RU51175U1 - APARTMENT SYSTEM FOR ENERGY RESOURCES OF RESIDENTIAL HOUSES AND CONTROL OF THEIR USE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to heating systems for residential and other buildings, in particular consisting of autonomous heaters, and is intended to provide apartments of residential buildings with heat and hot water. The system of apartment-by-house supply of energy resources for residential buildings and control of their use contains in each apartment of M apartments of each of N houses an individual gas boiler equipped with a self-monitoring unit, a shut-off valve and a gas pollution sensor, inputs of energy sources in the form of cold water and electricity are connected to individual gas inputs boiler, respectively, through a cold water meter and an electricity meter, and the input of the energy source in the form of gas is individually connected to the corresponding input gas boiler through the shut-off valve and gas meter, the control valve-shutoff input is connected to the output of the apartment controller, the corresponding inputs of which are connected to the telemetric outputs of the meters, the additional input-output - with the input-output of the self-control unit of the individual gas boiler, and the additional input - with the output of the gas pollution sensor. The input-output of each of the M home controllers is connected to the input-output of the corresponding home controller, the input-output of each of the N home controllers through a data network is connected to the inputs and outputs of the data collection and processing center, the inputs and outputs of which are connected to the inputs and outputs of the dispatching housing and communal services of the microdistrict and the inputs and outputs of the regional duty units of the operational services, while the inputs and outputs of the data collection and processing center are connected to the inputs and outputs E database servers energy suppliers and common information and billing center. The system provides increased efficiency

use of energy resources and improving the reliability and accuracy of control of their use.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of energy supply, namely to heating systems for residential and other buildings, in particular consisting of autonomous heaters, and is intended to provide apartments of residential buildings with heat and hot water with control of energy resources used.

A known system for controlling the use of energy in residential buildings with a centralized heating system, containing in each apartment of M apartments of each of the N houses a gas meter, a cold water meter, a hot water meter, a heating meter and an electricity meter, the inputs of which are connected to the inputs of energy sources in the form of gas , cold water, hot water, heating and electricity, respectively, telemetric outputs of the gas meter, cold water meter and electricity meter, heat meter hot water The heaters and heating meters are connected to the corresponding inputs of the home controller, the input-output of each of the M home controllers is connected to the input-output of the corresponding home controller, the input-output of each of the N home controllers is connected via the data transmission network to the inputs and outputs of the data collection and processing center , with the entrances and exits of P dispatching housing and communal services (housing and communal services) of the microdistrict and the entrances and exits of the district duty units of operational services (fire protection, police, ambulance, accidents oh gas service provider, etc..). - RF patent No. 2141626, IPC G 01 F 1/00, A 62 C 2/00, G 08 B 17/00, 1999

This system is the closest analogue.

The disadvantages of this system is the following.

1. The most serious drawback is the increased fire and

explosion hazard due to the use of gas in the apartment for stoves. Residents of the apartment, including pensioners, people with disabilities, children, must comply with the rules for the safe operation of stoves and have a certain operating culture. Accident statistics in Russia are mainly associated with inappropriate behavior of people (neglect of elementary norms when intoxicated, cases of suicide, etc.).

As a result of a leak, household gas forms an explosive mixture with air. There are many cases when, as a result of the negligence of residents, explosions occurred in houses with gas stoves.

Therefore, despite the high economic efficiency of gas stoves and the convenience of their use, the safety problem of using domestic gas is undoubtedly relevant.

2. This system is designed to work in residential buildings with centralized heat supply and should produce an apartment metering of the amount of heat spent on heating and hot water supply.

The condition with district heating systems in Russia is an example of a protracted systemic crisis in the housing and utilities sector that arose in the late 80s.

First of all, the problem of this crisis is that the technology of communal heating systems is hopelessly outdated and does not meet the conditions of the 21st century. These systems are endlessly repaired, but it is almost impossible to achieve their reliability. The disadvantages of district heating systems are: a large waste of heat in them (the total efficiency does not exceed 50%, and in many cases even lower), the resource wear of the main and distributing heating networks (reaches 60-80%), which are not provided with reliable heat-insulating, anti-corrosion and waterproofing coatings, high operating costs.

It should be noted that the correct accounting of the heat spent on heating each of the apartments is practically impossible due to the existing one-post heating distribution structure, since it is necessary

put a heat meter on each heating radiator in the apartment. For the correct accounting of the heat of hot water supply, it is necessary to use two flow meters and two temperature sensors due to heat loss in the apartment riser and heated towel rail in the bathroom. The cost of heat meters of this configuration is very high (several thousand US dollars per apartment). This level of cost is unrealistic. In this sense, the system in the configuration proposed in this patent is essentially inoperative.

In addition, flow meters for heating and hot water supply operate at water temperatures above + 95 ° C and + 65 ° C, respectively. When working in hot water, the reliability of flowmeters is at least two times lower than in a channel with cold water.

The transition to individual sources of apartment heating avoids these shortcomings.

The idea of creating a system of apartment-by-apartment supply of residential buildings with energy resources, designed to provide heating and hot water for apartments of houses using an individual gas boiler, was expressed in the Stroitelny Expert newspaper, 1999, No. 21 (64). However, declaring the advantages and prospects of such a system in comparison with district heating systems, the author did not provide specific data on its implementation, which requires engineering study of both the system itself and its safety conditions.

Therefore, the objective of the claimed utility model is to create a real system of apartment-by-house supply of energy resources for residential buildings to control their use, which allows to eliminate the disadvantages inherent in district heating systems associated with heat losses, namely:

- heat consumption inside the boiler rooms;

- Losses of heat and heat carrier in the main, inter-house and house networks;

- losses associated with the mismatch of the heat production and heat consumption in each apartment.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to increase the efficiency of energy use, increase the reliability and accuracy of control of their use.

The latter consists in the fact that the proposed system of apartment-by-apartment provision of energy resources for residential buildings and control of their use (hereinafter referred to as the System) provides the possibility of

- increase the level of fire and explosion safety;

- monitoring the engineering equipment of the apartment, emerging emergencies and providing the dispatcher with a telecontrol tool, including the ability to remotely shut off the gas supply in the event of an individual gas boiler malfunction and unauthorized gas leakage from extinct gas stove burners;

- remote collection of objective information from apartment counters without the participation of residents and line controllers of resource-supplying organizations in this process;

- control over the activities of utility providers, including control over the justification of costs and tariffs of utilities and quality control of the services provided.

In addition, due to the territorial diversity of the database servers of energy suppliers and the server of the center for collecting and processing information, the reliability and confidentiality of the transmitted and stored information of commercial accounting of apartment consumption of energy resources is ensured.

At the same time, the apartment energy metering system is radically simplified and its cost is reduced 5–6 times, since now only the consumed gas and cold water are taken into account.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that the system of apartment-by-apartment energy supply of residential buildings and their control

use, containing in each apartment of the M apartments of each of the N houses the counters of the corresponding energy resources, inputs of the corresponding energy sources, the telemetric outputs of the meters are connected to the corresponding inputs of the apartment controller, the input-output of each of the M apartment controllers is connected to the input-output of the corresponding house controller, input - the output of each of the N home controllers through a data network is connected to the inputs and outputs of the information collection and processing center, the inputs and outputs of which are black h the data transmission network is connected to the inputs and outputs of the dispatching housing and communal services of the microdistrict and the inputs and outputs of the regional duty units of the operational services, additionally contains in each apartment of the house an individual gas boiler equipped with a self-monitoring unit, a shut-off valve and a gas detector, inputs of energy sources in the form of cold water and electricity are connected to the inputs of an individual gas boiler, respectively, through a cold water meter and an electricity meter, and the input of the source the energy resource in the form of gas is connected to the corresponding input of the individual gas boiler through the shutoff valve and gas meter, the control input of the shutoff valve is connected to the output of the apartment controller, the additional input-output of which is connected to the input-output of the self-control unit of the individual gas boiler, and the additional input is with the output of a gas contamination sensor, while the inputs and outputs of the information collection and processing center are connected to the inputs and outputs of the database servers of energy suppliers and a single information o-settlement center.

The drawing shows a structural electrical diagram of a system of apartment-building energy supply of residential buildings and control their use.

The system comprises a shut-off valve 1, a gas meter 2, a cold water meter 3, an electric power meter 4, an individual gas boiler 5, a gas pollution sensor 6, an apartment controller 7, forming all together

a set of 8 apartment equipment (sets of 8-2 - 8-M apartment equipment - for the remaining apartments of a residential building), house controllers 9, each of which together with M sets of 8 apartment equipment form N sets of 10 house equipment, a data transmission network 11, a center 12 information collection and processing, dispatch 13 (the number of dispatch in the system is P), servers 14-18 databases of energy suppliers (cold water, gas and electricity) and a single information and settlement center (EIRTs), respectively, dispatch consoles of regional duty units of operational services: emergency service of Gorgaz, district fire department, etc. (not shown in the drawing), self-monitoring unit 19, which is equipped with an individual gas boiler 5.

The shut-off valve 1 is turned on at the gas inlet to the apartment and its control input is connected to the output of the apartment controller 7, the inputs of which are connected to the telemetric outputs of the gas meter 2, cold water meter 3, electric meter 4, outputs of the self-monitoring unit of the individual gas boiler 5 and sensor 6 gas supply, the input-output of each of the M home controllers 7 is connected to the input-output of the corresponding home controller 9, the input-output of each of the N home controllers 9 through the data transmission network 11 is connected to the center 12 collecting and processing information, which is connected through the data transmission network 11 to the inputs / outputs R of the control rooms 13 and the servers 14-18 of the energy supplier database and a single information and settlement center. The latter has the ability to transmit information to the screens of the respective monitors of dispatching consoles of duty units of operational services.

The system is designed to perform the following functions:

- collection of information on current values of indicators of meters, gas contamination sensor, equipment status of an individual gas boiler and shut-off valve, which are part of the set of apartment equipment of the System;

- transfer of values of technical characteristics, technological parameters and condition of engineering systems from home controllers to the server of the center for collecting and processing information;

- remote control of the shut-off valve of a set of apartment equipment;

- automated control of the shut-off valve of a set of apartment equipment;

- accumulation and storage of meter readings for energy consumption metering;

- ensuring the protection of the transmitted information from the possibility of interception or distortion by third parties;

- servicing requests from customers of the System that access the database stored on the server of the data collection and processing center;

- ensuring the protection of information resources of the System from the possibility of unauthorized access.

Clients of the System, along with the dispatching room 13 (level of electrical control), are dispatching services:

- urban resource suppliers (city water supply, gorenergo, gorteplo, gorgaz, etc.),

- other higher city structures (DEZs, district administrations, prefectures, city government, etc.) (not shown in the drawing),

- structures ensuring the safety of residents and the rule of law (district fire department, district department and city department of the Internal Affairs Directorate, management of the Civil Defense and Emergencies Ministry, etc.) and others (not shown in the drawing).

The shut-off valve 1 (shut-off valve) is an electromagnetic device with an electromagnetic coil (solenoid), which with the help of electric current controls the movement of the valve, which opens the gas supply to the apartment. Depending on the chosen algorithm of the gas safety system, various types of shut-off valve 1 can be used: normally closed, i.e. closed in the absence

control signal or normally open, i.e. open in the absence of a control signal. In the case of using a normally closed valve when turning off the electric current using the apartment controller 7 or when there is a power outage in the apartment, the shut-off valve 1 shutter by means of a spring shuts off the gas supply to the apartment. As a shut-off valve 1, you can use devices similar to valves of the 15Kch843r1, KUM-10G series and others.

As a gas meter 2, a diaphragm household gas meter type NP-G4, NP-G2.5, NP-G1.6 with a telemetric output for automated metering systems can be used.

As a counter 3 cold water can be used vane water meter with a pulse output, for example, type SHI "Alekseevsky."

As the electric power counter 4, a single-phase induction electric energy meter of type СО-505 with an external telemetry device or an electric single-phase electronic energy meter SOE-5 / 50-2-120 with a pulse output can be used.

As an individual gas boiler 5, a wall-mounted gas boiler of the Beretta brand by Jaber S.p.A., for example, the CIAO 24 CAI model, can be used. The double-circuit boiler of the SUPER EXCLUSIVE series for heating and hot water supply with a closed combustion chamber is a "mini-boiler" the size of a geyser. Due to their small size and good price / quality ratio, CIAO boilers are widely used in multi-storey buildings with apartment heating and have the following functional characteristics:

- Infinitely adjustable power (modulation burner).

- Automatic electric ignition and flame ionization control.

- Full factory readiness for operation.

- Priority of hot water supply.

- Built-in voltage regulator.

- Ability to connect a remote control unit and a sensor

street temperature.

- Built-in anti-freeze, pump and three-way valve blocking function.

- A display with information about the parameters of the boiler and a self-diagnosis system.

- Ability to work on liquefied petroleum gas.

The modern individual gas boiler 5 is equipped with safety automation, which ensures absolute safety with the help of built-in safety systems that work when:

- a drop in gas pressure;

- overheating of water;

- extinction of the flame of the burner;

- lack of traction:

- power outage;

- violation of water circulation.

In addition, a modern individual gas boiler 5 is equipped with a self-monitoring unit 19, which is a built-in self-diagnosis system. The input-output of the self-monitoring unit 19 via the RS-232/485 protocol provides information on the status of all security systems. This information is transmitted using the home equipment 10 to the control room 13.

The gas pollution sensor 6 (aka gas sensor) reacts to propane and natural gas. If there is gas in the room, the concentration of which exceeds the permissible level, the sensor 6 is triggered - goes into alarm mode. When the concentration of gas in the air drops below the level set by the standard, sensor 6 automatically returns to operating mode. In addition to generating at the output a control signal for the apartment controller 7, the sensor 6 can itself or through the apartment controller 7 include additional signaling means, for example, a siren. As the gas pollution sensor 6, it is possible to use the CM-1 gas pollution detector or a similar device.

The apartment controller 7 is based on industrial controllers, serves to interface the outputs of the meters 2, 3 and 4, the gas pollution sensor 6 and the actuator, the shut-off valve 1 with the house controller 9 of the System, and is installed in the apartment for security reasons. In the case of placing the apartment controller 7 on the stairwell, it must be placed in a special box or niche to protect against acts of vandalism. There are options for using a common apartment controller 7 for several apartments.

Housing controller 7 provides:

- cyclic interrogation of connected equipment and storing the state of each of them;

- interfacing with energy meters;

- determination of the state of input loops (normal state, short circuit, open loop) and registration of attempts to disconnect any loops from its inputs;

- registration of unauthorized opening attempts in several directions:

- niche or box covers where it is installed;

- housing controller 7;

- fire alarm (if necessary) and gas alarm in several directions:

- inside the apartment where the gas pollution sensor 6 is installed;

- in the room where the home controller 9 is installed (if necessary);

- storage of information on the condition of equipment and hourly values of energy consumption for each channel for the required time interval, for example, 10 days (in the event of an accident of a house or superior equipment);

- transfer of control commands to the actuator-valve-shutoff 1;

- transmission and reception of data over the home network at the request of the home

controller 9.

If necessary, the apartment controller 7 can perform the functions of a security and fire concentrator, to the inputs of which fire alarm sensors, water leakage sensors, security alarm sensors, etc. can be connected.

As an apartment controller 7, a device similar to the block of tariffed pulse counters of the BPS of the company MNPP Saturn can be used.

Communication inside the house between the apartment controllers 7 and the home controller 9 is carried out using the home local area network (shown in the drawing by arrows). A home local area network is a data transmission channel that can be made in the form of a copper telephone or twisted pair cable, on a coaxial cable or on an internal house power network of 220 V / 50 Hz.

The exchange of information at the home network level between the home controller 9 and the apartment controller 7 is carried out according to one of the protocols, which are combined under the general name "industrial networks" (FieldBus, or "field" bus). Typical representatives of open industrial networks are the Profibus protocols (Process Field Bus) and the RS-485 interface.

Protocols of this level solve the tasks of managing, collecting and processing data at the level of industrial controllers used in controllers 7 and 9.

Information is transmitted in the form of a message packet, which includes a header, a data packet and their checksum. An example of a byte-open message packet is shown below.

The first byte of the header defines the command code (function number), which sets the transmission mode of the data packet.

The second and third bytes determine the address of the apartment in which the apartment controller 7 is located and the type of device of the apartment equipment.

The fourth byte determines the type of data received from the apartment equipment (counters 2, 3, 4, sensor 6, individual gas boiler 5 and actuator 1).

The fifth byte determines the number of bytes of data.

After the header is a data packet that allows a length of 256 bytes.

The data packet is closed by one or two bytes, which determine the checksum of the data, to detect and correct errors.

Data exchange between the home controller 9 and the controllers 7 can be carried out in two modes:

- "quick survey", which includes a cyclical survey of data taken from sensors to ensure the safety of the apartment: gas sensors, data on the state of the equipment of boiler 5, fire alarm sensors, water leakage sensors, burglar alarms, as well as data that exceeded the permissible measurement limits;

- “slow polling”, which includes cyclic polling of data taken from the counters.

The home controller 9 is a single-board computer, for example, RSM-3864/3860 from Advantech, and provides:

- collection of information from apartment controllers 7;

- calculation by measuring channels of accounting for incremental increments in water flow (hour, day, month) with reference to the system time;

- grouping (in specified combinations) of measured (calculated) and collected information about the leaked volume and consumption of hot and cold water through individual metering channels into metering groups;

- processing, accumulation, storage of information on the consumed volume and consumption of water;

- input and storage of settings for instruments of set 8 and service information;

- transmitting (upon request) the specified information to the remote centers 12 for collecting and processing information over the data transfer network 11;

- the ability to automatically remote reboot;

- the ability to remotely load mathematical software.

The home controller 9 is designed to control the home equipment 10 and its communication with the database server of the center 12 through a modem or other means of communication (not shown in the drawing and is part of the home controller 9).

Depending on the number of apartments in the house and, accordingly, sets of apartment equipment, the house controller 9 can be used on one house or serve several houses. The house controller 9 is located in a technical room of a building protected from unauthorized access, for example, in an electrical panel room.

The implementation of the data transmission network 11 (transport network) used in the System is determined by the type of telecommunication structure that already exists or is being created simultaneously with the creation of the System. Therefore, the network 11 can be made in the form of a dedicated or superimposed copper pair of a telephone network, a radio broadcast network, a coaxial fragment of a broadband access network, a fiber optic communication line, a radio extension, etc.

The data network 11 provides:

- duplication of communication channels;

- protection of transmitted information from interception and distortion;

- protection against the possibility of unauthorized connections;

- A sufficient reserve of the required throughput for the System.

Information streams transmitted over the communication lines of the network 11 can be closed by means of cryptography.

The center 12 for collecting and processing information contains a server on which the database is stored, and is designed to collect, register and process information received from the home equipment 10, may

be implemented on an IBM-compatible computer of appropriate performance and provides the following functions:

- collection of information from home equipment 10;

- accumulation and storage of information received;

- analysis of the received data;

- servicing of requests received from dispatching 13 and other customers of the System;

- notification of operational services of organizations of customers of the System in case of emergency;

- authentication of appliances included in home equipment 10

- and interacting with him;

- registration of the received information in the database;

- continuous archiving of the database;

- ensuring the integrity and safety of the database and archive of the System;

- restoration of the database from the archive in case of failures or crashes of the database server;

- maintaining a register of customer actions and changes in the database;

- processing requests from dispatching 13 and notifying the corresponding operational services when an emergency is detected on the database server.

As the operating system of the center 12 database server, a multitasking multiuser operating system with preemptive multitasking is used, for example, built on the AT&T UNIX System V kernel or Windows Server Standard 2003, which provides the following functions:

- Provides effective and reliable access to server hardware resources;

- has the ability to connect a security subsystem with

the ability to maintain connection logs, administrator actions, user authentication, etc .;

- provides a separate multi-threaded nature of the execution of applications;

- has developed tools for developing and debugging applications, increasing their effectiveness;

- Has the necessary set of drivers that supports the hardware platform of the database server;

- provides scalability of the System without the need for restructuring the entire software package;

- supports remote administration tools;

- supports files of the required size;

- works with the required amounts of RAM;

- provides effective support for clustering;

- It has high performance on tasks OLTP (On-Line Transaction Processes);

- Supports the TCP / IP family of network protocols.

The server database management system performs the following functions:

- supports a relational object data model and has high performance;

- ensures the safety and integrity of the data stored in the database;

- restores and duplicates data that is stored in the database;

- integrates with the operating system and hardware platform of the database server, thereby ensuring high performance and reliability of the System;

- provides parallel execution of requests;

- effectively uses multi-threading of shared processes;

- uses technology to ensure increased reliability;

- supports dynamic partitioning of tables and indexes into sections;

- supports parallel systems with switching users between nodes without loss of connection;

- has an effective locking mechanism;

- supports priority message queues;

- Provides online backup and recovery of data and transactions;

- Provides a reliable system for controlling access to data and blocks any attempts to change the customer action log.

In addition, the database server interacts with sets of 8 apartment equipment of the house equipment 10 and provides:

- collection of information from home equipment 10;

- effective and safe registration of information received in the database;

- control of the integrity of the received data;

- the possibility of a repeated request for data in the event of an error or a forced request from the customers of the System;

- transmission of control signals;

- reliable authentication of home equipment 10;

- waiting for the initiation of the connection from the side of the home controller 9;

- the possibility of cryptographic encryption of information transmitted over the data transmission network 11 (transport network);

- secure and verified connection to the home controller 9.

Dispatching room 13 is a dispatching console - an automated workplace (AWS), located in the dispatching office of the UDF (integrated dispatching service) at the district, REP (repair and maintenance company) or city (municipal) structure of the corresponding level and provides the dispatcher with the opportunity

monitor sets of 8 apartment equipment. The control room of the control room 13 contains an electronic computer (workstation) connected via a modem and a data transfer network 11 to the database server of the center 12, a printing device, an uninterruptible power supply, an operator’s workstation, and a telephone (not shown) and provides :

- prompt display of information on the condition of the apartment equipment of residential buildings;

- the ability to document summary reports on the status of apartment equipment of residential buildings;

- display in priority mode information on the functioning of the gas leakage monitoring subsystems, and, if necessary, security and fire alarms and unauthorized access;

- interaction between the control room 13 and other equipment of the System.

It is advisable to use a workstation as a computer of a dispatch console of any level - an IBM-compatible computer with a network card.

The software of the control room of the control room 13 is conditionally divided into the following subsystems:

- operating system;

- SCADA system;

- application software.

The operating system of the control room of the control room 13 is a standard multi-tasking operating system that implements a fully functional set of application programming interfaces. The interaction between the processes will be carried out using the IPC service.

The operating system has developed communication capabilities and provides:

- functioning of applications working with TCP / IP networks;

- support for interacting with remote databases using the ODBC driver;

- the ability to work with ETHERNET;

- The interface between processes using the IPC service;

- Support for cluster technologies and authorization systems.

The SCADA system of the control room is optimally adapted to develop and support the functioning of application software in the workstation and meets the following requirements:

- data exchange between software modules is based on an event protocol, i.e. monitoring objects are updated only when some data on current events change their status or value;

- visualization of the display of dynamic objects is carried out using vector graphics;

- the display space of visualization objects exceeds the size of the display screen;

- the object on the screen is presented in the form of many zones with the ability to quickly switch between zones;

- the availability of dynamic zooming tools for a quick transition from the general to the detailed plan;

- opening in a single workspace multiple windows containing graphical images, alarm summaries, charts and reports;

- the ability to simultaneously update information in all windows;

- the ability to observe any combination of graphic images, summaries, alarms and charts;

- providing maximum flexibility when displaying various types of data, both real-time and archived;

- the ability to display emergency situations, as in real time,

and in the form of an alarm message protocol;

- the ability to flexibly define filters for displaying, sorting, or classifying alarms according to priority, zone;

- the ability to mark the date and time of alarms in the alarm file;

- the ability to maintain your own database;

- the presence of a scripting language;

- the ability to support communication with a remote database for SQL queries through the ODBC driver.

The control room application software has a modular structure.

The main control module coordinates the functioning of auxiliary software modules, an interface with an operator (keyboard, mouse), and issuing telecontrol commands.

The testing and reconfiguration module checks and displays on the screen the status of engineering and telecommunication equipment with the possibility of flexible (password) reconfiguration of the connected equipment circuitry at a logical level.

The module for processing emergency situations (alarm processing) provides, if necessary, the output of the contents of the alarm log (alarms). In the event of an emergency, a flickering color banner lights up in the corner of the screen, for example, in the upper left, the color of which depends on the current working situation and can take several fixed values, accompanied by an audible alarm. The emergency object is painted with the appropriate color.

The control module of the initiative of the database server of the center 12 monitors in the interrupt mode the request of the database server to transmit information to the control room of the control room 13 and, if necessary, sets the corresponding flag, signaling the need for a communication session. The main control module analyzes this flag and transfers control to the request processing module

The request processing module programmatically using the plug-in driver ODBC of the operating system provides support for the exchange of information from the control room of the control room 13 with the database server in SQL format.

The visualization module controls the process of displaying information on the monitor screen according to the technical requirements set forth above.

The archive work module provides information search in the archive, compilation, viewing, and output to the file or printer of generally accepted tabular reporting forms or graphs.

The application software is designed to run on Windows NT Workstation or Windows 2000 Server and provides for the following functions:

- multilevel presentation of information (if necessary):

- at the cartographic level - the topology of the district (building, communication, engineering equipment) with the ability to select a separate structure and display its generalized characteristics: area, number of entrances, number of storeys, communication supply scheme;

- at the house level of detail - the presentation of the topology of the installed engineering equipment with the ability to display the characteristics and actuate the corresponding actuators;

- control and display (with the possibility of tolerance control, if necessary) of the following types of signals:

- emergency (about emergency situations of devices);

- technological (on turning on / off equipment and devices);

- measuring (from counters);

- issuing voice messages with registration in the corresponding protocol in case of emergency (emergency) situations:

- gas leak in the apartment;

- malfunction of the equipment of an individual gas boiler;

- an accident in the cold water supply system;

- accident in the gas supply system;

- an accident in the power supply system;

- unauthorized entry into secure premises;

- water leakage in the room, etc.

- the ability to remotely control engineering (shut-off valve 1) and communication equipment;

- preparation of the necessary reports for the specified time interval:

- summary reports on objects;

- summary reports on controlled subsystems;

- schedules on the dynamics of consumption of individual energy resources;

- display in graphical and tabular form of summary data on energy consumption and the status of monitored parameters;

- the ability to document summary reports on the status of apartment and home equipment and the activities of the dispatcher;

- the ability to automatically track configuration changes of installed equipment;

- the ability to switch from local (at the client station) to remote (on the server) information processing modes.

Test software provides monitoring of the operability of home equipment 10.

Dispatch room 13 serves at least the territory of the REP (at least 2,000 apartments) and can be located in the premises of the UDF, and the center 12 for collecting and processing information serves the territory of the district - DEZ (at least 15,000 apartments) and can be located in the premises of the district dispatch service (RDS) ) or can serve the territory of the prefecture (about

300,000 apartments). The number of control rooms 13 connected to the center 12 is equal to the number of REPs or ODS in the served territory and can be tens of units.

The system operates as follows.

An individual gas boiler 5 heats cold water, heating the apartment and supplying it with hot water. The energy consumption: gas, cold water and electricity (for residential consumption, as well as for the individual gas boiler 5 (water pump drive and forced draft drive in the furnace)) is taken into account using the corresponding counters 2, 3 and 4. For each wheel rotation ( turbine) of the counter at its telemetric output, an electrical impulse arises, which is summed up by the corresponding counter of the apartment controller 7 and the counting result is converted into physical quantities (kWh, m3).

In the event of a gas leak (from an individual gas boiler 5 or gas stove), the gas detector 6 is activated. The signal from the sensor 6 is fed to the input of the apartment controller 7 and through the house controller 9 and network 11 an alarm message is transmitted to the server of the center 12, and from there to the control room 13, where the dispatcher is displayed on the monitor’s workstation in alarm mode. The signal from the sensor 6 simultaneously closes the solenoid valve-shutter 1 at the gas inlet to the apartment, ensuring automatic shutdown of gas supply to the apartment. When the gas concentration in the air drops below the level set by the standard, the sensor 6 automatically returns to operating mode, the apartment controller 7 unlocks the solenoid valve-shutter 1 at the gas inlet to the apartment, and the gas supply to the apartment resumes. If the sensor 6 is activated repeatedly, for example, three times in a row, which may indicate a burned and accidentally extinguished (not turned off) gas stove ring or a constant gas leak in the apartment, the operator himself or the program of the apartment controller 7 will automatically turn off the gas supply to the apartment

using the shut-off valve 1 until the emergency arrival in the apartment of the emergency gas service together with the police squad.

The house controller 9 cyclically polls all M apartment controllers 7 of his house.

The exchange of data between the home controller 9 and the apartment controllers 7 is as follows.

The home controller 9 has the rights of the active (Leading) participant in the exchange, and only he has the right to initiate read / write cycles on the bus. The house controller 9 selects one of the apartment controllers 7 as a passive (Slave) exchange participant and exchanges data with it, then selects another slave apartment controller 7 and addresses it, etc. The algorithm for exchanging data with any other slave apartment controller 7 occurs in an identical cycle.

The exchange protocol looks like this.

The initiator of the exchange can only be a home controller 9 and at the same time he polls only one apartment controller 7.

The exchange begins with the transfer by the home controller 9 to a specific apartment controller 7 of the command, which must be accepted by interruption, regardless of the task currently being solved.

After receiving the command and its interpretation, the further exchange is determined by the type of command: stopping the current task and starting another, continuing the exchange in order to receive a new parameter value or control action, issuing to the home controller 9 information about the status of the apartment controller 7 or about the value of any variable, etc. .d.

Data is transmitted in both directions by one byte with an additional bit or byte of parity, regardless of the type of data.

Immediately after receiving the byte of the command (data), the apartment controller 7 responds to the house controller 9 with an acknowledgment signal: upon successful reception, the code is “Ready”, and if an error occurs, the code is “Error”.

When an error occurs, the received byte of data is reset, and the apartment controller 7 automatically goes into standby mode.

If during a certain time interval called “Waiting time”, confirmation of receipt of the transmitted byte by the apartment controller 7 does not arrive, the house controller 9 stops further exchanges and issues a corresponding diagnostic message about the malfunction of this apartment controller 7 to the control room operator on duty 13.

When transmitting data from the apartment controller 7 to the house controller 9, an acknowledgment mechanism is not used. If the home controller 9 detects a parity error, then it stops further exchange and issues an error message to the operator.

The exchange protocol supports the following functions:

- data request:

- all 7 apartment controllers from all houses / from one house;

about a specific device in a set of 8 apartment equipment;

- transmission of the gas shutdown command, individual gas boiler 5 (if necessary, electricity and cold water, etc.)

The exchange of information between the database server of the center 12 for collecting and processing information and M home controllers 9 and P dispatching 13 is carried out similarly. That is, the database server of the center 12 in the Master mode alternately and continuously polls all M slave house controllers 9.

The database server of the center 12 processes the obtained information about the state of the engineering equipment of the apartment as follows: it accumulates and stores the received information, analyzes and registers the received information in the database. In this case, the database server authenticates the interacting equipment of the home equipment 10, continuous archiving of the database,

ensuring the integrity and safety of the System’s database and archive, restoring the database from the archive in case of failures or crashes of the database server, as well as maintaining a log for registering client actions and changes in the database. In addition, the center 12 database server provides service for requests received from all dispatcher consoles of all System customers, both in normal and emergency modes, and alerts operational services of organizations of the System’s customers in case of emergency.

The system collects and processes information from the level of a set of 8 apartment equipment about energy consumption, emergency conditions of engineering systems and much more, which allows the dispatcher to make operational decisions on the spot and transmit relevant information to the upper levels:

- energy consumption: gas, cold water and electricity;

- gas hazard;

- dispatching the state of equipment of an individual gas boiler 5;

- security and fire safety, access control (if appropriate sensors are available).

Simultaneously with the display of events on the dispatching console of the control room 13, the database server of the center 12 will send this information to the screens of the respective monitors of the control panels of other clients of the System.

For example, information about a gas leak will go to the gas emergency service and at the same time to the ROVD GUMVD, to the regional fire department and the city department of emergency situations.

The Gorvodokanal will receive information on the flow of cold water. In Energosbyt gorenergo - information about the readings of apartment electricity meters. In addition, information from home meters, current consumption indications by phases, voltage indications by

phases, and to the emergency service Energosbyt gorenergo - information about the loss of phases (in the presence of appropriate sensors).

Similarly, a fire safety system for apartments can be built. Information about fires in any places equipped with fire detectors will go to the monitors of the control room of the control room 13 and at the same time to the district fire department and the police.

Information about the leakage of water can remain at the level of the dispatching console of the dispatching 13 REP, such malfunctions are eliminated by the REP. But, if necessary, this information can be transferred to the upper levels for collecting statistics of incidents in the structures of the district, district or city.

However, if necessary, the client of the System 12 center in the person of a higher organization (City Government) may request any information of a lower level if he has the appropriate authority.

Thus, we see that the server of the center 12 is not only a network dispatcher of its level, but also a network administrator — it distributes information in a generalized (required) form to the System’s customers.

The claimed system allows to increase the efficiency of energy use, in this case gas, to almost 100% and to ensure the safety of the home through an automatic system of constant centralized control of gas leakage in the apartment.

At the same time, EVERY apartment is equipped with a reliable system of automatic remote information collection from energy metering devices. This allows you to collect data on meter readings in an automatic mode, and linear employees of the resource supply company will not need to make monthly rounds of apartments.

In addition, this system allows you to organize prepayment of consumed resources, (the apartment controller provides permission

meters for the provision of the service, if the service has been paid for in advance), and it is also possible to automatically turn off malicious defaulters or restrict the supply of energy resources to the level of a social minimum.

The network for collecting and transmitting data from the apartment to the information collection and processing center, created during the implementation of the System, will allow on its basis to further offer other telecommunication services to residents, for example:

connection of modern home monitoring systems:

security (together with the department of private security-UVO);

flood indication;

fire alarm.

Despite the fact that the System consists of a large number of rather complex elements, the presence of a monitoring network for all of its equipment allows for continuous operation of the System, quick recovery from accidents and minimization of operating costs due to targeted diagnostics of malfunctions.

Claims (1)

A system of apartment-by-house supply of energy resources for residential buildings and control of their use, containing in each apartment from M apartments of each of N houses the meters of the corresponding energy resources, inputs of the corresponding energy sources, telemetric outputs of the meters are connected to the corresponding inputs of the apartment controller, the input-output of each of the M apartment controllers is connected with the input-output of the corresponding home controller, the input-output of each of the N home controllers through a data network is connected to DAMI-outputs of the data collection and processing center, the inputs and outputs of which are connected through the data transmission network to the inputs and outputs P of the dispatcher housing and communal services of the microdistrict and the inputs and outputs of the regional duty units of the operational services, characterized in that the system additionally contains each apartment in the house an individual gas boiler equipped with a self-monitoring unit, a shut-off valve and a gas pollution sensor, inputs of energy sources in the form of cold water and electricity are individually connected to inputs gas boiler, respectively, through a cold water meter and an electricity meter, and the input of the energy source in the form of gas is connected to the corresponding input of an individual gas boiler through a shut-off valve and a gas meter, the control valve-shutoff input is connected to the output of the apartment controller, an additional input-output which is connected to the input-output of the self-control unit of an individual gas boiler, and the additional input - to the output of the gas pollution sensor, while the inputs and outputs of the info collection and processing center The radio connections are connected to the inputs and outputs of the database servers of energy suppliers and a single information and settlement center.