RU2163684C1 - Off-line heat-and-power cogeneration plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: thermal engineering; heat and power generation for stationary and mobile users. SUBSTANCE: plant that functions to convert direct-cycle energy of internal-combustion or Stirling engines into electrical energy has engine 1 that functions to produce useful energy converted into electricity by means of generator 4 both mounted on common shaft. Engine cooling circuit 17 communicates through heat-transfer apparatus 12 with external heat supply system. Water arriving from return main 11 is partially conveyed to steam generator 5 that passes exhaust-gas main 2 and partially to steam-water heater- pump unit 6. High-pressure steam goes from steam generator 5 to steam-water heater-pump unit 6 wherein it is mixed up with water coming from line 15 to produce high-pressure and high-temperature water. Hot water is delivered under this high pressure over main 10 to external heat loads 8 and then water circulates through mains 11, 13, and 15. Control valves 14, 16 are provided to control water flow and its direction. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency, reduced mass and size of plant. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of power engineering and direct-cycle energy converters (for example, internal combustion engines, Stirling engines) and is intended as stand-alone power plants for stationary and mobile objects while generating electricity and heat.

 Known is a combined installation based on a Stirling engine with an electric generator on one shaft, fuel supply lines and a heat exchanger for heating the liquid through which the high-temperature exhaust gases of the Stirling engine pass, while the heated liquid is transferred to external pipelines (application EPO N 0457399. The journal “The invention of countries World ", Issue B-65, N 5, 1993, p. 13). However, this installation has a complex system for co-cooling the engine and generator, and it is also not designed to generate steam.

 A device is known for a power plant containing an internal combustion engine (ICE) with a power consumer shaft through a coupler and a waste steam turbine installation with a working fluid circulation circuit including a steam turbine, a condenser, a feed pump, a steam generator located in the ICE high-temperature exhaust gas discharge line (automatic St. N 1677360. BI N 34 from 04/15/91, p. 141-142). However, this device is not intended to generate thermal energy for heat supply to external consumers.

 A device for a steam-water pump-heater (PNP), designed for use in various industrial technologies using steam, combining the functions of a heater and a pump at the same time. The use of PPS allows you to significantly reduce energy consumption for your own needs and to reduce the weight and size characteristics of heat exchangers (Petersburg Energy / newspaper /, N 5, (11), 05.25.99). However, previously a steam-water pump-heater was not used in cogeneration units.

 A device is known for a cogeneration unit designed to simultaneously produce electricity and heat, including an internal combustion engine with an electric generator on one shaft, a fuel supply line, an engine cooling circuit, a heating circuit (heat supply system with heat consumers), a heat exchanger system that transfers heat to the cooling engine fluid and high-temperature exhaust gases into the heating circuit, and the control panel ("Construction Review" // Quality Journal //, St. Petersburg. N 5 (32), May-June 1999, p. 16-17). However, this device does not imply the production of steam and its use to reduce energy consumption for own needs.

 The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to increase the efficiency of the installation by reducing energy consumption for their own needs and reducing the overall dimensions of the combined installation.

 To achieve this technical result, an autonomous combined installation for the simultaneous production of electricity and heat, including a direct cycle converter (for example, an internal combustion engine or a Stirling engine) with an electric generator on one shaft, a fuel supply line, a heat exchanger-heat exchanger of high-temperature exhaust gases of the engine, through which the engine exhaust gas duct passes, the engine cooling circuit connected through a heat exchanger to an external system about heat supply, it is equipped with a heat exchanger-utilizer of high-temperature exhaust gases of the engine, made in the form of a steam generator, a steam-water heater pump and a heat exchanger-utilizer of low-temperature exhaust gases of the engine, as well as a closed heating system that transfers heat from the engine to heat consumers and consists of a high-pressure steam pipeline pressure going from the steam generator to the steam-water pump-heater, a line of hot water going from the steam-water pump-heater to heat consumers, a chilled water return line with a heat exchanger coming from heat consumers and dividing into a line with a control valve going to the steam generator, and a line with a control valve and a heat exchanger-utilizer of low-temperature engine exhaust going to the steam-water heating pump, when In this case, the chilled water return line is connected to the engine cooling circuit through a heat exchanger, and the exhaust gas line of the engine sequentially passes first through steam generator, a heat exchanger and then through the low-temperature waste heat of exhaust gases.

 Introduction to the composition of an autonomous combined installation for the simultaneous production of electricity and heat from a heat exchanger-utilizer of high-temperature engine exhaust, made in the form of a steam generator, a steam-water heating pump and heat exchanger-utilizer of low-temperature engine exhaust, as well as a closed system of highways with control valves, providing heat transfer from the engine to heat consumers, allows you to get a new property, which consists in the ability to mpleksnogo use of residual heat of exhaust gases of the engine and the heat of the engine cooling circuit for heating the external heat consumer and generating high pressure steam for the purpose of its further use for the replacement network pumps and heat exchangers in the heating system.

 The drawing shows an autonomous combined installation for the simultaneous production of electricity and heat.

 An autonomous combined installation includes a direct cycle converter (for example, an internal combustion engine) 1 with an exhaust gas line 2 and a cooling jacket 3, an electric generator 4 located on the same shaft as engine 1, and a heat exchanger-heat utilizer of heat of high-temperature exhaust gases made in the form of a steam generator 5, steam-water pump-heater 6, heat exchanger-utilizer of low-temperature exhaust gases 7, heat consumers 8, as well as a closed system of highways, consisting of a main and high pressure 9, going from the steam generator 5 to the steam-water pump-heater 6, the hot water line 10, coming from the steam-water pump-heater 6, to the heat consumers 8, the return pipe of chilled water 11 with the heat exchanger 12, coming from the heat consumers 8 and divided into line 13 with a control valve 14 going to the steam generator 5, and line 15 with a control valve 16 and a heat exchanger-utilizer of low-temperature exhaust gases 7, going to the steam-water heating pump 6, cooling circuit 17 of the engine 1, pass dyaschy through the jacket 3, a pump 18 connected to the pipeline 11 via the heat exchanger 12. The line 2 of the engine exhaust gas 1 passes successively through a first steam generator 5 and then through the heat exchanger, low temperature heat recovery of exhaust gases 7.

 Autonomous combined installation for the simultaneous production of electricity and heat works as follows.

 During operation, engine 1 produces useful energy that is converted into electrical energy by means of an electric generator 4 located on the same shaft as engine 1. To cool engine 1, water is supplied from cooling circuit 17 to cooling jacket 3 through pump 18. After cooling engine 1, the heated cooling the liquid from the cooling jacket 3 enters the heat exchanger 12, where it is cooled by heat exchange with return water from an external heat supply system. Returning chilled water through line 11 from consumers 8, passing through heat exchanger 12, is divided into line 13, which goes to the steam generator 5 to produce high pressure steam due to heat exchange with high-temperature exhaust gases coming from engine 1 through line 2, and line 15 going through a heat exchanger-utilizer 7, where the water is additionally heated by the residual heat of the low-temperature exhaust gases coming from the steam generator 5 to the steam-water pump-heater 6. At the same time, from the steam generator 5 Ali 9 receives high pressure steam.

In the steam-water pump-heater 6 due to the special design and the effect of mixing two-phase vapor-liquid media, there is an increase in pressure, intensive mixing of steam and water and the subsequent receipt of hot water with high temperature (up to 100 ^o C) and pressure. Due to this pressure, hot water is supplied via line 10 to external heat consumers 8 and further water circulation in lines 11, 13, 15.

 To control the direction and flow of water along the highways, control valves 14, 16 are provided.

Sources of information
1. Application EPO N 0457399. The abstract journal "Invention of the World", issue B-65, N 5, 1993, p. 13.

 2. Auth. St. N 1677360. BI N 34 from 04/15/91, p. 141-142.

 3. "Energy of St. Petersburg" // newspaper //, N 5 (11) from 05.25.99

 4. "Construction Review" // Journal of Quality //, St. Petersburg, N 5 (32), May-June 1999, pp. 16-17 - prototype.

Claims (1)

 An autonomous combined installation for the simultaneous production of electricity and heat, including a direct cycle converter (for example, an internal combustion engine or a Stirling engine) with an electric generator on one shaft, a fuel supply line, a heat exchanger-heat utilizer of high-temperature exhaust gases of the engine through which the exhaust gas pipeline passes engine gases, an engine cooling circuit connected through a heat exchanger to an external heat supply system, characterized in that on a heat exchanger-utilizer of high-temperature exhaust gases of the engine, made in the form of a steam generator, a steam-water heater pump and a heat exchanger-utilizer of low-temperature exhaust gases of the engine, as well as a closed heat supply system that transfers heat from the engine to heat consumers and consists of a high-pressure steam line going from a steam generator to a steam-water pump-heater, a hot water line going from a steam-water pump-heater to consumers ashes, chilled water return lines with a heat exchanger coming from heat consumers and divided into a line with a control valve going to the steam generator, and a line with a control valve and a heat exchanger-utilizer of low-temperature engine exhaust going to the steam-water heating pump, while the return line chilled water is connected to the engine cooling circuit through a heat exchanger, and the exhaust gas line of the engine sequentially passes first through a steam generator, and then through Without a heat exchanger-utilizer of low-temperature exhaust gases.