water when the water / cement ratio (W / C) = 0.5. This shows the relationship between the volume of voids (there are capillary voids and gel voids). The amount of water required for the hydration of cement 1g is 0.23g (0.23cm ^3). The water added to the cement is divided into three after curing. First, hydrated water chemically incorporated into the cured body, then excess water remaining in the capillary gap without being involved in the reaction, and gel water which is an intermediate between them. Gel water is not chemically bonded to cement particles, but is water constrained between gel layers, and its movement is restricted without participating in a hydration reaction. It hardly evaporates at room temperature and evaporates only when heated to 100 ° C or higher. The liquid from the outside does not penetrate into the gap (gel gap). The amount is about 15% of the cement amount and occupies a considerable volume ratio in the cured body. If the "concrete structures of Material Design (Ohm) 'of (W / C) = 0.5, the total capillary void volume is the measurement result is 0.29cm per cement paste cured body 1cm ^{3 3} / cm ³ Has been posted. On the other hand, the cured product model of Figure 3, the same amount is (0.12 + 0.05) / (0.5 + 0.15 + 0.12 + 0.05) = 0.21cm 3 / cm 3. In general, the diameter of 1 to 3 nm is defined as a gel gap, and the diameter of 5 nm to several nm is defined as a capillary gap (pore).

In the case of a polymer colloid, it seems that the penetration is almost impossible in a void of 10 nm or less because of the size of the molecule. Further, even a monomolecular solution (including an electrolyte solution) is difficult to penetrate because of being hindered by the surface tension of water as a solvent. For (W / C) = 0.5, the adoption of standard formulated as concrete Formulation sand: 1.2 mm or less, gravel: as 20mm or less, by weight formulation is per fresh concrete 1 m ^3, water: 190 kg / ^{m 3} , cement: 380kg / ^{m 3,} sand: 577kg / ^{m 3,} gravel: the 1188kg / ^{m 3.} The shrinkage due to the decrease in the external volume is on the order of 10 ⁻³ and can be ignored. According to FIG. 3, the actual volume of the hydrated product volume: 0.5 × 380 = 190 liters / m ³ , gel water: 0.15 × 380 = 57 liters / ^{m 3,} the capillary gap: a (0.05 + 0.12) × 380 = 64.6 liters ^{/ m 3 (0.065cm 3 / cm} 3). That is, the capillary ratio of the concrete blended above is 6.5%.

The penetration of the penetrating liquid into the gap means that the air or water in the gap is expelled and replaced. In the process, it is impossible to drive out 100%, and the void filling rate of the liquid is considered to be lower toward the inside. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, assuming that the maximum filling rate of the concrete surface is 80% and is decreasing toward the inside, the penetration depth is defined up to 50%. Then, the average filling rate is (80 + 2 × 75 + 2 × 65 + 50) /6=68.3 (%). Therefore, the depth D (mm) with respect to the penetration amount S (mm / cm ² ) is D = S / (0.065 × 0.683) = 22.5S, and the penetration amount (penetration thickness mm / cm ² ). Is about 23 times the penetration depth. If this calculation formula is used, for example, in a working example described later, a glass funnel with a straight pipe is erected on a concrete standard specimen, and a penetration test is performed, but the penetration depth can be estimated without destroying the concrete. .

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described. Fig.5 (a) is sectional drawing which showed the pressurization-type infiltration apparatus main body of 2nd Embodiment, and FIG.5 (b) is a bottom view of the pressurization-type infiltration apparatus of 2nd Embodiment. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a usage mode of the pressurized penetrating device of the second embodiment. FIG. 7 is a bottom view showing a pressure type infiltration device having a bag-like container having a square cross section from the bottom.

  If the water-absorbing material 200 contains an alkali silicate penetrating material, the shape of the bag-like container 100 may be distorted due to the influence of the increased weight. When the shape of the bag-like container 100 is distorted to an unintended shape, it becomes difficult to accurately infiltrate the alkali silicate infiltrating material into the target concrete 500, and work efficiency is reduced. Therefore, the pressurized penetrating device 900 according to the second embodiment has a hinge unit 400 as shown in FIG. The hinge unit 400 includes a plurality of first hinge bearings 411, a plurality of second hinge bearings 412, and a plurality of hinge hinges 420 that connect the first hinge bearings 412 and the second hinge bearings 412. The opening angle θ of the hinge hinge 420 is limited to a certain value or less, such as 120 degrees. As shown in FIG. 5B, the first hinge bearings 411 are formed at equal intervals so as to protrude outside the opening 102 of the bag-like container 100. Similarly, the second hinge bearing 412 is also formed on the side surface of the pressure plate 300 at regular intervals so as to protrude.

  Next, the usage mode of the pressure type infiltration device 900 according to the second embodiment will be described. Similarly to the usage pattern described in the first embodiment, first, the water absorbing material 200 is allowed to absorb the alkali silicate infiltrating material, and then the opening of the bag-like container 100 as indicated by an arrow A1 in FIG. 102 is directed to the concrete 500 to be infiltrated, and the pressurizing plate 300 is pressurized as indicated by an arrow A2 in FIG. 6 to press the opening 102 of the bag-like container 100 against the concrete 500 to be infiltrated. .

  In the present embodiment, in addition to the effects of the invention according to the first embodiment described above, since the bag-shaped container 100 is supported by the hinge unit 400 at equal intervals, the shape of the bag-shaped container 100 is not easily distorted. The alkali silicate infiltrating material can be accurately infiltrated into the concrete 500 to be infiltrated. Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the bag-shaped container 100 is supported by the hinge unit 400 at equal intervals, the bag-shaped container 100 can be manufactured with a material that is relatively easy to bend. The width of.

  In the above-described embodiment, the bag-like container 100 has a substantially cylindrical shape. However, the shape is not limited to this, and the mass of the alkali silicate infiltrating material to be contained in the water-absorbing material 200, the bag Various shapes can be used according to the ease of use of the container 100. For example, the shape of the bag-like container 100 can be a cylindrical shape with an elliptical cross section, or can be a prismatic body or the like, as in the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. Various shapes such as a square, a rectangle, a rhombus, etc. with rounded corners (the corners are rounded) can be used as the cross-sectional shape of the prismatic body.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described. Fig.8 (a) is sectional drawing which showed the pressurization type permeation device main body of 3rd Embodiment, FIG.8 (b) is sectional drawing in the 8b-8b dashed-dotted line in Fig.8 (a).

  As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the pressurizing permeation apparatus 900 according to this embodiment includes a pressurizing shaft 310 and a handle 320. One end of the pressure shaft 310 is abutted and fixed to the pressure plate 300. The other end of the pressure shaft 310 is attached to the handle. Three pressure shafts are provided at equal intervals in a concentric manner.

  Next, the usage mode of the pressure type infiltration device 900 according to the third embodiment will be described. Similarly to the usage pattern described in the first embodiment, first, the water absorbing material 200 is allowed to absorb the alkali silicate penetrating material, and then the opening 102 of the bag-like container 100 is directed to the permeation target. Then, the handle 320 is held with both hands, and the handle 320 is pressed in the direction of the pressure plate 300. Accordingly, the pressure plate 300 is pressurized in the direction indicated by the arrow A4 in FIG. 8A, and the alkali silicate infiltrating material permeates into the permeation target from the opening 102 of the bag-like container 100.

  In the present embodiment, in addition to the effects of the invention according to the first embodiment described above, it is easy to convey the operator's pressing operation to the pressing plate 300 by grasping the handle 320 with both hands. Therefore, the alkali silicate infiltrating material can be easily infiltrated into the permeation object with good convenience. Furthermore, if the pressure shaft 310 is configured to be freely attachable to the pressure plate 300, the handle 320 and the pressure shaft 310 can be separately transported to the work site, and the convenience of the pressure type penetrating device 900 of the present embodiment is achieved. Improves. In the above-described embodiment, three pressure shafts 310 are provided. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and four or more pressure shafts 310 may be provided.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described. Fig.9 (a) is sectional drawing which showed the pressurization type permeation device main body of 4th Embodiment, FIG.9 (b) is sectional drawing in the 9b-9b dashed-dotted line in Fig.9 (a).

  In the above-described embodiment, the pressing operation of the pressure plate 300 is performed by human power. However, the pressing operation by the human power is not required at the work site, and the pressing operation of the pressing plate 300 is performed more simply. Things are requested. Therefore, in the pressure type infiltration device 900 according to the fourth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9A, a plurality of pressure shafts 631, 632, 633, a handle 640, and a plurality of pressure shafts 631, It has a plurality of shaft receivers 621, 622, 623 that support 632, 623, a column 610, a first fixed pulley 651 provided on the column 610, a wire W, and a support base 670 that supports the column 610.

  One end of each of the pressure shafts 631, 632, and 633 is in contact with and fixed to the other main surface of the pressure plate 300. A handle 640 is attached to the other end of the pressure shafts 631, 632, and 633. The shaft receivers 621, 622, and 623 have a semicircular cross-sectional columnar shape, and support the pressure shafts 631, 632, and 633 so as to be slidable in the horizontal direction. The support column 610 includes a plurality of columns, and includes, for example, a first support column 610a, a second support column 610b, and a third support column 610c. As shown in FIG. 9B, a first column branch 611a is provided in the middle part of the first column 610a. The first support column branch 611a is, for example, a plate-like body, and is fixed by, for example, welding through the first support column 610a. Shaft supports 622 and 623 are attached to both ends of the first support branch 611a, and a shaft support 621 is attached to the top of the first support post 610a. Thus, the first support post 610a is connected to the shaft. Supports 621, 622, and 623 are supported. The 1st fixed pulley 651 is provided in the 1st support | pillar 610a, and protrudes in the horizontal direction. The second constant pulley 652 is provided on the second support column 610b and is located below the first constant pulley 651.

  The wire W connects the handle 640 and the weight 660. That is, one end of the wire W branches in three directions as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, and each is attached to the handle 640. Various forms of attachment to the handle 640 of the wire W branched in the three directions can be used. For example, a hook is provided at the tip of the wire W branched in the three directions, and a hook is also attached to the attachment position of the corresponding handle 640. The form which provides can be employ | adopted. An intermediate portion of the wire W is wound around the first constant pulley 651 and is also hooked on the second constant pulley 652. A weight 660 is suspended from the other end of the wire W. Various forms of attachment of the wire W to the weight 660 can also be used. For example, a form in which a hook is provided at the tip of the wire W and a hook is provided at a corresponding attachment position of the weight can be employed.

  The support base 670 can stably support all the objects provided above the support base 670 such as the bag-like container 100, the water absorbing material 200 containing the silicate infiltrating material, the handle 640, the column 610, and the weight 660. The weight and size are enough to withstand the overturning moment caused by the reaction force from the pressurized concrete during pressure penetration.

Next, the usage mode of the pressure type infiltration device 900 according to the fourth embodiment will be described.
As shown in FIG. 10A, the third support column 610c is erected on the support base 670, the second support column 610b is connected to the third support column 610c, and the first support column 610b is connected to the second support column 610b. Connect. Next, the pressure shafts 631, 632, and 633 shown in FIG. 10B are placed on the shaft receivers 621, 622, and 623, respectively, as indicated by an arrow B1. Next, as shown by arrow A8 in FIG. 9A, the opening 102 of the bag-like container 100 is directed to the concrete 500 to be infiltrated. 9A, the tip of the wire W branched in three directions is attached to the handle 640, and the intermediate portion is wound around the first fixed pulley 651 and hung on the second constant pulley 652. The weight 660 is attached to the other end of the wire W. As a result, as shown by an arrow A5 in FIG. 9A, the wire W receives a tension vertically downward by the weight 660, and the wire W wound around the first fixed pulley 651 becomes an arrow A6 in FIG. 9A. The handle 640 and the pressure shafts 631, 632, and 633 are moved in the direction indicated by the arrow A7 in FIG. 9A, whereby the pressure plate 300 receives the total force and forms a bag shape. The opening 102 of the container 100 is pressed against the concrete 500 to be infiltrated. The total applied force is an applied force based on the weight of the weight 660 specified in advance. The applied force is the compression force of the pressure shaft transmitted to the pressure plate 300 by the tension of the wire W generated by the gravity acting on the weight 660.

  In the present embodiment, in addition to the effects of the invention according to the first embodiment described above, the pressurizing operation is performed by the gravity of the weight 660 without requiring a pressurizing operation by human power. Can be planned. Moreover, since the support | pillar 610 is a structure which consists of multiple steps | paragraphs, before arriving at a work site, it conveys for every part, and assembles them in a work site, The pressurization type infiltration apparatus 900 of this embodiment is convenient. Can be used. Furthermore, by using the support column 610, the alkali silicate infiltrating material can be easily infiltrated even with respect to the infiltration target at a high position. In the above-described embodiment, the support column 610 is configured by a three-stage column. However, the support column 610 is not limited to such a configuration, and may be configured to be divided into various stages depending on the height of the permeation target. Can do.

  In the above-described embodiment, the second constant pulley 652 is fixed to the first support column 610a. However, as shown by an arrow in FIG. 11, the second constant pulley 652 is supported by the pulley. The axle 6521 can be configured to be movable forward and backward in the vertical direction with respect to the first support column 610a. According to this modification, even if the permeation target is located obliquely with respect to the ground, the wire W is obtained by extending the pulley shaft 6521 away from (advancing) the first support column 610a. It is possible to avoid the weight 660 suspended on the column 610 from colliding with the column 610. Therefore, the support column 610 is hardly damaged.

(Fifth embodiment)
Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described. Fig.12 (a) is sectional drawing which showed the pressurization type permeation device main body of 5th Embodiment, FIG.12 (b) is sectional drawing in the 12b-12b dashed-dotted line in Fig.12 (a).

  The pressure type infiltration device 900 according to the above-described fourth embodiment performs a pressure operation by the gravity of the weight 660 and uses the support column 610 to infiltrate the alkali silicate infiltration material into the infiltration target at a high position. However, there is a limit to the height at which construction is possible, and if the wall is inclined, there is also a limit to the inclination angle (gradient) from the vertical. The limit of height is about 6 m, and the limit of slope is about 1/5. Therefore, in the pressurizing permeation device 900 according to the fifth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12A, a plurality of pressure shafts 631, 632, 633, a handle 640, and a plurality of pressure shafts 631, A plurality of shaft receivers 621, 622, 623 for supporting 632, 633, a support 670, a first fixed pulley 651 provided on the support 670, a wire W, a plurality of suction cups 711, 712, 713, and a plurality of A connecting shaft body 730 that connects the suction cups 711, 712, and 713, and a combined body 680.

  One end of each of the pressure shafts 631, 632, and 633 is in contact with and fixed to the other main surface of the pressure plate 300. A handle 640 is attached to the other end of the pressure shafts 631, 632, and 633. The shaft receivers 621, 622, and 623 have a semicircular cross-sectional columnar shape, and support the pressure shafts 631, 632, and 633 so as to be slidable in the horizontal direction. The support body 670 has a column shape, and a support body branch 671 is provided in the middle part of the support body 670. The support branch 611a is, for example, a plate-shaped metal body (flat bar) and penetrates the support 670 and is fixed by, for example, welding. Shaft supports 622 and 623 are attached to both ends of the support branch 671, and a shaft receiver 621 is attached to the top of the support 670. Thus, the support 670 is connected to the shaft receiver 621. 622 and 623 are supported. The first constant pulley 651 is provided on the support body 670 and protrudes in the horizontal direction. The second constant pulley 652 is also provided on the support 670 and is located below the first constant pulley 651.

  The wire W connects the handle 640 and the weight 660. That is, one end of the wire W is branched in three directions as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, and each is attached to the handle 640. Various forms of attachment of the wire W branched in three directions to the handle 640 can be used. For example, as described in the fourth embodiment, it is possible to attach with a hook. An intermediate portion of the wire W is wound around the first constant pulley 651 and is also hooked on the second constant pulley 652. A weight 660 is suspended from the other end of the wire W. Various forms of attachment of the wire W to the weight 660 can also be used. For example, as described in the fourth embodiment, attachment with a hook is possible.

  As shown in FIG. 12 (b), the suction cups 711, 712, and 713 are for adsorbing to the concrete 500 to be infiltrated as described later, and these are arranged at equal intervals on the concentric circumference. Yes. As shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, the connecting shaft body 730 is configured by connecting connecting shafts 731 a, 731 b, 731 c, each having a substantially L shape, radially from the central portion 732, and the suction cup 711. 712 and 713 are connected.

  As shown in FIG. 13B, a female groove portion 733 is formed in the center portion 732 of the connecting shaft body 730. In addition, a male groove portion 681 is formed in the combined body 680 provided in the middle part of the support body 670. Then, the male groove portion 681 is fitted into the female groove portion 733, whereby the connecting shaft body 730 and the support body 670 are directly connected.

  Next, an example of a usage mode of the pressure type infiltration device 900 according to the fifth embodiment will be described. First, as shown by an arrow B3 in FIG. 13B, the suction cups 711, 712, and 713 are adsorbed to the concrete 500 that is a permeation target. Next, as shown by arrow B2 in FIG. 13B, the male groove portion 681 is fitted into the female groove portion 733, and the connecting shaft body 730 and the support body 670 are directly connected. Then, as shown in FIG. 13A, the pressure shafts 631, 632, 633 are placed on the shaft receivers 621, 622, 623, respectively, as indicated by the arrow B4. Then, as shown in FIG. 12A, the tip of the wire W branched in the three directions is attached to the handle 640, and the intermediate portion is wound around the first fixed pulley 651 and hung on the second constant pulley 652. The weight 660 is attached to the other end of the wire W. As a result, as shown by an arrow A5 in FIG. 12A, the wire W receives a tension vertically downward by the weight 660, and the wire W wound around the first fixed pulley 651 becomes an arrow A6 in FIG. The handle 640 and the pressure shafts 631, 632, and 633 are moved in the direction indicated by the arrow A7 in FIG. 12A, whereby the pressure plate 300 is pressurized and the bag-like container is pressed. 100 openings 102 are pressed against concrete 500 to be infiltrated. In addition, in the usage mode of the above-mentioned pressurization type permeation apparatus 900, although the pressurization type permeation apparatus 900 was installed in order of B3-> B2-> B4, it is not limited to such a form.

  In the present embodiment, in addition to the effects of the invention according to the first embodiment described above, the pressurizing operation is performed by the gravity of the weight 660 without requiring a pressurizing operation by human power. be able to. Furthermore, in the fifth embodiment, since parts that require weight are not used, the parts are transported and assembled at the work site before they arrive at the work site. A pressurized infiltration device 900 of the form can be used. In addition, there is an advantage that there is basically no restriction on the inclination angle of the concrete surface to be infiltrated. Therefore, it can be suitably applied to upward construction.

  Note that there may be irregularities on the surface of the concrete 500 to be infiltrated, and it is also possible that the suction cups 711, 712, and 713 are difficult to adsorb on the surface to be infiltrated. Therefore, it is also possible to reduce the space inside the suction cups of the suction cups 711, 712, and 713 using a vacuum pump device so that the suction cups 711, 712, and 713 can be easily adsorbed to the permeation target surface.

(Sixth embodiment)
Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a pressure type penetrating device main body according to the sixth embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 14, a pressurized osmosis device 900 according to this embodiment includes a liquid tank 880 that stores an alkali silicate infiltrant, and an introduction path 910 that introduces the alkali silicate infiltrant into the water absorbent 200. And a discharge path 920 for discharging the alkali silicate infiltrating material contained in the water absorbing material 200.

  The introduction path 910 includes a conduit 913, a pump 915, a trifurcated conduit 914, and a flexible hose 912 made of, for example, synthetic rubber. The trifurcated duct 914 has an end portion 914c that is directly connected to the water absorbing material 200, and other end portions 914a and 914b. The hose 912 connects the end 914 a of the trifurcated pipe 914 and the other end of the pipe 913. The length of the hose 912 can be appropriately set according to the situation at the work site. One end of the conduit 913 is immersed in an alkali silicate penetrating material stored in the liquid tank 880. A first valve 911a is provided in the vicinity of the end portion 914a of the three-way pipe 914, and a second valve 911b is provided in the vicinity of the end portion 914b. A fourth valve 911c is provided at the other end of the conduit 913. The pump 915 is attached to a middle position between the fourth valve 911c and the liquid tank 880 in the pipe 913, and sucks the alkali silicate permeating material stored in the liquid tank 880. The fourth valve 911c is a check valve and prevents backflow of the alkali silicate permeating material.

  The discharge path 920 includes a pipe 923, a pipe 924, and a flexible hose 922 made of, for example, synthetic rubber. A third valve 924 is provided near one end of the conduit 924. The hose 922 connects the other end of the pipe 924 and the pipe 923. The length of the hose 922 can also be set as appropriate according to the situation at the work site.

  Next, the usage mode of the pressure type infiltration device 900 according to the sixth embodiment will be described. When the pressurizing plate 300 is pressurized and the alkali silicate permeating material contained in the water absorbing material 200 is permeated into the permeation target, the first valve 911a, the second valve 911b, and the third valve 924 are closed. Yes. Then, once the permeation of the alkali silicate infiltrating material into the permeation target is finished, the third valve 924 is opened while maintaining the fully pressurized state of the pressure plate 300. Thereby, the alkali silicate infiltrating material remaining in the water absorbing material 200 is discharged to the liquid tank 880 via the hose 922. Next, the pressure applied to the pressure plate 300 is set to 0, the water absorbing material 200 is substantially contained in air, and the pressure type infiltration device 900 is installed at the next infiltration target position. Next, the 3rd valve 924 is closed, the 2nd valve 911b is opened, full force is applied again, and the air in the water absorbing material 200 is extracted. Further, the second valve 911b is closed, the applied force is reduced to the initial applied force, and the state is maintained. Here, the initial applied force is to suppress liquid leakage from the thin portion 110 of the bag-like container 100 to an extent that does not hinder when the water absorbing material 200 is filled with the alkali silicate infiltrating material by the pump 915. Is the minimum force applied in advance. Next, the 1st valve 911a is opened, the pump 915 is operated, and the water absorption of an alkali silicate permeable material is started. If it is determined that the water-absorbing material 200 contains a sufficient amount of the alkali silicate penetrating material, the pump 915 is stopped. And after closing the 1st valve 911a, all the pressurizing force is applied to the pressurizing plate 300, and the alkali silicate osmosis | permeation material contained in the water absorbing material 200 is osmose | permeated to the penetration object. The above is one cycle of the usage mode of the pressurized permeation apparatus 900 according to the sixth embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, in addition to the effects of the invention according to the first embodiment described above, the water-absorbing material 200 can be smoothly replenished with the alkali silicate infiltrating material, so that the working efficiency is significantly improved.

(Seventh embodiment)
Next, a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a pressurized penetrating device main body according to the seventh embodiment.

  In the above-described fourth embodiment, the weight 660 is attached to the end of the wire W when performing the permeation work, and the weight 660 is removed from the end of the wire W when the permeation work is completed. Since it has a weight of about 100 kilograms, the attaching and detaching work of the weight 660 may require labor. Therefore, the pressure type infiltration device 900 according to the present embodiment includes a weight support plate 855 that supports the weight 660 and a weight support plate moving unit 895 that freely moves the weight support plate 855 in the vertical direction.

  The weight support plate moving portion 895 includes a groove portion 851 provided in the support column 610, a pair of internal gears 853 and 854 that mesh with the groove portion 851, and a case 852. The weight support plate 855 is attached to the case 852 so as to protrude in the vertical direction. By freely rotating the internal gears 853 and 854, the case 852 moves up and down, and accordingly, the weight support plate 855 also moves up and down. An elastic mat 856 is provided on the upper surface of the weight support plate 855. The material of the elastic mat 856 is not particularly limited, but can be appropriately used as long as it has elasticity that makes the thickness about ３ when the weight 660 is placed. Anti-vibration rubber pads can be used.

  Next, a usage mode of the pressure type infiltration device 900 according to the seventh embodiment will be described. First, when the infiltration operation is not performed, the wire W and the weight 660 are left attached, the weight support plate moving unit 895 is moved upward, the weight 660 is moved upward, and the wire W is loosened. The tension of the wire W is not applied to the handle 640. When performing the permeation work, as shown in FIG. 15, the weight support plate moving portion 895 is moved downward to separate the weight 660 and the weight support plate 856 and apply tension to the wire W. Therefore, the tension of the wire W can be applied to the handle 640 without performing the attaching / detaching operation of the weight 660, and the convenience of the pressure type penetrating device 900 is further improved. Further, since the weight 660 is placed on the elastic mat 856, the tension related to the wire W can be adjusted with a slight difference. For example, in the sixth embodiment described above, when the water-absorbing material 200 is mechanically filled with the alkali silicate penetrating material, it is preferable to provide the initial force just before the filling of the alkali silicate penetrating material. That is, the applied force is not 100% or 0%, but an intermediate few percent is required. Moreover, this applied force of several percent can prevent the leakage of the alkali silicate infiltrating material from the thin portion 110 of the bag-like container 100. Determined by on-site adjustment after visual inspection. According to the configuration according to the present embodiment, such initial applied force can be easily adjusted.

A mechanism for rotating the internal gears 853 and 854 and moving the weight support plate moving portion 895 up and down is not particularly limited, and various mechanisms can be adopted, and an example thereof is shown in FIG. As described above, the external gear 857 coaxial with the internal gear 853, the external gear 858 coaxial with the internal gear 854 and meshing with the external gear 857, the small gear 8571 meshing with the external gear 857, and the rotating lever 859 for rotating the small gear 8571. Can be provided. The weight support plate moving unit 895 is operated by rotating the rotating lever 859 to rotate the small gear 8571, and accordingly the external gears 857 and 858 are rotated, and the internal gears 853 and 854 that are coaxial with them are also rotated. Then, the weight support plate moving part 895 moves up and down. Radius a of the pinion 8571, the radius b of the external gear 857 and 858, the radius c of the internal gear 853 and 854, the length A of the rotating lever 859, the mass Wt of the weight 660, when a force _{F 1} for rotating the rotation lever 859 (It is assumed that b>c> a.) By applying a force F ₁ such that F ₁ × (bA / a)> Wt × c to the rotating lever 859, the weight support plate moving portion 895 can be raised. It is. Even when the weight of the weight 660 is about 100 kilograms, for example, the radius a of the small gear 8571, the radius b of the external gears 857 and 858, the radius c of the internal gears 853 and 854, and the length A of the rotary lever 859 are respectively set. by appropriately designed, it can be raised moving the weight support plate moving unit 895 a force F ₁ at the force of the order of 5 km away. Then, as shown in FIG. 16A, the above-mentioned initial applied force is finely adjusted by finely adjusting the rotation lever 859 while suspending the weight 660 so as to gently contact the elastic mat 856. Can do.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 16B, an angle adjusting arm 891 and an angle adjusting chevron 890 can be provided. The angle adjustment arm 891 is provided with a downward saw-like cut and meshes with the peak portion of the angle adjustment angle portion 890. The lower end of the angle adjustment arm 891 is attached to the weight support plate 855 with a hinge. With this configuration, the weight support plate 855 can be more firmly fixed to the case 852. In addition, the weight support plate 855 can be inclined obliquely at an arbitrary angle by appropriately adjusting and meshing any tooth of the saw-tooth cut of the angle adjustment arm 891 with the peak of the angle adjustment chevron 890. it can. Thereby, even when the application target is inclined with respect to the floor surface, the weight 660 can be appropriately placed on the weight support plate 855.

(Ninth embodiment)
Next, a ninth embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a pressure type penetrating device main body according to the ninth embodiment.

  In the pressure type infiltration device 900 according to the present embodiment, support struts 874 and 875 are erected on a ground support body 871, and a second work place 872 and a third work place 873 are provided on the support struts 874 and 875. . The distance between the ground support 871 and the second work place 872 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 2.0 m to 2.3 m. Further, the distance between the second work place 872 and the third work place 873 is, for example, 2.0 m to 2.3 m. According to this configuration, it is possible to perform permeation work on a concrete wall surface having a height of about 7 m. Therefore, the use of the pressure type infiltration device 900 in the civil engineering field is considered in a wide range, and can be used for various infiltration objects in construction sites such as pier bridges, retaining walls, seawalls, water channels, water tanks, and tunnels. On the other hand, forming a further work place at the height of the third work place 873 or higher increases the falling moment. Therefore, in the construction field, the penetration according to the present embodiment is considered in consideration of physical and human safety aspects at the work site. The work is preferably limited to the second floor or less in a normal building.

(Other embodiments)
[Regeneration of neutralized concrete]
In the above-described embodiment, the alkali silicate infiltrating material is infiltrated for preventing deterioration of concrete, but it can also be used for regeneration of neutralized concrete. When concrete is infiltrated with acid or carbon dioxide, the internal calcium hydroxide is eluted or carbonated, and when the pH becomes 11.5 or less, the coating of the reinforcing bar is destroyed and the corrosion reaction starts. In order to restore the basicity of the neutralized concrete and supplement calcium hydroxide, the following two agents are separately infiltrated as shown in the following formula 2, and calcium hydroxide crystals and What is necessary is just to create the state where a saturated solution coexists.

Since NaOH, Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ , and NaNO ₃ are both water-soluble, the solubility of Ca (OH) ₂ in water is small (0.185 g / 100 cm ³ ). be able to. Conventionally, it means to effectively penetrate into the concrete 2 agents described above did but, NaOH aqueous solution and Ca (NO ₃₎ using pressurized osmosis device 900 according to this embodiment ₂ aqueous solution, a forward longitudinal Then, the basicity of the neutralized concrete can be greatly recovered by infiltrating to a depth exceeding the position of the reinforcing bar.

[Prevention of UV deterioration due to pressure penetration of water repellent]
Silanes and silicones are used as water repellents for concrete. Normally, these water repellents can be applied or penetrated by the spray method, but the penetration depth into concrete is silane and is at most 4 mm. Silicone adheres to the concrete surface and hardly penetrates. . Further, in the application or penetration of the water repellent by the spray method, the penetrating material is wasted. Further, silane-based and silicone-based water repellents are degraded and decomposed by ultraviolet rays and solar heat. Although depending on the external environment, it is usually 3 years if it is fast, and most water repellents have almost no water repellent effect in 5 to 10 years. Therefore, the water-repellent agent can be infiltrated to a depth of 1 cm or more by infiltrating the silane-based or silicone-based water repellent agent into the concrete using the pressure type infiltration device 900 according to the present embodiment. As a result, the influence of external ultraviolet rays or solar heat is remarkably reduced, so that the water repellent material is hardly deteriorated and is not easily decomposed.

In order to investigate the relationship between the penetration into concrete and the hydraulic pressure of a polymer colloid such as an alkali silicate penetrant and a monomolecular or ion dissociable solution such as a calcium nitrate solution, the method shown in FIG. Tested. The hydraulic pressure generated in the pressure permeation apparatus and the liquid column height of the test liquid in this test have a relationship of (W−W _L ) / A = ρH. Here, W is the weight of the weight (g), W _L is compressing the pressure plate is bag-shaped container and water absorbing material itself (a state that does not contain a liquid alkali silicate osmotic material like the water absorbent) Is the opening area (cm ³ ) of the water-absorbing material, H is the height of the liquid column of the test liquid (cm), and ρ is the specific gravity of the test liquid (g / g). cm ³ ). That is, the value obtained by subtracting the force used to compress the bag-like container and the water absorbing material itself from the force applied to the pressure plate, divided by the opening area of the water absorbing material is the pressure applied to the liquid, which is the test liquid Is equal to the height of the liquid column multiplied by its specific gravity. As shown in FIG. 18, a glass funnel 861 with a straight pipe was erected on a concrete standard test body 862. The concrete standard test body 862 had a diameter of 100 mm × 200 mm. The concrete standard test body 862 contained 2.5% by mass of sand and 2.7% by mass of gravel in a weight ratio to cement. The ratio W / C of water (W) to cement (C) was 0.66. The diameter of the maximum opening portion of the conical portion of the glass funnel 861 with a straight tube was 75 mm, and the diameter of the narrow tube portion was 10 mm. Inside the glass funnel 861 with a straight tube, an alkali silicate infiltrating material 863 was sealed. A butyl rubber double-sided adhesive tape 865 is circumferentially bonded to the upper end of the concrete standard test specimen 862, and an adhesive tape 866 is wound circumferentially on the butyl rubber double-sided adhesive tape 865. The upper end of the wound adhesive tape 866 protruded slightly above the upper end of the standard concrete test body 862. A silicon seal 864 was filled between the adhesive tape 866 and the glass funnel 861 with a straight tube. Six concrete standard specimens 862 were prepared from one lot (first lot), and another six from another lot (second lot), for a total of twelve.

Measurement is started at the same time that the test liquid is injected into the glass funnel 861 to a predetermined height H, and the test liquid is constantly replenished so as to maintain the first injected height H. The replenishment amount was measured. As shown in FIG. 18, the height H of the test solution was the height from the maximum opening portion of the conical portion of the glass funnel 861 with a straight tube. The value obtained by dividing the replenishment amount of the test solution by the bottom area of the glass funnel 861 (3.75 cm × 3.75 cm × 3.14 = 44.2 cm ² ) is the total permeation amount per unit area up to the elapsed time become.

  As the test solution, water and an alkali silicate infiltrating material were used. The test solution was mixed with a small amount of potassium chromate as a coloring material in order to split the standard concrete specimen after the test and visually check the penetration depth. Since chromate ions are yellowish brown in themselves, they penetrate with the liquid and color the concrete. Water was tested as a representative of monomolecular or electrolyte aqueous solution, while alkali silicate penetrant was tested as a representative of polymer colloid.

  Using water as the test solution, using six test specimens from the first lot, and increasing the amount of permeation over time for test solution heights H of 2 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, 14 cm, and 20 cm, respectively. Was measured. The result is shown in FIG. When the height H was 2 cm, the permeation rate was clearly low. When the height H is compared with 4 cm and 6 cm, although 4 cm is slightly higher than 6 cm, it is considered that this is due to the variation in the structure inside the concrete standard specimen 862. When the height H was 8 cm or more, a reverse phenomenon was observed in part, but there was almost no difference in the penetration rate.

  Next, using an alkali silicate penetrating material as a test solution, using six test pieces of the second lot, the test solution height H was 8 cm, 14 cm, and 20 cm, respectively. The increase was measured. The test was performed twice, and the average value was taken as the measurement result. The result is shown in FIG. In the alkali silicate infiltrating material, [Si] = 2.0 mol / liter, [Na] / [Si] = 1.5. When the test solution was an alkali silicate infiltrant, the difference in the applied pressure clearly appeared compared to the case where the test solution was water. Further, in the case of the alkali silicate infiltrant, the amount of permeation was further increased as the pressure increased. However, in the case of the alkali silicate penetrating material, the absolute value of the penetrating amount was extremely small as compared with the case of water, and the ratio was also reduced with time. That is, even in the case of an alkali silicate infiltrant with a height H of 20 cm, the ratio of the infiltration amount is about 1/3 in 0.5 hours compared to the case of water with a height H of 8 to 20 cm. It decreased with time, such as about 1/4 in 1 hour, about 1/5 in 2 hours, and about 1/6 in 4 hours. The above experimental results demonstrated how a polymer colloid with a high hydration power, such as an alkali silicate infiltrating material, hardly penetrates into concrete. In order to maintain the effect of suppressing the water absorption of concrete by the alkali silicate infiltrating material, it is desirable to form a gel by combining alkali silicate and calcium ions up to a depth of about 2 cm or more. However, in the normal construction method, that is, application by brush, roller, or spraying by spraying, the adhesion of the liquid to the vertical wall surface is at most about 0.2 mm, and even if the entire amount penetrates, the penetration depth is about 4 mm. Not too much. According to the pressurized permeation apparatus 900 according to the present invention, for example, the above target can be achieved by pressurizing for about 3 hours with the liquid column H = 20 mm. In addition, a monomolecular or ionic dissociative solution such as sodium hydroxide, calcium nitrate, or a silane compound can be easily penetrated more deeply with less hydraulic pressure and pressurization time. Penetration to a depth exceeding the position (60 mm or more) is easy, so that the basicity of the neutralized concrete can be restored, and the effect of the water repellent can be maintained for a very long time. The above examples show that the pressurized infiltration device 900 according to the present invention is extremely useful for infiltrating concrete with a solution of alkali silicate infiltrant and some other useful chemicals. It was.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100: Bag-shaped container 101: Bag bottom part 102: Opening part 110: Thin part 200: Water absorption material 300: Pressurizing plate 310: Pressurizing shaft 320: Handle 411: 1st hinge bearing 412: 2nd hinge bearing 420: Hinge hinge 500: Concrete 610: Post 621: Shaft receiver 622: Shaft receiver 623: Shaft receiver 631: Pressure shaft 632: Pressure shaft 633: Pressure shaft 640: Handle 651: First constant pulley 652: Second constant pulley 660: Weight 670: Support body 680: Combined body 681: Male groove portion 711: Suction cup 712: Suction cup 713: Suction cup 730: Connection shaft body 732: Central portion 733: Female groove portion 851: Groove portion 852: Case 853: Internal gear 854: Internal gear 855 : Weight support plate 856: Elastic mat 857: External gear 858: External teeth 859: Rotating lever 861: Glass funnel with straight pipe 862: Standard concrete specimen 880: Liquid tank 890: Angle adjustment angled part 891: Angle adjustment arm 895: Weight support plate moving part 910: Introduction path 912: Hose 915: Pump 920 : Discharge path 922: Hose 900: Pressurized permeation device

Claims (9)

A bag-like container whose thickness is changed so that the opening edge is bent inward and the edge is thinned toward the opening edge, and the side part is bellows-like and elastically deformed, and the bag-like container A water-absorbing material that absorbs water, is compressed and drains, and is provided at the bag bottom of the bag-like container and has rigidity and is pressurized to reduce the inner volume of the bag-like container. A pressure penetrating device comprising a pressure plate. 2. The pressurized penetrating device according to claim 1, wherein the water absorbing material is a sponge-like porous elastic body. 2. The pressurizing penetrating device according to claim 1, wherein the water-absorbing material is a non-woven structure in which fibers are entangled without being woven or a laminated nonwoven fabric structure in which nonwoven fabrics are laminated. A plurality of first hinge bearings formed at regular intervals so as to project outside the opening of the bag-like container, and a plurality of first hinge bearings formed at regular intervals so as to project on the side surface of the pressure plate. 2. A hinge unit comprising: a hinge unit having two hinge bearings and a plurality of hinge hinges having an opening angle limited to a predetermined value or less and connecting the first hinge bearing and the second hinge bearing. The pressure type permeation device according to any one of 1 to 3. A pressure shaft having one end abutting and fixed to the pressure plate; and a handle provided at the other end of the pressure shaft; and by pressing the handle, the pressure shaft The pressurizing permeation device according to claim 1, wherein pressurizes the pressurizing plate. A plurality of pressure shafts whose one end is in contact with and fixed to the pressure plate, a handle provided at the other end of the plurality of pressure shafts, and the plurality of pressure shafts horizontally. A plurality of shaft receivers of a semicircular cross-section column body slidably supported in a direction, a support column supporting the plurality of shaft receivers, a fixed pulley provided on the support column and projecting in a horizontal direction, and one end portion of which is 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a wire attached to a handle, having an intermediate portion wound around the fixed pulley, and a weight suspended from the other end, and a support base for supporting the support column. The pressure type permeation device according to any one of the above. The pressurized penetrating device according to claim 6, further comprising: a weight support plate that supports the weight; and a weight support plate moving unit that moves the weight support plate in a vertical direction. A plurality of pressure shafts whose one end is in contact with and fixed to the pressure plate, a handle provided at the other end of the plurality of pressure shafts, and the plurality of pressure shafts horizontally. Shaft support of a plurality of semicircular cross-sectional column bodies that are slidably supported in a direction, a support body that supports the plurality of shaft receivers, a fixed pulley that is provided on the support body and protrudes in a horizontal direction, and one end portion Is attached to the handle, the intermediate part is wound around the fixed pulley, and a weight is suspended from the other end, a plurality of suction cups provided at equal intervals on a concentric circumference, and a plurality of connecting shafts 5. A connecting shaft body that is arranged radially from the center of the concentric circles to connect the plurality of suction cups, and a combined body that directly connects the connecting shaft body and the support body. The pressurization type penetration according to any one of Location. The liquid tank for storing a solution, an introduction path for introducing the solution into the water absorbing material, and a discharge path for discharging the solution contained in the water absorbing material. The pressure type permeation apparatus according to Item.

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