RU2361820C1 - Device for electrochemical water purification - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device comprises a reactor vessel with a cover, inside of which there is a holder with three vertical electrodes. In the top part of side electrodes there are windows for passage of a water stream, rising between electrodes, into the free volume of the reactor vessel. The said holder is put in the middle part of the reactor vessel above its bottom. The volume occupied by the holder inside the reactor vessel is not more than a third of the entire inner volume of the reactor vessel.

EFFECT: improved electrochemical water purification under household conditions.

8 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The claimed invention relates to the field of purification of drinking water, specifically to electrochemical water purifiers, and can be used for water purification in domestic conditions.

Electrochemical water purification devices have the widest range of contaminants removed from water. In this case, after treatment, the salt composition characteristic of the region practically does not change, since during the treatment, mainly impurities introduced into the water due to the activity of human society are removed. During the electrochemical treatment of water, accumulation of removed impurities in the device does not occur, therefore, the quality of the treated water remains unchanged throughout its life.

A device for electrochemical purification of contaminated liquids according to US patent No. 4321125, CO2 5/12, publication 03/23/1982.

In the apparatus for electrochemical cleaning, the electrolyzer and the flotator are combined in one housing. A package of soluble electrodes is installed in the lower part of the apparatus. In the upper part of the body, an opening is made for the outlet of purified water and sludge. The supply of cleaned fluid is carried out from the side. A container is also installed on the casing for settling the mixture of water and sludge poured from the casing and separating the purified liquid from the sludge.

A device for the electrochemical purification of drinking water according to the patent RU 2180322, C02F 1/463, publication 03/10/2002, which contains a reactor with a packet of parallel soluble electrodes, in which a packet of soluble electrodes is installed above the electroflotation electrodes. The upper part of the reactor is made in the form of a truncated cone, on which the capacity of the sludge collector is fixed, and a cover in the form of a reverse cone is installed on the upper opening of the reactor.

A device for electrochemical purification of drinking water is also known patent RU 2236381, C02F 1/463, publication 20.04.2004. The device comprises an electrocoagulation electrode unit with a stack of parallel cathodes and soluble anodes, electroflotation electrodes and a reactor, in the upper part of which a sludge tank is fixed. In the upper opening of the reactor there is a lid in the form of a reverse cone with the possibility of vertical movement. The electrode block is made in a separate housing.

A device for electrochemical purification of drinking water according to the patent RU 2203226 C02F 1/463, publication 27.04.2003.

The device comprises a flotation chamber, an electrolyzer with a package of soluble electrodes mounted under the flotation chamber, and a filter placed along the walls of the flotation chamber, forming a cavity with its walls for collecting purified water and its outlet through an opening in the flotation chamber.

The invention is known RU 2043308 "Method for the electrochemical purification of drinking water", C02F 15/46, publication 10.09.1995. The present invention describes a device in which a packet of soluble electrodes in the form of parallel plates is placed in the upper part of the container. Some of the electrodes - anodes - are made of aluminum alloy, another part of the electrodes - cathodes - are made of an iron alloy. This invention is the closest analogue. The device also requires a filter that is used to filter purified water from residual sludge.

The disadvantage of this device is due to the fact that in the tank where the electrolysis is carried out, water is not sufficiently mixed in the electrolysis process, which leads to low productivity of the device and insufficient degree of purification.

The technical result achieved in the claimed invention is to create a design of a high degree of purification due to the multiple passage of purified water through the electrode block using convection flows in the reactor. Moreover, the device has a simple, technological and efficient design.

This result is achieved by the fact that the device for electrochemical water purification comprises a reactor vessel with a lid, a cartridge containing three vertically arranged electrodes is placed inside the vessel. In the upper part of the side electrodes, windows are made for passage into the free volume of the reactor vessel of a water stream rising between the electrodes. The cartridge is located in the middle of the reactor vessel above its bottom, and the volume that the cartridge occupies inside the reactor vessel is no more than one third of the total internal volume of the reactor vessel.

The treated water is supplied between the electrodes of the cartridge, where it is saturated with hydroxides of the metal of the anode and bubbles of gases, hydrogen and oxygen formed during the electrolysis. The laminar flow of the treated water in the space between the electrodes creates the conditions for mixing water with gas bubbles and micelles and flakes of metal hydroxide anodes as coagulation electrodes. In the space between the electrodes, electrocoagulation is carried out and water is disinfected to a large extent.

Further, the stream of water with sludge goes through the windows in the electrodes into the free volume of the reactor, where the sludge floats up, and the water stream first spreads along the surface, and then goes down. Bubbles of hydrogen and oxygen, capturing the smallest particles of suspended matter, rise up, carrying out flotation processes. With the help of the smallest gas bubbles formed during the electrolysis, almost all finely dispersed suspensions of substances, hydroxides of heavy metals, polymers, fats, oils, oil products and so on are floated.

In the free volume, the fluid flow becomes turbulent, moves in layers, descending to the bottom of the free zone of the reactor, which contributes to the flotation process. A stream of water that has descended to the bottom partially enters the interelectrode space, is again subjected to the process of electrolysis and electrocoagulation.

Increasing the degree of purification is due to the fact that water passes repeatedly between the electrodes due to convection flows provided by the design of the device. Water rising between the electrodes and being purified by electrocoagulation and electroflotation processes rises and naturally, through the windows in the electrodes, enters the free, unoccupied by the electrodes volume of the reactor vessel. Since the windows are made in the lateral surfaces of the electrodes, the flow propagates parallel to the surface of the water, and then falls down along the opposite walls of the reactor vessel. At the bottom of the reactor vessel, the flow is partially drawn into the interelectrode space, and partially twisted in the form of a vortex in the center of the lateral volumes of the reactor vessel, preventing the formation of a stagnant zone. The water cycle in the reactor is maintained continuously during the supply of voltage to the electrodes of the cartridge and some time after the voltage is removed.

The central solid electrode — the anode — can be made of aluminum alloy, and the side electrodes — soluble cathodes — are made of stainless steel.

Windows in the side electrodes can be made at the level of the bay of purified water. In this case, the resulting coagulant is easily removed from the interelectrode space by a stream of water.

The cover may be removable or rotatable.

In a particular case, the cartridge is configured to be installed in the housing cover and comprises a device for supplying electrical voltage to the electrodes of the cartridge.

The cassette electrodes may be mounted in parallel, and the electrode windows may have a rectangular shape.

The device may include a filter unit and a pump for supplying water from the reactor vessel for filtration and consumption, while the pump is connected to a pipe located in the bottom of the reactor vessel.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a device in the form of a vertical section of the reactor vessel, Figure 2 shows a General view of the cassette with electrodes, Figure 3 and Figure 4 shows flow patterns in the reactor, Figure 5 (side view) and Figure 6 ( bottom view) shows an embodiment of a household device for electrochemical water treatment.

A device for electrochemical water treatment (Figure 1 - Figure 4) comprises a reactor vessel 1 with a removable cover 2. The cover 2 can also be made rotatable, for example on a hinge. Inside the housing 1 there is a cassette 3, containing three vertically and parallel electrodes. The central electrode 4 — the soluble anode — is made of aluminum alloy, and the side electrodes 5 — cathodes — are made of stainless steel. The cartridge 3 is installed in the cover 2. The cartridge 3 contains a device 8 for supplying electrical voltage to the electrodes of the cartridge 3.

In the upper part of the side electrodes 5, below the line 12 of the purified water into the device casing, windows 6 are made for passage into the free volume of the reactor body 1 of the water flow rising between the electrodes 4 and 5. The cartridge 3 is located in the middle part of the reactor body 1 above its bottom .

After filling with water, a voltage is applied to the electrodes, which, as a rule, is 24 V, and the current is several amperes. In the process of electrochemical processing, metal hydroxides and gas bubbles, mainly hydrogen, are formed in the interelectrode space. In the space between the electrodes, a coagulant formation zone is formed, and coagulation processes begin. The process of coagulation in the reactor volume continues under the conditions of convective mixing of the treated water. In the process of electrochemical treatment, a water stream (see Figure 3 - Figure 4) exits through the windows 6 into the free volume of the reactor, spreads along the surface, gradually acquires the character of a turbulent one and begins to make a circular motion, again entering the space between the electrodes 4 and 5 of the cartridge 3. Part of the stream performs a circular motion in the free zones 17 of the vessel 1 of the reactor. Due to this flow movement in the free volume, flotation processes occur. Bubbles of gases capture the smallest particles of sludge and lift them up, where sludge (coagulant with impurities sorbed on it) is formed at the surface of water 12, containing impurities removed from the water. During processing, a certain amount of solid impurities can be deposited on the bottom of the housing 1.

The process of electrochemical treatment of water lasts from 10 to 20 minutes, then the power supply stops, but the coagulation process continues for some time. After that, the purified water can be separated from the sludge and drained for consumption.

For ease of use, the device for electrochemical water treatment (FIG. 5, FIG. 6) is supplemented by a filter unit 9, a pump 10 for supplying water from the housing 1 and a pipe 15 for draining completely purified water.

Pour the purified water into the housing 1 of the device not higher than the line 12 of the gulf of water. Close the housing 1 with a cover 2 and insert a cassette 3 with electrodes into the cover. Power is supplied from the power supply 16 to the electrodes of the cartridge 3. At the end of the electrochemical treatment, the treated water is allowed to stand for at least 8-10 minutes. The purified water is discharged from the reactor vessel through the pipe 11 by means of a pump 10. After draining the water, the housing 1 and the electrode cassette 3 are washed from the sludge.

A device for electrochemical water treatment provides reliable purification and preparation of drinking water, while maintaining the salt balance of the liquid.

Claims (8)

1. A device for electrochemical water treatment, characterized in that it contains a reactor vessel with a cover, a cassette is placed inside the vessel containing three vertically arranged electrodes, the central electrode is solid, and windows are provided in the side electrodes for passage into the free volume of the water flow reactor vessel, rising between the electrodes, while the cassette is located in the central part of the reactor vessel above its bottom, and the volume occupied by the cartridge inside the reactor vessel is not more third of the total internal volume of the reactor vessel. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the central electrode-soluble anode is made of aluminum alloy, and the side electrodes-cathodes are made of stainless steel. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the said windows in the side electrodes are made at the level of the bay of purified water. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the said cover is removable or rotatable. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said cassette is arranged to be installed in said housing cover and comprises a device for supplying electrical voltage to the cassette electrodes. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the said electrodes are installed in parallel. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said electrode windows have a rectangular shape. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a filter unit and a pump for supplying water from the reactor vessel for filtration and consumption, while the pump is connected to a pipe located in the bottom of the reactor vessel.

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