RU53376U1 - TRANSPORTABLE POWER PLANT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of energy, more specifically, to portable power plants for the integrated generation of electricity and heat, and can be used to create mini-thermal power plants with capacities from several tens to hundreds of kW for heat and power supply of autonomous consumers not connected to centralized networks, in particular, remote or inaccessible settlements, in geological exploration, etc.

The task to be solved is the creation of an effective and relatively simple transportable power plant (mini-CHP) with a capacity of several tens to hundreds of kW for integrated heat and power supply, mainly for stand-alone consumers, not connected to centralized networks. Additionally, the task is to increase the fuel utilization rate, reliability of energy supply and reduce the cost of energy of local heat supply systems with optimal volumes of electricity and heat production, taking into account daily and seasonal load schedules.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in a transportable power plant containing a power unit loaded on an electric generator, means for selecting and recovering heat from the cooling system, including an external heat exchange circuit, closed to the heat consumer heat exchanger and a control system mounted on a carrier frame with the possibility of transportation, according to a utility model, the external heat exchange circuit of a power plant contains recuperative heat exchangers connected in series, the first water to water , for taking heat from the cooling jacket of the power unit, the second water is oil, for taking heat from the oil system of the unit, the third water is the combustion products, for taking the heat of the exhaust gases, and the tank is the accumulator of heated water, and the circuit includes bypass lines for independently disconnecting the first , a second heat exchanger and a tank - a heated water accumulator, as well as additional bypass lines for disconnecting the standard radiators of the power unit cooling system and the third heat exchanger along the line of combustion products, in addition, externally second heat exchange circuit comprises circulating pumps for feeding the heated water into -akkumulyator tank and the heat exchanger the heat consumer, and the power unit is made based on the power plant diesel engine with low compression ratio for natural gas.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of energy, more specifically, to portable power plants for the integrated generation of electricity and heat, and can be used to create mini-thermal power plants with capacities from several tens to hundreds of kW for heat and power supply of autonomous consumers not connected to centralized networks, in particular, remote or inaccessible settlements, in geological exploration, etc.

Known diesel power plant containing power equipment, a fan and a water-air radiator installed in a container with the possibility of transportation (see RF patent No. 44751, bull. 9, 2005).

The disadvantages of the known installation include the lack of a system for using the heat of flue gases for the purpose of water heat supply to consumers.

The closest technical solution to the proposed one is a portable power plant containing a power unit loaded on an electric generator, means for selecting and recovering heat from the cooling system, including an external heat exchange circuit closed to the heat consumer and a control system mounted on a carrier frame with the possibility of transportation (see Gas piston cogeneration units DEUTZ AG - Germany, production of the Ecoterm software company, http \\ ekotenn.kiew.ua \ kogen.htm - prototype).

The well-known power plant for the combined production of thermal and electric energy is based on a gas piston internal combustion engine and runs on natural gas in a wide range of capacities. The installation contains a power unit, a network water boiler, a peak boiler and other systems for electricity and heat supply to consumers. In the case of electric power from tens to several hundred kW, a transportable or container version of a known power plant is possible. At the same time, it is assumed that the level of consumption of thermal and electric energy is constant during the day and corresponds to the nominal mode of operation of the mini-CHP.

The disadvantages of the known device include a decrease in its effectiveness with uneven daily, seasonal and peak loads.

The task to be solved is the creation of an effective and relatively simple transportable power plant (mini-CHP) with a capacity of several tens to hundreds of kW for integrated heat and power supply, mainly for stand-alone consumers, not connected to centralized networks. Additionally, the task is to increase the fuel utilization rate, reliability of energy supply and reduce the cost of energy of local heat supply systems with optimal volumes of electricity and heat production, taking into account daily and seasonal load schedules.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in a transportable power plant containing a power unit loaded on an electric generator, means for selecting and recovering heat from the cooling system, including an external heat exchange circuit, closed to the heat consumer heat exchanger and a control system mounted on a carrier frame with the possibility of transportation, according to a utility model, the external heat exchange circuit of a power plant contains recuperative heat exchangers connected in series, the first water to water , for taking heat from the cooling jacket of the power unit, the second water is oil, for taking heat from the oil system of the unit, the third water is the combustion products, for taking the heat of the flue gases, and the tank is the accumulator of heated water, and the circuit includes bypass lines for independently disconnecting the first , a second heat exchanger and a tank - a heated water accumulator, as well as additional bypass lines for disconnecting the standard radiators of the power unit cooling system and the third heat exchanger along the line of combustion products, in addition, externally second heat exchange circuit comprises circulating pumps for feeding the heated water into -akkumulyator tank and the heat exchanger the heat consumer, and the power unit is made based on the power plant diesel engine with low compression ratio for natural gas.

This implementation of the power installation allows us to solve the tasks due to the flexible switching system of heat exchangers and the heated water storage tank, taking into account the changing factors and modes of use of thermal and electric energy by a particular consumer.

The power plant, made in accordance with the utility model for the indicated capacities, includes, in addition to the power unit and the electric generator, fairly small-sized heat exchangers and pipe fittings. These components are relatively easy to place on a common base or in a container suitable for transportation to remote autonomous consumers that are not connected to centralized networks.

The efficiency of the proposed power plant and an increase in the fuel utilization coefficient, in comparison with known devices of the same purpose, are ensured at optimal volumes of electric and heat energy generation taking into account daily, peak and seasonal load schedules, that is, in real conditions of energy supply. The reliability of the installation at the same time increases due to the use of units and nodes with significant overhaul life. The choice of power unit is carried out taking into account the guaranteed power supply of power receivers of the main category, hot water supply to the consumer in the non-heating period and partially in the heating season.

Figure 1 presents a schematic diagram of a transportable power plant.

An installation with an electric power of 200 kW contains a power unit 1 loaded on an electric generator 2. Means for taking and recovering heat from the cooling system of a power unit 1 include an external heat exchange circuit 3 closed to a heat exchanger 4 of a heat consumer and a control system (not shown) mounted on a supporting frame (not shown) with the possibility of transporting a power plant. The external heat exchange circuit 3 of the power plant contains sequentially connected recuperative heat exchangers, the first water is water 5, for heat extraction from the cooling jacket of the power unit 1, the second water is oil 6, for heat extraction from the oil system of unit 1, the third water is combustion products 7, for selection heat of the exhaust gases, and the tank is a battery 8 of heated water. In this case, circuit 3 includes bypass lines 9, 10, 11 for independent shutdown, respectively, of the first, second heat exchangers and a tank of heated water accumulator, as well as additional bypass lines 12, 13, 14 for shutting off, respectively, standard radiators of water and oil systems cooling the power unit 1 and the third heat exchanger 7 along the line of combustion products.

The external heat exchange circuit 3 along the water line heated in the heat exchanger 4 of the consumer contains a pressure tank 15. The circulation pumps 16, 17 are designed to supply heated water to the heat exchanger 4 of the consumer and to the battery 8 when operating in a variable load mode. The power unit 1 of the power plant is based on a diesel engine with a reduced compression ratio for working on natural gas. Positions 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 indicate valves, respectively, controlled automatically or manually to change the operating modes of the power plant depending on the conditions of energy consumption. Pos. 24 marked pipe for the removal of gaseous products of combustion.

As a power unit 1 in a portable power plant, a YaMZ-240 diesel engine of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant, converted for use with gas fuel, is used. For use in the proposed power plant in the design of the engine made the following changes. In order to reduce the degree of compression, the design of the head of the cylinder block of gaseous fuel was changed, spark plugs, a controller, ignition coils and shaft position sensors were installed. To supply gas to the air manifold, gas reducers, mixers, dampers and an electromagnetic drive with a control controller and a speed sensor are installed. These changes in the design of the power unit (not shown in the diagram) are necessary to ensure independent operation of the power plant from the supply of liquid fuel. In the proposed embodiment, the installation uses an LSA 46.2 L6 electric generator, the first water-water heat exchanger TP 14-29, the second water-oil heat exchanger TP 14-33, the third water heat exchanger - combustion products TT 52 - 200, the heat consumer heat exchanger BK - 7 - A and circulation pumps with a capacity of 14 and 21 cubic meters \ hour.

The operation of the power plant is as follows.

The power plant of the specified configuration is delivered to the remote consumer’s site by rail or road and then connected to the gas supply system and the existing heat and power networks. The installation is launched at an ambient temperature of at least 8 degrees Celsius. After warming up the power unit 1 without load or with a minimum load of 20 kW, turn on an external heat exchange circuit 3, closed to the heat exchanger 4 of the heat consumer.

The inclusion of circuit 3 is carried out after warming up the power unit 1 to 85 - 90 ° C, after which a full electric load of 200 kW is introduced. After starting the unit 1, the circulation pump 16 is automatically switched on, providing the necessary water flow through the heat exchangers 4,5,6,7. The water heated in the heat exchangers 5,6, depending on the temperature of the unit 1, either enters the inlet of the heat exchanger 7 or through the open valve 19 and the circulation pump 16 to the inlet of the heat exchanger 4. Thus, the operating thermal mode of the unit 1 is ensured in the temperature range 70-95 ° C. When the external circuit 3 overheats, more than 95 ° C, the drive is automatically turned on to close the exhaust gas damper to the heat exchanger 7 and simultaneously to open the bypass damper 14 to discharge the exhaust gases into the pipe 24. The water temperature at the inlet to the heat exchanger 5 should be no more than 70 ° C otherwise, the standard cooling system of the power unit 12, 13 is turned on. At a water temperature at the inlet to the heat exchanger 5 equal to 70 ° C, and when the unit operates with a nominal electric load at a given water flow through the heat exchanger Numbers 4, 5, 6, 7 of the installation, the water of the external circuit 3 is heated to a temperature of 95 ° C. Bypass lines 9, 10, respectively, are designed to disconnect heat exchangers 5 and 6 from the external circuit system 3. Bypass line 11 is used to connect the tank - accumulator 8 in the mode of minimum consumer thermal load, bypass lines 12, 13 are used to connect a standard cooling system unit 1 in case of excess of water temperature in the circuit 3 at the inlet to the heat exchanger 5 more than 70 ° C. External heat exchange circuit 3 along the line of water heated in the heat exchanger 4 of the consumer, contains a pressure tank 15, which ensures uninterrupted supply of feed water to the consumer's water supply system. Circulation pumps 16, 17 provide the supply of heated water to the heat exchanger 4 of the consumer and to the tank - accumulator 8 when operating in the mode of variable loads.

The proposed transportable power plant was developed at the Institute for Optical Optics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and is designed in one of the options for use in a residential village of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences located in the mountains of the Western Caucasus. Currently, the village is supplied with electricity from the sharply deficient network of Karachaevocherkesskenergo, and heat is supplied from the local boiler house using imported liquid fuel. The upcoming conversion of the boiler house to natural gas and the urgent need to improve the reliability of the village’s energy supply have led to the creation of the proposed transportable energy installation for the specified parameters.

Claims (1)

A transportable power plant comprising a power unit loaded onto an electric generator, means for taking and recovering heat from the cooling system, including an external heat exchange circuit closed to a heat consumer heat exchanger and a control system mounted on a support frame with the possibility of transportation, characterized in that the external heat exchange circuit of the power plant contains recuperative heat exchangers connected in series, the first water is water, for heat extraction from the cooling jacket of the power unit one, the second water is oil, for taking heat from the oil system of the unit, the third water is the combustion products, for taking the heat of the flue gases, and the tank is a hot water accumulator, and the circuit includes bypass lines for independent shutdown of the first, second heat exchangers and the tank - heated battery water, as well as additional bypass lines to disconnect the standard radiators of the cooling system of the power unit and the third heat exchanger along the line of combustion products, in addition, the external heat exchange circuit contains circulation pumps for supplying heated water to the storage tank and to the heat consumer heat exchanger, and the power unit of the power plant is based on a diesel engine with a reduced compression ratio for working on natural gas.