RU50860U1 - LIQUID TREATMENT PLANT - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposal relates to the technology of processing and purification of natural and waste water by the electric treatment method in a controlled volume of the installation, which includes a housing 1 and a coagulation unit 5, limited at the top by a cover 7 with a pipe 15 for discharge of purified liquid and a pipe 14 with a valve 16 for gas removal: at the bottom, the block is limited to the bottom 6 with a branch pipe for sediment discharge - 17, 18; connected to the coagulation unit by means of a fluid supply pipe "G" -shaped 4 is connected to an electrode unit 2 having a package of electrodes 3, its own housing 19 and a pipe 22 for supplying the initial liquid for processing.

In the cavity of the coagulation unit 5, in its upper part, a finely porous dielectric nozzle 12 is placed, bounded on both sides by electrically conductive nets 13; in the space of the electric processing unit 2 and coagulation unit 5, conditions are created for electrochemical and electrolytic coagulation of contaminants, which are collected in the zone 10 and in the mass of the nozzle 12, heavy inclusions settle on the conical bottom 6, on which the pipe 4 is oriented at an angle to create maximum hydrodynamic turbulence flow and improve the processing conditions of the liquid medium.

Description

The proposal relates to the purification of natural and waste water, as well as liquid industrial waste (W O), by electric treatment using coagulants generated during the cleaning process by the installation itself.

A known installation for the treatment of natural and wastewater, containing placed in the housing in tiers from top to bottom and separated by partitions with connecting holes of the mixing and flocculation chamber and a thin-layer sump with a clarified water chamber and sedimentary part. To flush sediment from the plates of the sump, a pipeline with nozzles is located in the clarified water chamber, which is connected to technical water supply pipes (AS No. 1667214, BI No. 23 1991).

The pop-up substance along the plates of the sump is directed upward and collected on the surface of the water in the tray. In the flocculation chamber, the following are installed: a flow divider and an air exhaust pipe. The sediment obtained in the sump settles down along the plates and enters the sedimentary part, from where it is constantly and periodically removed through the pipeline. A coagulant and a flocculant are introduced into the mixing chamber.

The disadvantage of this known installation is the complexity of the design and significant metal consumption, which is due to the presence of chamber walls, sump plates, flushing for devices with a sump drive, as well as the need for a large supply of constantly introduced coagulant and flocculants, which, in turn, requires significant costs for them manufacturing, transportation and storage.

The closest to the proposed technical solution is the well-known installation for AS No. 865827, made in the form of an electrocoagulator, including a housing, coaxially arranged electrodes in the form of truncated cones, the smaller base of which is the bottom, water inlet and outlet pipes. At the same time, a hole is made in the center of the bottom of each electrode, except for the upper one, holes are also made in the side of the electrodes, the axes of which form angles with the vertical axis of the installation, a shell filled with a dielectric nozzle is attached to the upper electrode, and the water outlet pipe is buried in the nozzle. The nozzle is coated on top with a mesh to prevent leaching, for example, of nylon fibers. A water supply pipe for processing is connected to the bottom of the housing coaxially to the electrodes.

This known installation works as follows. The treated water through the lower pipe enters the central water distribution channel formed by the holes of the electrodes and is distributed evenly in the interelectrode spaces, which form essentially a mixing and flocculation chamber. ”When voltage is applied to the outermost (upper and lower) electrodes, the polarization of the intermediate electrodes and the electrolytic dissolution of the material anode (steel and aluminum) with the formation of insoluble hydrates of metal oxides. At the same time, a uniform electric field is formed in the gaps between the electrodes, which acts on the dispersed phase of water.

The intensity of flocculation (coagulant) depends on the time spent

water in an electric field, its power, hydrodynamic regime and the degree of mixing of water.

The flow of water from the interelectrode gaps through the through-cuts tangentially enters neighboring, similar gaps, intensively twisting and mixing relative to the axis of the body. In this case, the gas formed at the cathode is quickly separated and removed, and coagulation is more intensive.

From the electrode chamber, the stream, bending from below the solid upper electrode and the shell along the annular space, rises to the gas separation chamber, pours through the mesh into the shell into the nozzle, in which the flakes formed remain, and enters substantially cleaned into the outlet pipe immersed in the nozzle.

Thus, in this known technical solution there is a housing, in the housing there is a cathode and anode, a mixing chamber formed from interelectrode spaces with a device for mixing, gas separation, flocculation and deposition, containing a nozzle; gas accumulation cavity - above the net and the nozzle and the cavity for clarified (purified) water - the lower part of the nozzle immersed in the nozzle; water mixing device. The latter is made in the form of holes in the walls of the electrodes, the axes of which (holes) are made at an angle to the vertical axis of the central channel.

This known installation also has disadvantages:

- a complex design, which is due to the implementation of the electrodes in the form of cones with holes and their placement inside the housing coaxially and in a certain order from the bottom up;

- the inconvenience of replacing and cleaning the nozzle from precipitation, because the latter is placed in the shell associated with the upper electrode, and a nozzle is immersed in it;

- incomplete effect of electric processing on the volume of the moving stream, a significant part of which passes through the central water distribution channel without entering the interelectrode chambers, because the treated water in the electrocoagulator essentially moves along two lines of movement, the first of which is represented by a rectilinear central water distribution channel with a large bore, the second line has a significant curvature, includes interelectrode chambers and through cutouts forming a bore of the second line, much smaller than in the first lines, and taking into account a strongly curved trajectory of movement and tangential flow of water, the hydraulic resistance of the second line is higher than that of the first, i.e. a significant part of the water flow in the electrocoagulator does not enter the interelectrode chambers (where the electric action on the source water is carried out) and, thus, the full effect of the electric treatment on the water treatment is not ensured;

- the unreliability of the electrical circuit of the electrocoagulator, due to the fact that in the installation scheme (electrocoagulator) the voltage is supplied to the extreme electrodes. In order for the electrode material to dissolve and electrochemical and polarization coagulation processes to take place, electrolysis is necessary, which is possible only when an electric current passes through the volume of liquid located between the electrodes, i.e. in closed loop. The short circuit and the passage of current in the circuit depends on the potential at the electrodes and the resistance of the material of the interelectrode filling. Given the large distance between the electrodes, to which the potential is applied and the interelectrode space is filled with a conductive medium (contaminated water), which is rather a dielectric,

electrolysis is doubtful or for this it is necessary to apply a significant potential to the electrodes, which will make the design electrosafe. If the electrolysis process will occur at a safe voltage on the electrodes, then the current will be so small that the electrolysis process will be sluggish, because the amount of substance released on the electrode is directly proportional to the amount of electricity (Faraday law) that has passed through a liquid. The latter will lead to an insignificant small amount of produced coagulant. The operation of the intermediate electrodes is possible only with their polarization, which can occur with a sufficiently strong electromagnetic field of the extreme electrodes and the subsequent electromagnetic induction of the intermediate electrodes. But since each intermediate electrode is a shield for another intermediate electrode, the appearance of electromagnetic induction is difficult, and even if we assume that polarization will occur, the influence of one electromagnetic field on the other will be accompanied by the appearance of harmful Foucault currents. These factors work to weaken the electrolysis and reduce the likelihood of generating a sufficient amount of coagulant, and therefore the quality of water treatment is reduced;

- there is no zone of laminar motion of the fluid flow (after electrical treatment) to ensure the coagulant to mature and enlarge in order to improve the quality of water treatment;

- there is a destruction of the produced coagulant due to the high speed of the turbulent flow and the transformation of the coagulant into a more dispersed state, which complicates its qualitative removal from the treated water;

- particles of a coagulant carry an acquired electric charge, which adversely affects the quality of the treated water;

- the rapid removal of gas from water, due to high turbulence and flow rate, reduces the degree of oxidation of impurities in water or requires a significant increase in potential at the electrodes, which will lead to increased energy consumption and increased electrical hazard of the structure;

- incomplete use of the electrode material for the production of coagulant in connection with the dissolution of only the anode (anode) electrode (s);

- insignificant volume of the flocculation zone limited by interelectrode gaps and gaps between the nozzle fibers;

- insufficient volume (quantity) of coagulant for its use in purification of the source water, due to the small volume of the flocculation zone in the interelectrode gaps and between the nozzle fibers;

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of treatment of natural and waste waters, as well as LRW, to reduce the specific consumption of coagulant and electricity, as well as to simplify the design of the installation.

This goal is achieved in that in a water treatment plant, including: a housing with a conical bottom and a lid, a mixing chamber with a mixing device, a flocculation chamber, ripening and precipitation of clarified water and gas separation, a non-continuous dielectric nozzle coated on both sides with a holding electrically conductive grid, pipes water supply to the treatment and removal of clarified water and gas, conductors to electrodes and soluble electrodes removed from the housing and enclosed in an independent dielectric casing, developing a separate coagulant production chamber and connected to the body by a L-shaped pipe. The mixing, flocculation, ripening, and deposition chambers are made in the form of open zones between themselves above the conical bottom, while the mixing device is made in the form of an inclined surface of the bottom of the body and lower

the knee of the L-shaped nozzle for supplying treated water from the dielectric casing of the electrodes, installed at an angle to the inclined surface (the bottom of the housing) to provide a toroidal vortex flow resulting from the interaction of the jet emerging from the knee and the inclined surface of the bottom. The clarified water and gas separation chambers are combined in one zone above the nozzle under the conical cover and the clarified water and gas outlet pipes are combined into one vertical nozzle with a side outlet for clarified water.

In addition, a primary filter was introduced into the installation, made in the form of a layer of a non-continuous dielectric nozzle with a two-sided conductive grid to remove the electric potential from the produced coagulant held by flotation in the area of the lower conductive grid. Thus, the removal of the electrodes from the housing into separate casing allows the use of simple-shaped electrodes, for example, in the form of rods, strips, etc. with the convenience of their installation during the alternation of anodes and cathodes, with the possibility of changing their pole during operation. All this simplifies the design with an increase in its reliability and allows more complete use of the material of the electrodes, and also frees up the volume in the body for more complete mixing, maturation of the coagulant and flocculation. In addition, the use of the lower bend of the L-shaped pipe with an inclination to the vertical axis and with an outlet above the inclined bottom surface for mixing water and pumping it through the casing from the bottom to the top ensures the deposition of coagulant flakes on the lower surface of the nozzle in the form of a continuous filter layer of flakes, which improves the quality of treated water.

In General, the technical solution is novel and can be industrially implemented, that is, meets the criterion of "invention".

The proposed installation is schematically shown in Fig. 1-4:

Fig. I shows the installation in longitudinal section, General view;

Fig. 2 shows the pipe for introducing water from the electrode block into the coagulation block, view;

Fig. 3 shows a diagram of the formation of turbulence of the outgoing stream from the nozzle in Fig. 2, side view;

Fig. 4 - the same, top view

The installation includes a coagulation unit I and an electrode unit 2 connected by a L-shaped pipe 4, combined with a pipe 23 for the exit of water from the electrode unit 2.

Coagulation unit I is a round container, including a housing 5, a conical bottom 6, a lid 7, a mixing chamber 8, a flocculation and maturation chamber 9, a precipitation 10, clarified water and gas separation II, a non-continuous dielectric nozzle 12 coated on both sides with a holding an electrically conductive mesh 13, a pipe 15 for discharge of clarified water, a pipe 14 for removal of gas with a valve 16, a pipe 17 for draining the spent coagulant with a valve 18.

The electrode unit 2 includes a dielectric casing 19, forming a chamber 20, inside which there is a package of electrodes 3 (for example, in the form of plates), to which a current conductor for supplying direct current with variable polarity is connected (reversed polarity). In the dielectric casing 19 there is a supply pipe and a water outlet pipe 23.

The source water is supplied through the pipe 22 to the casing 19 to the chamber 20 for placing the electrodes 3, where, under the influence of an electric potential (applied to the electrodes 3 through the conductor 21), polarization, electrochemical, electrolytic coagulation processes simultaneously occur with the production of highly active coagulants by anodic dissolution of materials

electrodes 3 (according to the law of Faraday). Ions of dissolved electrodes 3 enter into chemical reactions, resulting in the formation of aluminum and iron hydroxides, which are active coagulants; simultaneously with the process of dissolution of the anodes there is an electrolysis process with the release of gas bubbles that are involved in the flotation process; simultaneously emitted gas enhances the oxidation of impurities in water, turning dissolved impurities into a precipitate; at the same time, active hypochlorides (disinfecting agents) are formed from chlorides in water, which inhibit biochemical processes inside microorganisms with the subsequent destruction of their energy systems, leading to the destruction of microorganisms.

Water enriched with ions of soluble materials of the electrodes 3 and electrolysis gas bubbles enters the coagulation unit 1, into the mixing chamber 8 through the pipe 23, the elbow 24, the hole 25, located directly above the inclined surface of the conical bottom 6 so that the incident stream 26, taking into account its the inclination relative to axis 27 by the angle alpha and its reflection from the conical surface of the bottom b forms a toroidal vortex stream 28, which ensures high-quality mixing and distribution of coagulant and gas uniformly throughout the volume of liquid .

Further, water from the mixing chamber 8 in an upward flow enters the flocculation and maturation chamber 9, while the ions of the materials of the dissolved electrodes 3 form hydroxides, the micelles of which begin to stick together, forming coagulant flakes that bind molecularly dissolved substances, dispersed impurities, colloidal suspensions, and bodies of microorganisms in water.

During the movement of water in the capacity of the coagulation unit 1, coagulant flakes increase in size (mature) and enter the deposition chamber 10 under the influence of an upward flow of liquid and gas bubbles (flotation). Large particles of coagulant in contact with the lower conductive mesh 13 are delayed and form an additional filter layer that improves filtering and provides additional binding of dissolved impurities in water.

Water released from large coagulant particles in the deposition chamber 10 then enters a non-continuous dielectric nozzle 12, in the volume of which the remaining coagulant fraction is retained (due to deposition on the branched surface of the nozzle), which together with the nozzle material forms a second filter layer, which facilitates further cleaning water.

Next, the treated water, freed from the bulk of the coagulant in the deposition zone 10 and inside the nozzle volume 12, together with gas bubbles enters the clarified water and gas separation chamber II, from where the gas is discharged through the pipe 14 and valve 16, and the clarified water is discharged through the pipe 15, for example, a fine filter system. The upper and lower electrically conductive networks 13 act as a conductor for removing the potential of the micelles of the water stream charged in the electrode unit 2. The removal of potential is necessary to neutralize the polarity of the charged particles.

During installation, the spent coagulant from the deposition zone 10 is accumulated in the conical part of the bottom 6, which is periodically removed (without stopping operation) through the exhaust coagulant discharge pipe 17 with valve 18, after which the gas exhaust valve 16 is closed and the clarified water outlet 15 is closed countercurrent flushed the system. After flushing, the unit is ready for operation. The deposition chamber 10 and the nozzle 12 are removable to allow periodic replacement

from spare parts as the coagulant flakes are not washed away by countercurrent water.

The installation is compact, has a minimum size, easy to manufacture and easy to operate.

The advantages of the proposed installation compared to the known ones are:

- in separate multi-stage cleaning processes, ensuring its quality in one housing;

- the full use of electrode materials due to periodic polarity reversal of the anode to the cathode and the cathode to the anode;

- to improve the quality of cleaning by creating the necessary current density on the surface of each electrode by applying voltage to each pair of electrodes;

- in saving energy by supplying voltage to each pair of electrodes of a voltage that is safe in magnitude;

- in the electrical safety of the operation of the installation, provided by the location of the electrodes in the electrode block and the supply of constant voltage to the electrodes;

- in a more complete use of the properties of the produced coagulant for binding dissolved impurities in water due to the accumulation of coagulant in the deposition zone 10;

- in the additional use of the coagulant as a filter material in the deposition zone 10;

- in creating conditions for high-quality mixing and maturation of the coagulant by removal of soluble electrodes in a separate electrode unit, which increases the working volume and provides the necessary duration of the cleaning process;

- in creating a mechanism for mixing the treated water after the electrode block by introducing the L-shaped pipe 4 in combination with the design of the conical bottom 6;

- in the constant removal of spent coagulant during operation from the coagulation unit and its collection in the conical part of the bottom 6, followed by removal through the discharge pipe 17 of the discharge of spent coagulant and valve 18 without stopping the processing and purification of water;

- the possibility of extending the life of the installation by periodically replacing the deposition chamber 10 and nozzle 12 and reusing them after cleaning.

Claims (3)

1. Installation for processing liquid media, comprising a housing with a bottom and a lid, a chamber with a mixing device, a flocculation chamber, ripening, sedimentation of clarified water and gas separation, a non-continuous dielectric nozzle on both sides held by an electrically conductive grid, dissolving electrodes, current leads, initial supply pipes and removal of clarified liquid, gas and spent coagulant in the form of a precipitate, characterized in that the soluble electrodes are placed in an additional chamber with current leads to each electrode pair in alternating polarity, the additional chamber is equipped with a source of water inlet and a L-shaped dielectric pipe for supplying treated water to the installation casing, equipped with a mixing device in the form of an inclined surface of the conical bottom of the body and the lower elbow of a L-shaped pipe for water supply, installed at an angle to the inclined the bottom surface, with the formation of a toroidal vortex flow during the interaction of the jet emerging from the knee and the inclined bottom surface, and constituting the mixing chamber I with chambers of flocculation, ripening, sedimentation, clarified water and gas separation arranged sequentially above the body one above the other, placed in the sedimentation chamber of the filter in the form of a non-continuous dielectric nozzle with upper and lower holding electrically conductive grids forming with the clarified water and gas separation chamber a single zone above the nozzle with the pipes of clarified water and gas in the form of one vertical pipe with a lateral discharge of clarified water. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the deposition chamber is functionally equipped with a primary filter in the form of a non-continuous layer of flakes of pop-up coagulant with deposition on the lower conductive mesh of the dielectric nozzle, and the possibility of replacing the deposition chamber and nozzle. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing chamber in the conical bottom contains a hole combined with the pipe outlet of the spent coagulant in the form of sediment.