RU53837U1 - HAND SEEDER FOR SOWING VEGETABLE CROPS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to manual seeders for the precise sowing of seeds of vegetable and flower crops. The objective of the invention is to reduce the time for readjustment of the seeder when changing the step of planting. The seeder contains a hopper, a mesh disc with an integrated stepper motor, a limiter brush, an ejector, a seed tube, a disc coulter and an electronic control unit. Changing the seeding rate is carried out by means of an electronic control unit, which contains a coulter speed sensor, a signal converter, an arithmetic logic unit, a data input unit, an indication unit, a control signal amplifier. The use of a stepper motor to drive the sowing apparatus allows the seeder to be readjusted to another sowing rate in automatic mode.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular, to manual seeders for precision sowing of seeds of vegetable and flower crops.

Known vegetable seeder WITH - 4,2 described in the book. A.N. Karpenko, V.M.Khalansky "Agricultural Machines" M .: Agropromizdat, 1989, p.143. The seeder contains a hopper, a reel metering device, a seed tube and a disc coulter with flanges.

Also known is a mesh disc meter with a horizontal axis of rotation, described in book. A.N. Karpenko, V.M.Khalansky "Agricultural Machines" M .: Agropromizdat, 1989, p.141. The apparatus contains a cellular disk, a roller limiter and an ejector. Such a machine has a seeder ССТ - 12Б. To change the landing pitch, it is necessary to change the gear ratio of the drive mechanism and replace the disk. To do this, you need to spend time, which is the disadvantage of this seeder.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed seeder is a single-row manual seeder, known according to A.S. USSR No. 1400531, Cl. And 01 C 7/02 for 1986, and selected as a prototype. The seeder contains a hopper, a removable seed disc with cells, a limiter brush. The fit step can be changed by replacing the discs. The seeder has a device that allows you to accelerate the replacement of the seed disk to another. In this case, the disk is located on a hollow shaft, consisting of two mating parts. The connection of the parts of the shaft when replacing the disk is carried out by a pin located inside the shaft.

The disadvantage of this seeder is the need to disassemble the sowing apparatus when switching to another seed rate.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the time for readjustment of the seeder when changing the step of planting.

This is achieved due to the fact that:

one). inside the mesh disk there is a built-in stepper motor running on battery power;

2). stepper motor control is carried out by an electronic unit.

The scheme of a manual seeder for sowing vegetable crops is depicted in figure 1. Figure 2 shows the operation of the control system, for example, for a six-row seeder (you can not publish).

The seeder includes a hopper - 1; cellular disk - 2; stepper motor - 3; limiter brush - 4; ejector - 5; seed tube - 6; disc coulter - 7; opener speed sensor (eg photosensor) - 8; signal converter - 9; arithmetic-logical device - 10; data input unit - 11; display unit - 12; control signal amplifier - 13; the battery is 14.

The seeder works as follows. When sowing, for example, radish, the seeds come from the hopper 1 to the upper part of the cellular disk 2 and, due to the brush limiter 4, are located in the cells one at a time. In the lower part of the cellular disk, the seeds are discharged by the pusher 5 into the vas deferens by breaking the disk coulter 7.

Changing the landing pitch is carried out by the electronic unit. The seeding rate is entered into the database data input unit. When you press the "Start" button, the drill goes from idle to operating mode.

In this mode, pulses from the coulter speed sensor D enter the amplifier P, then to the arithmetic logic unit ALU. Pulses according to a pre-programmed algorithm of operation are fed to the amplifier of the control signal of the stepper motor. The control system is powered by a battery. So

Thus, depending on the speed of the coulter, the stepping frequency of the stepper motor is regulated.

A stepper motor is an electromechanical device that converts a control signal into the angular movement of the rotor with fixing it in a given position. The most suitable for the drive of the mesh disk is a stepper motor with permanent magnets.

Engine design parameters:

- engine power - 1.4 W

- total engine torque - 0.53 Nm

- angle of rotation of the stepper motor - 0.262 rad

- power is supplied from the battery - 6MTS - 9. Stepping motors of the six-row seeder are controlled according to the following principle. The basis of the control system is the DD1 chip (PIC16C57 microcontroller). According to the inherent algorithm, the microcontroller operates in two modes: data input mode and operation mode. In the data entry mode, the keyboard is polled by forming a poll from the terminals of RC4-RC7 of port C. If one of the buttons SB2-SB14 is pressed, the code of this key is sent to the ports. If it is a numerical key or a mode button, then the corresponding variables in the microcontroller program are updated. If the "Reset" button is pressed, the microcontroller goes into the initial state. If this is the "Enter" button, then the microcontroller enters the stroke mode.

In the operating mode, when the SB1 button is pressed, the supply voltage is supplied to the motors M ₁ -M ₆ , the signal from the coulter speed sensor D is pre-amplified by the operational amplifier DD2 to the RBO port of the DD1 chip. In accordance with the information provided, the microcontroller generates a control signal to the motors, which is amplified by transistors VT5-VT7. To put the seeder into idle mode, just lower the SB1 button, as a result of which

the supply voltage to the motors is switched off and the incoming signal from the coulter speed sensor is turned off.

The use of a stepper motor to drive the sowing apparatus allows the seeder to be readjusted to another sowing rate in automatic mode.

Claims (1)

A manual seeder for planting vegetables containing a hopper, a mesh disc, a limiter brush, an ejector, a seed tube and a disc coulter with flanges, characterized in that there is a built-in step electric motor inside the mesh disc, which is controlled by an electronic unit that includes a coulter speed sensor, a signal converter, an arithmetic logic device associated with data input units and an indication unit, as well as with a control signal amplifier for a stepper motor.