RU51641U1 - WORKING EQUIPMENT OF THE BULDOSER WITH A TURNING DUMP - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering and can be used to clear roads in winter, prepare sites for storing composts and lime, make passages in fields with snow cover when liming acidic soils, and also for various other excavation works in rural and land reclamation construction .

What is new in the utility model is that the working equipment of a bulldozer with a rotary blade, consisting of a base tractor (BT) with a bulldozer equipment (BO), containing a blade (O) of a box-shaped design with a curved profile with a visor and replaceable and cutting knives, draft joints ( US), a universal frame (UR) of a rectangular cross section of a horseshoe-shaped structure, connected by a ball head with O and hinged by the rear ends to the US, pushing beams with screw braces of a tubular section, connected by front ends when cabins for crosses with O and opposite pivots with UR, two double-acting hydraulic cylinders (GC) suspended on the power cable BT and pivotally connected by rods to the UR, BO is equipped with only one GC mounted on a bracket rigidly fixed to the front beam of the BT half frame, and the UR is hung with forks on the cylindrical trunnions of the transverse beam, which has support braces and is attached to the side members of the front half frame of the BT, equipped with an additional ballast capacity at the rear.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to agricultural engineering and can be used to clear roads in winter, prepare sites for storing composts and lime, make passes in fields with snow cover when liming acidic soils, and also for various other excavation works in rural and land reclamation construction .

Known bulldozer with fixed blade, consisting of a base tractor and bulldozer equipment containing a blade with a cutting knife, a transverse bracket with pins, two pushing beams with supporting skis, rigidly connected at one end with a blade, and the other pivotally on the pins of the transverse bracket, a double hydraulic cylinder action, placed on the frame and connected by a rod articulated with the blade / 1 /.

This bulldozer equipment with fixed blade and rigid fastening of the push beams is simple in design and reliable. However, bulldozer equipment with rigid fastening of the blade to the pushing beams is widely used only on light bulldozers and, accordingly, its operational capabilities when clearing roads from snow in winter, making passes in fields in winter for liming acidic soils and snow keeping in order to accumulate moisture, as well as other excavation and land reclamation are significantly limited.

Closest to the technical solution and the achieved result, the proposed utility model includes the working equipment of a bulldozer with a rotary blade, consisting of a base tractor with a bulldozer equipment containing a box-shaped blade of a curved profile with a visor and replaceable cutting knives,

harness hinges, a universal frame of rectangular cross section of a horseshoe-shaped structure, connected by a ball head with a blade and hinged by the rear ends to harness hinges pushing the bars with screw braces of a tubular section, connected by the front ends with crosses with a blade, and the opposite with pivots with a universal frame, two hydraulic cylinders double action, suspended on the power cable of the base tractor and pivotally connected by rods with a universal frame / 2 / - prototype.

Known bulldozer equipment with hinged mounting of the rotary blade to the universal frame is versatile and has great operational capabilities, since its working body can be installed in plan directly or at an angle to the left or right along the direction of the machine.

However, the presence of two double-acting hydraulic cylinders mounted on the power cable of the tractor complicates the design and installation of the bulldozer equipment, narrows its functionality with other, namely wheeled tractors.

The connection of the universal frame with the tractor through the hemispherical link hinges significantly reduces the coefficient of unification, increases the complexity of the assembly and maintenance, requires complex and expensive equipment for repair.

The essence of the proposed utility model consists in the fact that the known working equipment of a bulldozer with a rotary blade, consisting of a base tractor with a bulldozer equipment containing a box-shaped blade with a visor and adjacent cutting knives, drawbar hinges, a universal frame of a rectangular cross-section of a horseshoe-shaped construction, connected a ball head with a blade and hinged by the rear ends on the yoke hinges pushing the bars with screw braces of a tubular section, is connected front ends with

crosses with a blade and opposite pivots with a universal frame, two double-acting hydraulic cylinders suspended on the power cable of the base tractor and articulated by rods with a universal frame, the bulldozer equipment is equipped with only one double-acting hydraulic cylinder mounted pivotally on the half-frame of the basic rigidly fixed to the front beam the tractor bracket, and the universal frame is hung with forks on the cylindrical trunnions of the transverse beam, which has supporting braces and reinforced to the side members of the front half frame of the base tractor, equipped with an additional ballast capacity at the rear.

As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

The supply of bulldozer equipment with only one double-acting hydraulic cylinder simplifies its design and installation on the base tractor, and also reduces the unit costs of manufacturing, maintenance and repair.

The bulldozer equipment equipped for mounting a double-acting hydraulic cylinder with a bracket, as well as a transverse beam fixed to the transverse beam and side members of the front tractor base frame, respectively, has uniqueness (it can be used with different brands of wheeled tractors), manufacturability and assembly capabilities and great operational capabilities.

By supplying a universal frame with forked supports mounted on cylindrical trunnions of the transverse beam, the design, manufacture and installation are simplified, and the possibility of repairing this equipment in a farm using simple and inexpensive equipment is achieved.

The additional supply of the cross beam with support braces fixed to the side members of the front half frame of the base tractor prevents its displacement in the longitudinal direction, which ensures more stable fastening of the bulldozer equipment to the base tractor, necessary to increase its service life.

Equipping the base tractor with an additional ballast tank located on its rear half frame provides the best grip of the wheels with the ground necessary for the bulldozer to work effectively, especially when performing earthmoving and land reclamation works.

As a result, when the proposed device is operating, a positive effect is achieved that exceeds the effect of the prototype. A new set of features of the claimed device, providing a positive effect, has significant differences.

The figure shows a diagram of the working equipment of a bulldozer with a rotary blade.

The working equipment of a bulldozer with a rotary blade consists of a base tractor 1 and a bulldozer equipment. The bulldozer equipment contains a blade 2 of a box-shaped structure with a curved profile with a visor 3, a universal frame 4 of a rectangular cross section of a horseshoe-shaped structure, pushing bars 5 with screw braces 6 of a tubular section, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 7, a transverse beam 8 with support braces 9. A visor 3, preventing soil overfilling through the blade on lifts and after shocks, reinforced with ribs on top 10. In front of the blade, replaceable cutting knives 11. are attached with 2 countersunk bolts 11. From the back of the front sheet of the blade 2 in its central part, a ball socket 12 is welded. The universal frame 4 is connected to the blade 2 through the ball socket 12 through the ball socket 12. The pushing rods 5 are connected with the screw brackets 6 by the front ends with crosspieces 14 and the blade 2, and the opposite ends by pivots 15 with universal frame 4. The crossbeam 8 is fixed to

spars 16 of the front half frame of the base tractor 1 with eight bolts. Additionally, on the side members 16 to the transverse beam 8 there are two supporting braces 9, preventing its displacement in the transverse direction. The universal frame 4 has two fork stops 17, by means of which it is hung on the cylindrical trunnions 18 of the transverse beam 8. The double-acting hydraulic cylinder 7 is pivotally mounted on an arm 20 rigidly fixed to the transverse beam 19 of the base tractor half frame and pivotally connected to its stem through two eyes 21 with a universal frame 4. For better traction of the wheels 22 of the tractor 1 with the soil on its rear frame 23 mounted capacity 24 for ballast, which is a welded structure of channels, corners and sheet metal. Metal bins, reinforced concrete slabs can be folded into the hopper of the tank 24 or filled with sand. The total weight of the cargo should be no more than 2000 kg.

The working equipment of a bulldozer with a rotary blade is operated as follows.

The working equipment of a bulldozer with a rotary blade should work with soils of P ... III category, in continuous snow cover with an average snow density of up to 0.35 g / cm ² and a snow cover height of not more than 0.6 m. Management of the bulldozer equipment is hydroficated and carried out from the tractor cab. The workflow of a bulldozer usually consists of the processes of digging, moving and leveling the soil. When digging the blade 2 from the transport position, the double-acting hydraulic cylinder 7 is lowered to the working position, the blade 2 is buried into the soil by 10 ... 20 cm and, at the same time, the tractor 1 moves forward the soil that accumulates in front of the blade 2, forming a drawing prism. Upon reaching the prism of the drawing height of the blade 2, he with the help of the hydraulic cylinder 7 is deepened. Next, the bulldozer moves the prism of the drawing to the place of unloading. With a rational mode of operation, ensuring the full use of the engine power of the tractor 1, in

the beginning of cutting, when there is still no soil in front of the blade 2, the cutting knives 11 are deepened to the maximum depth, and then, as the drawing prism increases so that the tractor engine 1 does not stall, the knives 11 are gradually deepened, reducing the chip thickness. In this mode, the path of soil collection is reduced by 1.5 times, the engine power of the tractor 1 is fully used. When transporting soil, a significant part of it is lost due to sliding from the edges of the blade 2 into the side rollers. To maintain performance, these losses are compensated by a small deepening of the knives 11 at a certain distance.

Snow removal of roads is most efficiently carried out with a bulldozer with dump 2. The snow blade 2 is scooped up from the axis of the road to the periphery. Bulldozer passes in one lane are repeated and snow is thrown closer to the road cuvette. The other strip is similarly cleaned. Snow retention along roads and on agricultural fields is carried out only by single passages of a bulldozer, after which compacted snow shafts remain.

Planning work in order to prepare sites for compost and lime storage is carried out on level ground with backfilling of troughs and cutting of mounds. In this case, the planning is carried out in parallel passages with an overlap of approximately 0.25 of the length of the blade 2 of the surface after the previous pass. This allows you to better withstand the depth of cut and more evenly distribute the soil, without leaving the side rollers on the planned surface. Dump 2 during such planning works is loaded only at 0.6 of its height. Small irregularities and rollers smooth in reverse when the blade 2 is lowered in the "floating" position. Sometimes cross passages are used to achieve the necessary evenness of the planned surface. The usual planning accuracy with a bulldozer is 5 ... 7 cm.

Adjustment of the cutting angle of the blade 2 in the transverse plane from the main position 55 ° to the angle + (-) 5 ° is carried out by changing

the length of the helical braces 6. Installation of the blade 2 at an angle of 30 ° in the plan on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the bulldozer or perpendicular to it is carried out by rearranging the pushing bars 5 with pivots 15 in the bushings located on the universal frame 4 or by replacing the places of the pushing bars 5 s right side to left and back. Interchangeable cutting knives 11 have two rows of square holes, which are countersunk on both sides at an angle of 90 °. Initially, the knives 11 are mounted on the bottom row of holes. After wear of the cutting edge, the knives 11 are lowered onto the upper row of holes and bolted. When the cutting edge wears out again, the knives 11 are removed from the blade 2, turned 180 ° and fixed in the bottom row of holes. After further wear, they are again shifted down and mounted on the top row of holes. If the cutting edge of the knives 11 protrudes 15 ... 20 mm above the lower edge of the bottom plate of the blade 2, then the knives 11 are replaced.

The conducted production check confirmed the reliability of the design of the developed working equipment for a bulldozer with a rotary blade, the possibility of using it with various brands of tractors and high mobility in an aggregate with a wheeled tractor. Bulldozer equipment can be installed on wheeled tractors MTZ-80 (MTZ-82), T-150K, K-701, has the largest depth below the wheel bearing surface of 100, 150 and 200 mm, respectively, and the largest rise above the bearing surface of the wheels of these tractors is 400 , 650 and 600 mm. When the bulldozer equipment with the blade 2 is installed, the direct working width of the passage for the MTZ-80 (MTZ-82) tractor is 2120 mm, T-150K - 3220 mm, K-701 - 3920 mm, and its structural mass is 500, 800 and 1250 kg, respectively. Installation of bulldozer equipment on an appropriate tractor can be carried out in a farm environment.

The advantage of the proposed utility model in comparison with the prototype is the simplicity of design, lower unit costs for manufacturing, maintenance and repair.

Literature

1. Klein N.I., Sakun V.A. Agricultural and reclamation machines: Elements of the theory of work processes, calculation of adjustment parameters and operating modes. - 2nd ed., Revised. and add. - M.: Kolos, 1980.- p. 588.

2. Zabegalov G.V., Roninson E.G. Bulldozers, scrapers, graders. - 2nd ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Higher school, 1991. - p.11-12 - prototype.

Claims (1)

The working equipment of a bulldozer with a rotary blade, consisting of a base tractor with a bulldozer equipment containing a box-shaped blade of a curved profile with a visor and replaceable cutting knives, harnesses, a universal frame of a rectangular cross section of a horseshoe-shaped construction, connected by a ball head with a blade and hung by the rear ends on the harnesses pushing bars with screw braces of tubular section connected by front ends with crosses with a blade, but opposite and - pivots with a universal frame, characterized in that the bulldozer equipment is equipped with only one double-acting hydraulic cylinder mounted pivotally on an arm rigidly fixed to the front beam of the base tractor half frame, and the universal frame is hung with forks on the cylindrical trunnions of the transverse beam having supporting braces and the front tractor half-frame strengthened to the side members, equipped with an additional ballast capacity at the rear.