RU51681U1 - WATER ENGINE - Google Patents

Abstract

A water engine refers to energy, it allows you to convert the potential energy of water, when the working fluid filled by it falls into mechanical energy, which can be used directly or by its subsequent conversion into electric energy in various sectors of the economy. The objective of the proposed utility model is to increase the energy efficiency of the engine in different mining and hydrogeological conditions in wells by making better use of the gravitational energy potential with a large difference in the depths of the position of the aquifer and the permeable absorption interval. Figure 1 as an example schematically shows the device and principle of operation of the proposed water engine. Figure 2 shows a simplified kinematic diagram of a converter for alternating reverse rotation of input shafts (reciprocating motion of pistons) into rotational motion of the output shaft. The advantage of the proposed water engine is higher energy efficiency indicators of its operation in wider mining hydrogeological conditions, including lower specific water consumption, greater developed power in different hydrogeological conditions, ceteris paribus. The application of the proposed water engine allows you to expand the range of non-traditional renewable energy sources (NEE) - means of "small" energy, using non-traditional, including renewable resources - groundwater in the natural conditions of their existence, as well as the water of surface water bodies. Subject to the conditions when the water flow during engine operation does not exceed natural replenishment, depletion of groundwater in this

an aquifer does not occur, its hydrostatic pressure is maintained, and the engine can run indefinitely. Another advantage of the engine when it is powered from an aquifer and used as a source of electricity in comparison with river mini-hydroelectric power plants is the possibility of trouble-free operation all year round in areas with sharply continental climates, in particular at low temperatures, at which the rivers freeze, as used it has a working fluid - groundwater does not freeze.

Description

The utility model relates to gravitational engines, the principle of which provides for the conversion of the potential energy of the working medium, for example water, when it falls or the working fluid filled with it into mechanical energy, and can be used in various sectors of the economy.

The device will allow expanding the range of non-traditional renewable energy sources (NEE) - small-scale energy sources using non-traditional, primarily renewable resources - natural, natural and artificial reservoirs, including groundwater, as well as rivers with small streams.

A device for shock-rope drilling (Shamshev F.A. et al. Technology and technique for exploratory drilling. Third edition, M., Nedra, 1983, pp. 464-469 [1]), including a motor, a reversible winch drive with a rope to which an impact projectile is attached with an instrument located in the well. In the device, a percussion projectile with a tool periodically rises in the well above the bottom to a certain height and subsequently drops, the latter falls under the influence of its weight. The potential energy goes into kinetic energy and when the tool hits the bottom of the well, work is done. For the operation of the device, energy is supplied from outside. The device does not allow to continuously receive energy.

The closest technical solution selected as a prototype is a water engine according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2224134 "Water engine". M. cl. F 03 C 1/02, publ. bull. No. 5 February 20, 2004 [2].

The water engine includes a feed tank, a crankshaft with a flywheel and bearings of the main bearings, connecting rods, piston, working chambers, cylinder liners located below the crankshaft. Between the piston and the cylinder liner there is a gap without sealing. Water

the engine is equipped with intake and exhaust valves, a switchgear interacting with the intake and exhaust valves, a guide rod with a guide sleeve. The piston is equipped with a bracket, made hollow and equipped with overflow valves that operate in its lower and upper positions. Parts located below the crankshaft are installed in a mine, for example, a borehole, crossing a permeable absorption interval with two coaxial casing pipes of a larger and smaller diameter installed in it. The feeding capacity is formed by an annular volume between the casing strings and in communication with a renewable water source, for example, with an underground aquifer. Such sources can be surface waters of natural and artificial origin - a river, a lake, a reservoir, storage tanks for sewage and industrial water, etc. The working chamber is formed by the volume of a casing of a smaller diameter, in which an inlet valve is installed, an outlet valve is installed in the well below the working chamber . Below the casing strings is a well-permeable absorbing gap intersected by the well.

A disadvantage of the known engine is that when it is "fed" from an underground aquifer, the efficiency of its use is limited by certain mountain and hydrogeological conditions. Moreover, with a deep position of the aquifer and its static and dynamic levels, engine inefficiency is explained by the large geometrical dimensions of the rod, the length of which should reach tens of meters, and, as a consequence, the elements of the crank mechanism. The large geometric dimensions are associated with the emerging forces of resistance to its movement due to the characteristic large friction forces, the moment of inertia. These forces reduce the forces initiating the movement of the piston during engine operation, and, as a result, reduce (worsen) energy efficiency, for example, developed

power under identical other conditions. In practice, the implementation of such dimensions of the crank mechanism is technically and economically impractical.

In addition, the disadvantage of the known engine is that with a large difference in the depths of the position of the aquifer and the permeable absorbing interval, the gravitational potential of the “feeding” (aquifer) water determined by it is not fully utilized.

The difference in the depths of the position of the aquifer and the permeable absorbing interval can be tens or more meters.

Theoretically, it is advisable to use the gravitational component of the working stroke (due to gravity) over the entire interval from the aquifer to the permeable absorbing interval. The potential energy of a piston filled with water can be determined from the expression:

Wп = mgh, where

Wп - potential energy of the piston, J;

m is the mass of the piston, kg;

g is the acceleration of gravity, m / s ² ;

h - the height of the piston (the difference between the positions of the depths of the aquifer and the permeable absorbing horizon), m

In this case, the engine stroke can be up to several tens of meters or more. Taking into account the provisions of the theory of mechanisms and machines, as well as the above arguments about the increasing resistance forces that counteract the forces initiating the movement, the use of a crank transducer with large piston strokes is, in practice, both technically and economically impractical and difficult to implement. This explains the impossibility of realizing the gravitational energy potential of the “feed” water using the well-known engine in the indicated downhole conditions.

The objective of the proposed utility model is to increase the energy efficiency of the engine in different mining and hydrogeological conditions in wells by making better use of the gravitational energy potential with a large difference in the depths of the position of the aquifer and the permeable absorption interval.

The task is achieved as follows. A water engine containing a feed tank, a reciprocating piston to a rotational motion of the output shaft with a flywheel mounted on it, a first working group including a hollow piston with an exhaust valve operating in its lower position, a working cylinder liner located below the transducer translational motion of the piston in the rotational motion of the output shaft. In this case, between the piston and the cylinder liner there is a gap without sealing, as well as a valve with a control device, for example, a cam mounted on the piston, inlet and outlet channels, and parts located below the transducer for translating the piston into rotational motion of the output shaft are installed in the mine , for example, a borehole crossing a permeable absorption interval, with two coaxial casing pipes of a larger and smaller diameter installed in it. The feed tank is formed by an annular volume between the casing strings and in communication with a water source, for example, an underground aquifer, and the working chamber is formed by the volume of a smaller casing strings. In this case, the permeable absorbing interval intersected by the well is located below the casing of a smaller diameter. Additionally, the engine is equipped with a second working group similar to the first. The supply channels are designed to ensure that the feed tank communicates with the piston cavity and is filled with water by gravity in their upper position, and the pistons are interconnected by a rope covering two pulleys installed

by means of single-acting couplings, for example overrunning couplings, on the input shafts of a converter, for example a gearbox or a multiplier, alternating reverse rotation of the input shafts into one-way rotation of the output shaft.

Figure 1 as an example schematically shows the device and principle of operation of the proposed water engine. Figure 2 shows a simplified kinematic diagram of the Converter alternating reverse rotation of the input shafts (reciprocating motion of the pistons) in the rotational motion of the output shaft, and subsequently the Converter.

Downhole water engine contains: 1, 1 '- nutrient capacity; 2 - aquifer underground zone; 3, 3 '- inlet valves of the first and second working groups, respectively (in the subsequent designation with a dash means the element of the same name relating to the second working group); 4, 4 '- sleeves; 5, 5 '- pistons; 6 - rope; 7, 7 '- pulleys; 8, 8 '- single acting couplings; 9 - a converter for alternating reverse rotation of the input shafts into a rotational movement of the output shaft, and subsequently a converter; 10, 10 '- inlet cams; 11, 11 '- exhaust valves of the pistons; 12, 12 '- stops exhaust pistons; 13, 13 '- output channels; 14 - permeable absorption interval; 15, 15 '- intermediate gears of the first and second working groups, respectively; 16, 16 '- output couplings of single acting reversible gearbox (multiplier); 17 - the output gear with the output shaft; 18 - flywheel; 19 - output shaft; 20 - air cap; 21 - fitting; 22 - an intermediate pulley roller.

The water engine operates as follows. The feed tanks 1 and 1 'are filled with water from an underground aquifer 2 through filters installed in a larger diameter casing. One of the engine pistons, for example, piston 5 is brought to its top dead center (TDC) - the position is shown in figure 1 (piston lead

produced using an auxiliary device incl. manual, which is not shown in figure 1). In this case, the piston 5 ′ connected to it is installed at its bottom dead center (BDC). In this state of the engine, the piston 5 with the cam 10 installed on it opens the inlet valve 3 and water from the supply tank 1 enters the piston cavity 5, and the exhaust valve 11 'of the piston 5' interacts with the stop 12 ', opens and water from the piston 5' flows out the borehole 13 'and further into the permeable absorbing interval 14. The piston cavity 5 is filled with water, and the piston cavity 5' is freed from water, while the weight P _{1 of the} piston 5 increases and the weight P _{2 of the} piston 5 'decreases. After completion of the filling-outflow process, due to the excess of P ₁ > P _{2, the} piston 5 begins to move downward, while the piston 5 'moves up. When the piston 5 moves down and the piston 5 'up, the movement of the rope 6 causes the pulleys 7 and 7' to rotate counterclockwise. The pulleys 7 and 7 'are coupled to the shafts by means of single-acting clutches, for example overrunning clutches, installed so that when the cable moves in each direction, one of the overrunning clutches is activated. When the piston 5 moves downward, the rotation is transmitted from the pulley 7 by means of the overrunning clutch 8 to the input shaft of the block 7. The input shaft of the pulley 7 is rotated by the gears 15 and 17 (Fig. 2) installed in the converter for alternating reverse rotation of the input shafts into the rotational movement of the output shaft 9 , is transmitted to its output shaft 19 on which the flywheel is mounted 18. When the piston 5 reaches its BDC, its exhaust valve 11 interacts with the stop 12 installed in the well and opens, and the piston 5 'reaches its TDC, while being installed Cam 10 'opens the intake valve 3' on it. With this position of the pistons, water flows out of the piston cavity 5, and the piston cavity 5 'is filled with water. After completion of the filling-outflow processes, due to the excess of weight P ₂ > P ₁ , the piston 5 'starts to move down, while the piston 5 connected to it by the rope 6 starts to move up. When the piston moves

5 'down, and the piston 5 upward movement of the rope causes the rotation of the pulleys 7 and 7' in a clockwise direction. With this direction of movement of the rope, the rotation of the pulley 7 'by means of the overrunning clutch 8' is transmitted to the input shaft of the pulley 7 '. The rotation of the input shaft of the pulley 7 'by means of gears 15' and 17 is transmitted to the output shaft 19. Subsequently, the engine cycle is repeated.

Thus, in the system of two pistons interconnected by a rope, under the action of gravitational forces of pistons alternately filled with water, their periodic down-up movements are established. The power developed in such a dynamic system is initially determined by the force in the rope and the linear speed of its movement, and on the output shaft - taking into account the reversible transmission system of the gear (multiplier) type.

In the gearbox (multiplier) of the converter 9, output single-acting couplings 16 and 16 'are additionally installed. The use of these couplings in the engine eliminates idle rotation of the gear 15 when transmitting rotation from the pulley 7 'to the output gear 17, and also eliminates idle rotation of the input shaft of the pulley 7' when transmitting rotation from the pulley 7 'by means of gear 15 of the output gear 17.

The engine is stopped using compressed air, for example, accumulated in a cylinder (not shown in FIG. 1). With a hose, the cylinder with the valve is connected to the nozzle 21. To stop the engine, the cylinder is connected to the nozzle 21 and the compressed air enters the annular volume above the liquid level - the air cap 20. As the pressure in the air cap increases, the level in the liquid in the annular volume begins to move down, and air cap volume - increase. When the liquid level is below the inlet valve 3 ', the possibility of water from the annular volume and 1' in

the piston cavity 5 'at the next achievement of the TDC. The engine stops.

In the proposed engine, the piston stroke 5 (5 ') from TDC to BDC is the distance (S _svd ) from the aquifer to the permeable absorption interval, which can be tens or more meters and many times exceeds the piston stroke (S _vd ) of the crank mechanism water engine prototype. With equal volumes of piston cavities, the work performed by an equal volume of water during the working stroke of the piston (A _svd ) in the proposed engine A _svd = R _G * S _cvd can significantly exceed the work (A _sd ) performed during the working stroke of the piston in the prototype A _vd = R _G * S _tm, i.e. A _SVD »A _tm, because S _SVD »S _tm. The following notation is used in the formulas:

R _G is the gravitational force, determined by the gravity of the piston filled with water in the air, kg * m / s ² (in order to simplify, the resistance forces to the movement of the pistons, which are also valid in the prototype, were missed);

R _G = m * g, where

m is the mass of the piston with water, kg;

g - acceleration of gravity, m / s ² .

The gravitational potential determined by the difference in the depths of the position of the aquifer and the absorbing permeable interval in the proposed water engine is fully realized.

At the same time, the specific consumption of water, which is its consumption per unit of work and is an indicator of energy efficiency (energy efficiency) [3] of the proposed water engine is significantly lower (better) than the prototype, in conditions of a large difference in the depths of the position of the aquifer and permeable absorbing horizon.

The design and principle of operation of the proposed water engine eliminates the unevenness of each of the alternating initiating

forces acting on the piston. This is explained by the identity of the conditions of their formation.

There are other possible options for feeding the well water engine with water, for example, when the nutrient tank is represented by water bodies of natural or artificial origin located above the wellhead, including technical hydraulic systems.

The advantage of our technical solution compared to a water engine, adopted as a prototype, are higher energy efficiency indicators of its work in wider mining hydrogeological conditions, including lower specific water consumption (water consumption per unit of work), a large developed power in different hydrogeological conditions, ceteris paribus conditions.

The engine can be used to provide power as a converting power element in the source of electrical energy by connecting its output shaft (with the flywheel) with an electric generator.

The application of the proposed water engine allows you to expand the range of renewable energy sources - means of "small" energy, using non-traditional, including renewable resources - groundwater in the natural conditions of their existence. Under the condition that the water flow during engine operation does not exceed natural replenishment, there is no depletion of groundwater in a given aquifer, its hydrostatic pressure is maintained, and the engine can operate indefinitely. Another advantage of the engine when it is powered from an aquifer and used as a source of electricity in comparison with river mini-hydroelectric power plants is the possibility of operating it year-round in areas with a sharply continental climate, in particular at low temperatures at which rivers

freeze, because the working fluid used in it - underground water does not freeze.

With other options for supplying the engine with water from its sources of natural origin located above the day surface (river, lake, etc.), the use of the engine allows the implementation of a renewable non-traditional source of electricity. When powering the engine from sources of artificial origin (technical hydraulic systems), including sewage, the use of an engine can realize their gravitational potential by generating electricity. At the same time, water that has fulfilled its functions in technical hydraulic systems is a secondary energy resource.

When using the proposed engine as an energy source, the effect of energy saving is achieved in comparison with the use of traditional energy sources and energy supply schemes.

Sources of information taken into account

1. Shamshev F.A. and other Technology and engineering exploratory drilling. Ed. 3rd, M., Nedra, 1983, pp. 464-469).

2. RF patent No. 2224134 "Water engine". M. cl. F 03 C 1/02, F 03 B 29/08, F 03 B 17/00, publ. bull. No. 5 02/20/2004, the prototype.

3. GOST R 51541-99. Energy saving. Energy efficiency. The composition of indicators. General Provisions M., "Publishing house of standards", 1998

Claims (1)

A water engine containing a feed tank, a reciprocating piston to a rotational motion of the output shaft with a flywheel mounted on it, a first working group including a hollow piston with an exhaust valve operating in its lower position, a working cylinder liner located below the transducer movement of the piston into the rotational movement of the output shaft, while there is a gap without sealing between the piston and the cylinder liner, as well as a valve with a control device, for example er, a cam mounted on the piston, inlet and outlet channels, and the details located below the Converter reciprocating motion of the piston in the rotational movement of the output shaft are installed in a mine, for example, a borehole crossing a permeable absorption interval with two coaxial casing strings of larger and smaller diameters, while the feed tank is formed by an annular volume between the casing strings and in communication with a water source, for example, the aquifer, and the working chamber is formed by the volume of the casing of a smaller diameter, and the permeable absorbing interval intersected by the borehole is located below the casing, characterized in that it is equipped with a second working group similar to the first, the supply channels are made to ensure that the feed tank communicates with the piston cavity and they are filled with water by gravity in the upper position of the pistons, and the pistons are interconnected by a rope covering two blocks installed by means of single couplings external action, for example, overtaking on the input shafts of the reciprocating piston in the rotational movement of the output shaft, which is a two-input reversing gearbox, or a multiplier.