RU48164U1 - PRECISION STROGAL MACHINE OF AUTOMATED ENGRAVING COMPLEX - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used for automated planing of products with a complex spatial profile of fragments of a finished engraving in the functional layer of the product. The machine tool contains: a bed 1 with a vertical stand 2; headstock 3 with a rotating spindle 4; skid 7; the main table 9 mounted on the slide 7; positioning device for the spatial orientation of the workpiece; optical-electronic measuring system for monitoring and correcting the position of the apex and / or cutting edge of the tool 12. The design features of the machine are as follows. The machine further comprises means of digitizing the working surface of the workpiece functional layer, configured to transmit the results of digitization in the memory of the control computer of the CNC system to provide correction of the original control programs. The optical-electronic measuring system includes one television computer microscope 34. which is fixedly mounted on the main table 9 of the machine so that the main optical axis of its lens 35 is oriented in the direction of the reciprocating movement of the main table 9 and coordinate adapted with the zero point of the base system XYZ reference machine and zero point source control programs. The tool mounting means 12 is located directly on the spindle 4 with the possibility of aligning the longitudinal axis of the tool 12 with the axis of rotation of the spindle 4. The longitudinal axis of the flat springs 27 of the fixing nodes 23 of the device for the spatial orientation of the workpiece are located relative to each other at angles other than 0 ° or 180 (and are oriented along the base plane 30 of the mounting element 14 at an angle close to or equal to 0 ° or 180 °. The self-aligning surfaces of the supporting electrically fixed on the base element 13 The elements 19 of the peripheral support nodes 16 are cylindrical.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be mainly used in automated mechanical processing of products with a complex spatial profile of fragments of a finished engraving pattern formed by processing by planing (planing cutter) on the working surface of the workpiece functional layer (for example, metallographic model forms for the production of cash signs and other securities) through precision planing machines with a numerical control system ( CNC) automated engraving systems.

The prior art precision planing machine for an automated engraving complex comprising a bed, a device for attaching and moving a tool, as well as a device for spatial positioning and moving a workpiece associated with a system for ensuring the movement of the respective nodes of these devices. The device for fastening and moving the tool is made in the form of a headstock mounted on a vertical stand and including a sleeve and a main spindle installed in the headstock body and kinematically connected with the latter and with each other with the possibility of vertical movement and limited rotation, respectively. At the lower end of the main spindle, a support platform with a slider is fixed. The latter includes means for securing the tool and is kinematically connected with the support plan with the possibility of radial movement relative to the axis of rotation of the said main spindle. Devices for spatial positioning and movement of the workpiece are made in the form of a cross table with a rotary table placed on it, on the face plate of which there is a means for spatial orientation of the workpiece. In addition, the machine is equipped with: an additional drilling and milling spindle mounted on a vertical stand in parallel

main spindle with the possibility of autonomous rotation and limited autonomous vertical movement. In this case, the drilling and milling spindle is kinematically connected with the spindle head sleeve with the possibility of limited vertical movement together with the said sleeve. The machine is also equipped with: a tool magazine (with a drive for moving it) mounted on the cross table with the possibility of functional interaction with the slider of the said support platform during automatic tool change; a video block for correcting the position of the top and / or cutting edge of the tool mounted on the cross table with the ability to visualize the cutting part of the tool on the monitor screen of the control computer; benchmark means for indexing the position of the workpiece in a horizontal plane, the base plane of which is offset from the mounting surface of the faceplate of the turntable by a constant value, which is functionally a constant of the machine; as well as the CNC system functionally connected through the control panel with the processor of the control computer.

The tool for the spatial orientation of the workpiece contains interconnected basic and spatially orientated mounting elements located between them self-mounted central and adjustable peripheral support nodes with support elements, as well as means for fixing a given spatial position of the installation element. The basic and spatially oriented installation elements are connected by at least one elastic element located in the region bounded by the centers of the supporting elements of the central and peripheral supporting nodes located in the region of the vertices of the triangle. Each peripheral support node is made in the form of two support elements with self-aligning surfaces, the first of which is rigidly fixed to the base element, and the second (whose self-aligning surface is made spherical) is kinematically connected to the first by means of a spring-loaded lever and an adjusting element with a wedge profile. The adjusting element is arranged to move between the self-aligning

surfaces of said support elements. Means for fixing a given spatial position of the mounting element is made in the form of at least three locking nodes located on the periphery of the device, each of which consists of clamping means and a flat spring rigidly connected to the base element. One end of the flat spring is rigidly fixed to the mounting element, and the other is located with the possibility of its rigid fixation in the area of the clamping elements of the said clamping means.

The centers of the spherical support elements of each support node are located at the vertices of a right-angled triangle. The vertex of the right angle corresponds to the location of the center of the spherical support element of the central support node.

The video block includes two identical (connected to the monitor controlling the movement of the computer machine) television computer microscopes, the main optical axis of the micro-lenses of which are located in planes parallel to the plane of the axes "X" and "U" of the coordinate system of the machine and are oriented along the mentioned axes "X" and “Y”, while the value “z” of the relative displacement of the planes of location of the mentioned optical axes along the axis “Z” of the coordinate system of the machine reference frame is functionally the stant of this machine (RU, utility model certificate No. 14022).

The disadvantages of this planing machine known from the prior art include the design complexity and insufficient positioning accuracy in order to improve the quality and accuracy of processing products with a complex spatial profile of the microrelief of the pattern of the engraving being formed (in the functional layer of the workpiece).

This is explained, firstly, by the fact that this known from the prior art machine does not provide for the possibility of correcting control programs of the CNC system to deviate from the flatness of the working surface of the workpiece functional layer according to the results of digitization according to the coordinates “z” of the set (located at a given step) points of this surface in the digitization area (the shape and area of which

governed by the shape and area of the engraving pattern formed on this surface).

And, secondly, by the fact that the reference (base) coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z _{1 of the} machine tool (in particular, its zero point) is formed in isolation from the spatial position and microrelief of the working surface of the workpiece functional layer.

As a result of this, the positioning and counting of tool movements during the formation of fragments of the volumetric engraving pattern in the workpiece functional layer are conducted from the generated zero point of the reference system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ counts according to the CNC control programs without taking into account their additional correction according to the digitization results.

It should be noted that the accuracy of processing is the most important quality criterion, for example, for metallographic model forms used in the process of manufacturing banknotes and other securities, because this processing parameter usually provides additional degrees of protection against counterfeiting of the said valuable products.

The claimed structural design of a precision planing machine of an automated engraving complex was based on the task of simplifying its design while providing (using the means known from the prior art) the simplification of the technology of precision positioning of the apex and, accordingly, the cutting part of the tool in a three-coordinate reference system with increasing positioning accuracy for purposes improving the quality and accuracy of processing products with a complex spatial profile of the microrelief of rice Single formed (in the functional layer preform) prints.

The task is achieved due to the fact that the precision planing machine of an automated engraving complex, comprising: a bed with a vertical stand; a headstock mounted on a stand with a coordinate C rotating in the X plane with respect to the Z axis of the base system XVZ of the machine reference frame with a spindle with

means for fastening the tool, which is placed in a sleeve kinematically connected to the headstock by means of a ball screw mechanism with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the Z axis; a slide mounted on a bed in horizontal guides with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the Y axis by means of a ball screw mechanism; the main table mounted on a slide in horizontal guides with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the X axis by means of a ball screw mechanism; a positioning device for the spatial orientation of the workpiece relative to the XY plane, stationary mounted relative to the mounting surface of the main table; autonomous drive means of the aforementioned ball screw mechanisms; optical-electronic measuring system for monitoring and correcting the position of the tip and / or cutting edge of the tool relative to the base system ХУZ of the machine readout, mounted on the main table with the ability to visualize the cutting part of the tool on the monitor screen of the control computer of a numerical program control (CNC) system using the original control programs while the CNC system is functionally connected through the control panel to the processor of the control computer, and the positioning device for the spatial orientation of the workpiece contains interconnected basic and spatially orientated installation elements located between them self-aligning central and adjustable peripheral support nodes with support elements, as well as means for fixing a given spatial position of the installation element, while the basic and spatially oriented installation elements are connected at least one elastic element located in a region bounded by not the vertices of the triangle by the centers of the support elements of the central and peripheral support nodes, but each peripheral support node is made in the form of two support elements with self-aligning surfaces, the first of which is rigidly fixed to the base element, and the second,

the self-aligning surface of which is made spherical, kinematically connected with the first by means of a spring-loaded lever and an adjusting element with a wedge profile, which is positioned to move between the self-aligning surfaces of the said support elements, and the means for fixing the given spatial position of the installation element are made in the form of at least peripheral devices at least three fixing nodes, each of which consists of a rigidly connected to the base by clamping means and a flat spring, one end of which is rigidly fixed to the mounting element, and the other is located with the possibility of its rigid fixation in the area of the clamping elements of said clamping means, according to the invention, further includes means for digitizing the working surface of the workpiece functional layer, made with the possibility of transmitting the results digitization in the memory of the control computer of the CNC system to ensure the correction of the original control programs; The optoelectronic measuring system includes one television computer microscope, which is stationary mounted on the main table of the machine in such a way that the main optical axis of its lens is oriented in the direction of reciprocating movement of the main table and coordinate adapted with the zero point of the basic system of the machine’s reference frame and the zero point source control programs; tool fastening means is located directly on the spindle with the possibility of ensuring alignment along the Z axis of the longitudinal axis of the tool with the axis of rotation of the spindle along coordinate C; the longitudinal axes of the flat springs of the fixing nodes of the device for the spatial orientation of the workpiece are located relative to each other at angles other than 0 ° or 180 ° and are oriented along the base plane of the mounting element at an angle close to or equal to 0 ° or 180 °, and the self-aligning surfaces are rigidly fixed to the base an element of the supporting elements of the peripheral supporting nodes are made cylindrical.

It is advisable to place the device for the spatial orientation of the workpiece directly on the mounting surface of the main table.

Optimally, the means of fixing the predetermined spatial position of the mounting element of the device for the spatial orientation of the workpiece are performed in the form of three fixing nodes in which the longitudinal axes of the flat springs should be oriented along the sides of an equilateral triangle.

It is reasonable to equip the optoelectronic measuring system with a screen located in the field of view of the television computer microscope lens behind the instrument input zone into this field, as well as two illuminators, one of which is installed with the ability to illuminate the screen, and the other to the front surface of the cutting part of the tool.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by signs and relationships between them that are identical to all the essential features of the claimed technical solution , and the prototype selected from the list of identified analogues, as the analogue closest in the set of features, made it possible to identify the set of essential (p relative to the applicant sees technical result) distinguishing features in the claimed object set forth in the claims.

Therefore, the claimed technical solution meets the patentability criterion of NOVELTY under current law.

The invention is illustrated in graphic materials.

Figure 1 - General view of the machine (front view).

Figure 2 - General view of the machine (left view of figure 1).

Figure 3 - remote control of the machine.

Figure 4 is a kinematic diagram of the machine (front view).

Figure 5 - kinematic diagram of the machine (right side view of figure 4).

6 is a General view of the device for the spatial orientation of the products (plan view).

Fig.7 is a section a - a in Fig.6

Fig. 8 is a view along arrow "B" in Fig. 7 (indicating the spatial orientation of the longitudinal axis / dash dotted line without position / flat spring relative to the base plane of the mounting element).

Fig.9 is a rack with a spindle head (side view).

Figure 10 is a fragment of the rack (front view).

11 is a view G of figure 10.

Fig. 12 is a cross-section bB of Fig. 10.

Fig - headstock (side view).

Fig. 14 is a headstock (left view of Fig. 13).

Fig - optoelectronic measuring system.

Fig is a diagram of the digitization of a fragment of the engraving.

17 is an algorithm for digitizing a portion of a workpiece’s working surface by contact measuring means (i.e., by the contact method) by means of an inductive sensor.

Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of the correction along the coordinates "x ₁ " and "y ₁ " of the longitudinal axis of the tool (passing through its top) relative to the actual axis of rotation of the machine spindle (parallel to the Z or Z ₁ axis)

The machine operates as part of an automated engraving complex for the manufacture of printing plates in the conditions of automated individual production of products under the control of a CNC system.

The design of a precision planing machine for an automated engraving complex is described below and includes the following components, mechanisms and systems.

A bed 1 with a vertical stand 2. A spindle head 3 placed on a stand 2 with a rotating spindle 4 (equipped with tools for fastening the tool (tools for fastening the tool are located directly on the spindle 4) (with the C coordinate in the X plane relative to the Z axis of the XYZ machine reference system) with the possibility of alignment along the Z axis of the longitudinal axis of the tool with the axis of rotation

spindle 4 at coordinate C). The spindle 4 is placed in the sleeve 5, kinematically connected with the spindle head 3 by means of a ball screw mechanism (in the form of a ball screw pair 6) with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the Z axis. The slide 7 mounted on the frame 1 in horizontal guides with the possibility of reciprocating translational movement along the Y axis by means of a ball screw mechanism (in the form of a ball screw pair 8). The main table 9, mounted on a slide 7 in horizontal guides with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the X axis by means of a ball screw mechanism (in the form of a ball screw pair 10). A positioning device for the spatial orientation of the workpiece relative to the XY plane, stationary mounted relative to the mounting surface of the main table 9 (mainly directly on the mounting surface of the main table 9). Autonomous drive means of the aforementioned ball screw mechanisms (for example, in the form of electric motors 11 of the Siemens IFK60GO-6AFN-IAAO model). Optoelectronic measuring system for monitoring and correcting the position of the tip and / or cutting edge of the tool relative to the basic XYZ reference system of the machine. This system is installed on the main table 9 with the ability to visualize the cutting part of the tool 12 on the monitor screen of the control computer of the CNC system using the original control programs (the CNC system is functionally connected via the control panel to the processor of the control computer). Means of digitizing the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece, made with the possibility of transferring the results of digitization to the memory of the control computer of the CNC system to provide correction of the original control programs.

The positioning device for the spatial orientation of the workpiece contains interconnected base and spatially oriented installation elements 13 and 14, respectively. The self-aligning central support unit 15 located between them and the adjustable peripheral support units 16

with supporting elements 17. As well as means for fixing a predetermined spatial position of the mounting element 14. In this case, the base element 13 and the spatially oriented mounting element 14 are connected by at least one elastic element 18 located in the region bounded by the support centers located in the region of the vertices of the triangle. elements 17 of the Central support node 15 and peripheral support nodes 16. Each peripheral support node 16 is made in the form of two support elements 19 and 20 with self-aligning surfaces, ne the first of which (element 19) is rigidly fixed to the base element 13, and the second (element 20, the self-aligning surface of which is made spherical) is kinematically connected to the first by means of a spring-loaded lever 21 and an adjusting element 22 with a wedge profile, which is arranged to move between the self-aligning surfaces said supporting elements 19 and 20. Means for fixing a predetermined spatial position of the mounting element 14 are made in the form located on the periphery of the device, at least three locking nodes 23, each of which consists of clamping means rigidly connected to the base element 13 (made, for example, in the form of two mutually movable, mainly spring-connected, relative to the base element 13 spring-loaded clamping jaws 24 25 and 26 ) and the flat spring 27. The clamping jaw 25 is rigidly fixed to the base element 13, and the mutual movement of the clamping jaws 25 and 26 is carried out by means of a threaded pair (in the form of a screw 28 and a nut 29) and a spring 24. One end of the flat spring 27 is a gesture kok is fixed on the mounting element 14, and the other is located with the possibility of rigid fixation in the area of the clamping elements (jaws 25 and 26) of the said clamping means. The longitudinal axes (in Fig. 8 the axis is indicated by a dashed line) of the flat springs 27 of the fixing nodes 23 of the device for the spatial orientation of the workpiece are located relative to each other at angles other than 0 ° or 180 ° and are oriented along the reference plane 30 of the installation element at an angle close to or equal to 0 ° or 180 °. Self-aligning surfaces fixed to the base

element 13 of the supporting elements 19 of the peripheral supporting nodes 16 are cylindrical.

Optimally, the means of fixing the predetermined spatial position of the mounting element of the device for the spatial orientation of the workpiece are performed in the form of three fixing nodes 23, in which the longitudinal axes of the flat springs 27 are oriented along the sides of an equilateral triangle.

An emphasis 31, two scales 32 and two strips 33 can be placed on the upper base plane 30 of the mounting element 14, which are movable and fixed in the grooves of the mounting element 14. The strap 33, conjugated with the scale 32, moves to the center by an amount equal to half the width of the workpiece and is set parallel to the course of the main table 9 (coordinate X), after which it is fixed. The second bar 33 in the process of moving presses the workpiece to the first bar 33. Thus, the workpiece is based in the direction of the Y axis. In the direction of the X axis, the workpiece is brought to the stop 31. After basing, the workpiece is pressed to the base plane 30 of the mounting element 14.

It should be noted that the use in the fixing nodes 23 of precisely flat springs 27 (and not rigid plates or rods) provides:

- firstly, the exclusion of any change in the exposed spatial position of the product when fixing the corresponding ends of the flat springs 27 with the jaws 25 and 26 of the fixing nodes 23 (since during the above-mentioned fixing, any force impact on the supporting nodes 16, capable of change their spatial position);

- and, secondly, with the presence and appropriate mutual arrangement of at least three such flat springs 27, a rigid (and not elastic) spatial interconnection of the base element 13 is provided (for which, for example, the machine table 9 can be used) with the setting element 14 during the subsequent manipulation of the product, that is, the change is completely eliminated

spatial orientation of the product in the process, for example, machining with planing. Therefore, in the case under consideration, the set of flat springs 27 plays the role of a rigid bonding agent, despite the fact that it includes only elastic elements.

The optoelectronic measuring system includes one television computer microscope 34, which is stationary mounted on the main table 9 of the machine so that the main optical axis of its lens 35 is oriented in the direction of the reciprocating movement of the main table 9 and coordinate adapted with the zero point of the base system XYZ reference machine and zero point source control programs. The optoelectronic measuring system can be equipped with a screen 36 (located in the field of view of the lens 35 of the television computer microscope 34 behind the input area of the instrument 12 into this field) as well as two illuminators 37 and 38, one of which (illuminator 37) is installed with the possibility of illumination screen 36, and the other (illuminator 37) - the front surface of the cutting part of the tool 12.

The machine tool can also be equipped with pneumatic equipment, including a nozzle 39 (installed with the possibility of blowing the cutting zone in order to remove cutting products in the form of micro-chips) and an exhaust device 40 placed opposite the nozzle 39 with the possibility of suction of the removed cutting products from the processing zone.

Manual control panel includes:

- button 41 emergency shutdown drives;

- button 42 start electrical equipment;

- a stub 43;

- buttons 44 on / off spindle 4;

- buttons 45 on / off drives;

- button 46 mode selection;

- buttons 47 on / off additional equipment;

- buttons 48 select the axis and feed rate;

- switch 49 selects the speed of rotation of the spindle 4 in percentage terms;

- switch 50 selects the feed rate of the drives as a percentage;

- lock 51 selection of the commissioning operation.

The electrical equipment of the machine is located in the control cabinet 52.

The precision planing machine is designed for multi-pass planing of complex patterns (reliefs) on metallographic forms in the automatic (or partially semi-automatic) mode in the conditions of small-scale production in a specially equipped room (temperature control, vibration isolation).

The machine was created on the basis of the coordinate boring machine model 2431 SF 10 using its main body parts (bed, slide, table, stand, spindle head housing) with their completion and equipping with additional units and devices.

For example, the design of the rack 2 with the headstock 3 is shown in more detail in Fig.9 - Fig.12. Spindle head 3 and a counterweight are mounted on stand 2. The counterweight is mounted on the rack 2 by means of the bracket 53 through the spacer sleeves 54. Two cables 56 are attached to the housing of the headstock 3 by means of a clamp 55, carrying (through four pulleys 57 mounted on the bracket 53), a platform 58 on which counterbalance loads 59 are mounted. To prevent the displacement of loads 59 when moving the headstock 3 in them and in the platform 58, holes are made through which a bar 60 passes, mounted on a rack 2 by means of an upper bar 61 and a lower plate 62.

A General view of the headstock 3 and its constituent nodes is shown in Fig.13 and Fig.14. The housing of the headstock 3 is fixedly mounted on the rack 2 of the machine. The spindle 4 along the “Z” coordinate is moved from the electric motor 11 of the IFK60GO-6AFH-IAAO Siemens model, for example, through a coupling 63 and a ball screw pair 6 (whose nut is rigidly fixed to the housing / sleeve 5 / spindle 4) along the guides 64 sec using ball wedges 65 mounted on the frame 66. Counting movements

the “Z” coordinate is produced, for example, by an incremental linear sensor 67 of the LIR7-1-0190 model, the ruler of which is fixed to the spindle housing 4, and the read head on a fixed frame 66.

The clamping mechanism of the tool 12 consists of a tool socket 68, which is mounted on the lower end of the spindle 4. The tool 12 is clamped by an eccentric 69 using a spring 70. The expansion is carried out by compressing the spring 70 using the lever 71. The tool 12 can be changed in any place convenient for the operator (angular position of spindle 4).

The machine is equipped with a CNC type Sinumerik 840Di CNC device and a system for preparing control programs for execution on CNC based on an Intel-compatible personal computer.

The main technical data and characteristics of the machine are presented below.

The working surface of the main table: width - 320 mm, length -560 mm.

The greatest course of the main table 9, not less: longitudinal (coordinate X) -400 mm; transverse (i.e., slide run 7, coordinate Y) -220 mm.

The greatest stroke of the sleeve 5 with the spindle 4 of the headstock 3 (coordinate Z) is not less than 80 mm.

The largest angle of rotation of the spindle 4 (coordinate C), not less than 360 ° x N.

The distance from the axis of the spindle 4 to the rack is 2-320 mm.

Optoelectronic measuring system (instrument control and positioning system 12) includes:

- the number of television computer microscopes 34-1pcs.;

- the resolution of the microscope is 34-1.0 microns;

field of view of the microscope 34 (height x width) - 0.6 x 0.9 mm;

Coordinate working speed (stepless regulation):

- X, Y, Z-10 ... 500 mm / min;

- C (when planing) - 0.05 ... 14 rpm.

Speed of quick movements in coordinates:

- X and Y - 2000 mm / min;

- Z - 600 mm / min;

- C - 14.0 rpm.

The number of controlled coordinates is 4.

Discreteness of the task of moving in coordinates:

- X, Y and 2-0.1 microns;

- C - 0.005 degrees.

Machine accuracy indicators:

- the straightness of the trajectory of movement along the coordinates X and Y - 2.0 microns;

- perpendicularity of the direction of movement of the main table 9 (X) to the trajectory of the slide 7 (Y) - 2.0 microns;

- the parallelism of the working surface of the positioning device for the spatial orientation of the workpiece (i.e., the device for attaching the workpieces) to movements along the X and Y axes is 3.0 μm;

- radial runout of the control mandrel at a reach of 20 mm - 1.5 microns;

- repeatability of movements (one-way positioning):

- table 9 and slide 7 (coordinates X and Y) - ± 1.0 microns;

- spindle 4 spindle head 3 (coordinate Z) - ± 0.5 microns.

Characteristics of a numerical control device (CNC):

- device type - Sinumerik 840Di;

- operating system - Windows NT;

- coding system - ISO code;

- ROM capacity - 256 KB;

- RAM capacity - 128 MB;

- the capacity of the hard disk is 4.2 GB;

- the capacity of the floppy drive - 1.44 MB;

- the number of relay inputs / outputs - 64;

- display: type - TTF; diagonal - 15.1 inch.

Electrical characteristics:

- type of current supply network - alternating, three-phase;

- voltage - 380 V;

- frequency - 50 Hz.

Electric motor 11 for longitudinal movement of the main table 9 (along the X axis):

- rated power - 0.8 kW;

- maximum speed - 3000 rpm;

- rated torque - 6.0 Nm.

The electric motor 11 of the transverse movement of the table 9 (along the Y axis, i.e., the movement of the slide 7):

- rated power - 0.8 kW;

- maximum speed - 3000 rpm;

- rated torque - 6.0 Nm.

The motor 11 of the vertical movement of the spindle 4 (along the Z axis):

- rated power - 0.8 kW;

- maximum speed - 3000 rpm;

- rated torque - 6.0 Nm.

The electric motor 11 of the rotation of the spindle 4 (coordinate C):

- rated power - 0.8 kW;

- maximum speed - 6000 rpm;

- rated torque - 1.3 Nm.

The total power of the machine's electrical equipment is 8 kW.

Characteristics of pneumatic equipment:

- pressure of the supplied air -1.0 MPa (10 kG / cm ² )

- the highest flow rate of compressed air at a pressure of 1 MPa (10 kG / cm ² ) - 0.0027 m ³ / s (0.16 m ³ / min).

The technical essence of the preparation for work and operation of the claimed precision planing machine of an automated engraving complex is as follows.

Before the formation of the reference coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ carry out the correction of the original control programs of the CNC system (for example, type CNC model Sinumerik 840Di) on the deviation from flatness

the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece. In this case, the workpiece is pre-fixed on the mounting surface of the device for spatial orientation and oriented along the XY plane of the orthogonal coordinate system XYZ of the machine reference (i.e., pre-positioning is performed).

The preliminary positioning of the fixed workpiece by means of a device for spatial orientation before digitization is carried out by determining and registering with the appropriate means of measuring the coordinate values “z” of at least three points of the working surface of the workpiece functional layer that do not lie on one straight line and subsequent alignment in the range of permissible deviations the values of these values through peripheral adjusting nodes 16 of the device for spatial orientation of the workpiece approx.

To carry out the said correction of the initial control programs, the set of points (located at a given step) of the points of the working surface of the workpiece functional layer in the digitizing section is digitized using the z coordinates, the shape and area of which are regulated by the shape and area of the engraving pattern formed on this surface. Digitization starts from the point farthest from the center of the digitization plot and continues by scanning the digitization plot with measuring instruments to ensure registration of the “z” coordinate values at each digitization point (digitization accuracy is ensured within the range of 20 ... 30 μm) and automatic correction of CNC control programs according to the results of digitization.

Digitization of the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece is a technological operation necessary for the correct formation of an engraving pattern on this surface. As a rule, the surface of the workpiece has a smooth change in geometry (in particular, the height of the irregularities with respect to the plane XY of the coordinate system of the machine). To account for this change, the aforementioned digitization of the workpiece is performed. For this, various measuring instruments known from the prior art can be used, which are divided into contact and

contactless. For example, the inductive sensor used in this automated engraving complex is a contact. Non-contact measuring instruments include, for example, interferometers and laser meters. The latter have an important advantage over contact ones, since there is no need to raise / lower the sensor above the surface of the workpiece, so as not to damage its mirror working surface during scanning. However, the cost of a laser meter is significantly higher than the cost of a contact sensor.

Another disadvantage of a contact meter is the presence of an inertial element (i.e., a spring) in it, which requires appropriate consideration (in particular, determining the exposure time interval for damping oscillatory processes) when registering the measured value.

The workpiece is digitized using an inductive sensor connected to the inductive transducer installed in socket 68 of the tool holder 12 (i.e., spindle 4 of the machine headstock 3). The inductive converter has an analog output on which an output signal is generated in the form of a voltage level. The output signal is fed to one of the inputs of the analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) board installed in a personal electronic computer (PC) of the CNC system.

To avoid interference, including that generated by a pulsed power source of the inductive converter, the connection is made according to a differential circuit.

At the input of the ADC board, the maximum value (upper limit of the range) corresponds to + 5V, and the minimum (lower limit of the range) -5V. The resolution of the ADC is 12 bits. Thus, with a maximum input range of ± 5V, the resolution will be 0.0025V, therefore, with a maximum measurement range of an inductive transducer of ± 100 μm, the resolution of measurements will be 0.05 μm (which is two orders of magnitude higher than the positioning accuracy in the Z coordinate provided directly by the machine).

Thus, to organize the digitization process, it is necessary:

- determine the dimensions formed on the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece drawing engravings;

- assign a step size between adjacent digitization points;

- to form a set of frames (teams) for practicing on the machine;

- determine the exposure time required to cancel the oscillatory effects of the inductive sensor spring on the measurement result;

- organize a sequential bypass of each of the digitization points (i.e., scanning a digitization area).

The step between adjacent points of digitization is selected based on the density of the elements of the engraving pattern and the quality of the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece used.

The formation of a set of frames (teams) implies the creation of a sequence of commands for organizing the digitization process. Since a contact measuring tool is used (i.e., an inductive sensor), there is a need to raise the inductive sensor above the working surface of the workpiece functional layer when it moves (during scanning) to the next digitizing point.

The algorithm for digitizing the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece can be represented in the form, as shown in Fig.17 graphic materials.

The digitization scheme of a fragment of the digitizing portion of the working surface of the workpiece functional layer is shown in Fig. 16 graphic materials (a fragment of the workpiece with a digitizing grid deposited on it is shown).

Correction of control programs of the CNC system to deviate from the flatness of the working surface of the workpiece functional layer by (correction along the Z coordinate) takes into account irregularities of the work surface of the workpiece functional layer (on which the engraving pattern is formed). Based on the results of digitization, appropriate changes are made to the original control program at the coordinate Z.

To calculate the actual coordinate (z0) of an arbitrary current (PO) (located on the digitizing section), triangular planes are formed between the digitizing points, which allow determining the necessary increment (dz) from the Z coordinate.

According to Fig.16 graphic materials:

point P0 - this is the point for which the correction of the control program is performed in the coordinate Z;

the set of points P1, P2, and P3 determine the nearest plane that encompasses the point PO for which correction is performed.

To determine the increment (dz) by the Z coordinate, a system of equations is compiled:

Having solved the system of equations, the increment (dz) in the Z coordinate can be calculated by the formula:

dz = A · x0 + B · y0 + C

Thus, the new value (z ¹ ) along the Z coordinate at the point (x0, y0) will be equal to:

z '= z0 + dz

After the digitization operation and the corresponding correction of the initial control programs of the CNC system, an orthogonal reference coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z _{1 is formed} .

The reference coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z _{1 is} formed from the starting point (x ₁ = 0, y ₁ = 0, z ₁ = 0) of the digitization (which is functionally the zero point of this system), the coordinates of which (before processing) are specified by providing mechanical contact the top of the tool 12 (fixed in the spindle 4 of the machine) with the working surface of the workpiece functional layer at this point, followed by adaptation of the reference coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ with a zero reference point of the original control programs.

The mentioned adaptation is carried out through spatial coordinate reference of the zero point of the coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ to the zero point of the orthogonal coordinate system XYZ of the machine reference, spatially adapted with a zero point of reference of the initial control programs of the numerical program control system (CNC).

The initial control programs are designed to form fragments of a three-dimensional drawing of an engraving in the functional layer of the workpiece, which (as previously indicated) is pre-fixed and positioned on the mounting surface of the device for spatial orientation relative to the XY plane of the XYZ coordinate system. The initial control programs for forming an engraving pattern on the working surface of the product functional layer is compiled (based) from a certain starting point of the engraving pattern being formed, the coordinates of which are programmatically adapted with the aforementioned zero reference point of the reference coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ .

After completion of the formation and appropriate binding of the reference coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ to the zero reference point of the control programs, the tool directly positioning the cutting part (in particular, its tip) relative to the zero reference point of the control programs coordinate adapted with the coordinate system XYZ of the machine (t .e., with the zero point of this system).

For this, operations are carried out photographing the front surface of the cutting part of the tool, positioning its vertex in three coordinates relative to the zero point of the formed reference system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ and correcting for the coordinates “x ₁ ” and “y ₁ ” passing through this vertex of the longitudinal axis of the tool 12 relative to the parallel axis Z or Z _{1 of the} actual axis of rotation of the spindle 4 of the machine. At the same time, they provide a visual display of the results of the above-mentioned photographing, positioning and correction operations on the monitor screen that controls the movement mechanisms of the computer machine, as well as coordinate adaptation of these results with control programs of the CNC system

To implement these processes, an optical-electronic measuring system is used. This system includes a television computer microscope 34, which (as previously indicated) is stationary mounted on the main table of the machine so that the main optical axis of its lens 35 is oriented in the direction of the reciprocating movement of the main table 9 of the machine along the axes X (or X ₁ ) of the corresponding coordinate systems and coordinate adapted with zero point coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ .

Thus, the front surface of the cutting part of the tool 12 (cutter) is introduced into the field of view of the lens 35 of the aforementioned microscope 34, its apex is aligned with the crosshair of the orthogonal axes on the monitor screen, which is located on the main optical axis of the said lens 35, and the spindle head 4 is rotated 3 machines at an angle within 360 °.

The cutter is introduced into the field of view of the lens 35 of the television microscope 34 in manual mode after it is sharpened and installed in the working spindle 4 of the machine. The rotation of the spindle 4 around its axis, at least by an angle of 360 °, is carried out to detect the magnitude of the radial displacement in the plane XU (or X ₁ Y ₁ ) of the tip of the cutter (or the longitudinal axis passing through this vertex, which is equivalent) relative to the real axis of rotation of the spindle 4. A correction for the magnitude of the detected offset is entered into the initial PC program of the CNC system with the corresponding correction of this program in relation to this particular tool 12 (cutter).

In other words, in manual mode, the tip of the cutter is adjusted in the center of the optical axes of the lens 35 of the television microscope 34 (visually displayed on a PC monitor on an enlarged scale), the crosshair of which is initially coordinate-adapted with a zero reference point of the original control programs.

In the process of the technological cycle of processing (i.e., after a predetermined number of worked out control programs or their files), tool 12 can automatically (by means of the adjusted original PC program) be entered into the coordinate-locked (described above

methods) a point located in the field of view of a television microscope 34 (i.e., a point that coincides with the crosshairs of the orthogonal optical axes of the lens 35) for photographing the cutting part of the tool 12 in order to ensure its quality control and assess the suitability of the tool 12 for further processing. After each photographing, the tool 12 returns (also in automatic mode) the same point on the working surface of the workpiece at which the processing cycle was interrupted.

Precision processing of products with a complex spatial profile of the machined surface (for example, metallographic forms, the relief of the pattern formed on the working surface of the functional layer of the engraving blanks which is formed by an ordered set of profile grooves of various sizes and geometric shapes, as well as other products with increased requirements for processing accuracy in functional layers which must be provided to obtain a picture of a given depth with a submicron resolution of its structures) requires accurate about the implementation and pairing of sites with different shapes and profiles of the formed relief. Since the dimensions of the tool 12 used for this processing can be certified with an error of the same order as the technologically specified tolerances for the manufacture of engravings, and when changing the tool 12, in addition, additional errors in the position of the tip (and, accordingly, the cutting edge) of the tool 12 , it becomes necessary after each change of tool 12 to provide an accurate check of the actual position of its top (cutting edge) relative to the zero point of the reference coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ reference machine with subsequent correction of the said actual position of the working elements of the tool 12 relative to this coordinate system. A similar situation (regarding the need to correct the actual position of the tool 12 in the coordinate system of the machine) can also occur in a number of other cases (for example, when the value of the accumulated error of movement in the mechanisms of the positioning nodes of the machine is above the maximum permissible). Moreover, when processing products with

complex spatial-oriented structure of the formed relief, the correction of the position of the vertex (cutting edge) of the tool 12 must be carried out in three coordinates X ₁ , ₁ and Z ₁ coordinate coordinate system of the machine.

Due to the fact that, according to the invention, the visual display of the binding to the formed reference system X ₁ Y ₁ Z _{1 of the} machine on the monitor screen is carried out in the form of corresponding axes intersecting at right angles, with the appropriate software in the implementation of the patented method of positioning the tool 12, it is possible to provide measurement geometric parameters and electronic photographing of the cutting part of the tool 12, for example, to create a data bank of tools 12, etc.

In connection with the foregoing, it is advisable to consider in more detail an embodiment of the positioning method for the case when the top of the tool 12 (and, accordingly, its longitudinal axis passing through this top) changes its spatial position (in the plane X ₁ Y _{1 of the} reference coordinate system of the machine ) when it is rotated together with spindle 4 through an angle within 360 °. Such a spatial change in the position of the vertex is possible, for example, in cases where the aforementioned vertex is offset, for example, by a value of "y ₁ " relative to the axis of rotation of the spindle 4 of the machine (oriented along the "Z" axis of the coordinate frame of the machine). For this case, first you need to determine the value of "y" (or "y ₁ ", which is equivalent) of the aforementioned displacement of the vertex by rotating the tool 12 together with the spindle 4 in the field of view of the lens 35 of the computer television microscope 34 and visually register the process of rotation on the monitor of the control computer . Then it is necessary to carry out the above correction of the control programs in accordance with the calculated offset value.

A diagram for determining the magnitude of the aforementioned displacement of the apex of the tool 12 (and, accordingly, of its longitudinal axis passing through this apex) is shown in Fig. 18 of graphic materials.

According to this scheme, the calculation of new values (X ¹ and Y ¹ ) of the X and Y coordinates of the tip of the cutter (or its longitudinal axis passing through this vertex) in the XY plane is calculated by the following formulas:

X '= X + K _x cos (C) + K _y sin (C)

Y '= Y + K _x · sin (C) - K _y • cos (C), where

To _y - the correction value by Y. It is defined as the middle of the segment [X1, X1 ¹ ]. The sign is determined by determining the position of the tool relative to the axis of the microscope: if when the tool is rotated from 90 ° to 270 °, the tool is on the right, then the plus sign, otherwise minus;

To _x is the correction value by X. It is defined as the length of the segment [X2, X2 ¹ ]. The sign is determined in accordance with the following rule: If the tool at the 0 ° position deviates from the axis of rotation to the right, then the minus sign, otherwise plus;

X ¹ - the new value of the X coordinate, taking into account the correction;

Y ¹ - the new value of the Y coordinate, taking into account the correction;

C is the angle of rotation of the tool.

It should be noted that (according to this scheme) the movement along the XY plane is carried out by moving the table 9 with the workpiece, and the tool 12 (or spindle 4) can only move around its axis (coordinate C).

Such correction of control programs during the subsequent processing reduces the error by about half as a result of the eccentric location of the top of the tool 12 relative to the axis of rotation of the spindle 4.

Thus, the positioning and counting of the movements of the tool 12 during the formation of fragments of the volumetric pattern of the engraving in the functional layer of the workpiece are from the mentioned zero point of the reference system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ according to the initial control programs of the CNC system, taking into account the correction along the coordinates “x ₁ ” and “y ₁ "the longitudinal axis of the tool 12 (passing through its top) relative to the actual axis of rotation of the spindle 4 of the machine (parallel to the axis Z or Z ₁ ) as well as correction according to the results of digitization.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned operations of photographing the front surface of the cutting part of the tool 12, positioning its vertices in three coordinates relative to the zero point of the formed reference system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ and correction according to the coordinates “x ₁ ” and “y ₁ ” of the longitudinal axis of the tool 12 relative to the actual axis of rotation of the spindle 4 of the machine through the optoelectronic measuring system, it is advisable to carry out in direct and shadow light. To do this, the said measuring system is equipped with a reflective screen 36 located in the field of view of the lens 35 of the television computer microscope 34 behind the input zone of the instrument 12 into this field, as well as two illuminators 37 and 38. One of the illuminators 37 in this embodiment of the method must be installed with the possibility the implementation of the backlight, and another illuminator 38 with the possibility of highlighting the front surface of the cutting part of the tool 12.

This embodiment of the optoelectronic measuring system is shown in FIG. 15 of the graphic materials of the application.

This system is permanently installed on the main table 9 of the machine (performing a reciprocating movement along the axis X / or X ₁ / of the corresponding coordinate systems of the machine).

Extension rings 73 are mounted between the television camera 72 and the lens 35 of the television computer microscope 34. The optoelectronic part of the measurement system is fixed on two racks 74 and 75 and with adjustable height. The selected height is fixed by a latch 76. The illuminators 37 and 38, as well as the screen 36 are mounted on the third rack 77 and are height-adjustable simultaneously with the optoelectronic part.

The television camera 72 is connected to the computer with a television cable via a video capture card installed in it, for example, Aver Media's EZ Capture model. As a television camera 72, a black-and-white RC-583C television camera with an integrated power supply can be used, and as illuminators 37 and 38, Porta LED white light illuminators.

The use of a reflective screen 36 and two illuminators 37 and 38 in the optical-electronic measuring system allows increasing the contrast of the image of the cutting part of the tool 12 (especially its borders, i.e., cutting edges) on the monitor screen, which increases the quality and effectiveness of monitoring its parameters in automatic photographing mode.

On the basis of the adjusted initial control programs on the machine of the automated engraving complex under consideration, planing of grooves of various shapes of constant or variable depth (rectilinear, circular, sinusoidal, complex shapes) and families of these grooves, including intersecting with each other, can be performed.

To perform the above types of work (in addition to technological capabilities directly arising from the technical characteristics of the machine), the following auxiliary technological cycles and techniques provided by the design of the machine and control programs are provided:

- correction of the position of the points of the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece in the Z coordinate taking into account the microroughness of this surface (digitization);

- determining the position and coordinate reference of the work surface (i.e., the zero reference point of the reference system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ ) of the functional layer of the workpiece relative to the coordinate reference system of the machine;

- determination of errors of sharpening and installation of the cutter in the spindle 4 of the machine and the correction of control programs based on the data obtained.

Directly the planing technology (cutting patterns) on the claimed precision planing machine is not disclosed in detail, since it is a technological “know-how”.

However, it is advisable to note that the planing technology used on this machine eliminates the use of such a feature as "... when the direction of the projection of the vector V of the speed of movement of the cutter to the plane of the coordinate axes X and Y changes, the spatial position of the front surface of the cutter changes relative to its previous position (by turning the tool around the coordinate C around

its longitudinal axis) so that when passing any point of the tool’s trajectory, its front surface is perpendicular (i.e., at an angle equal to 90 °) to the plane that intersects the plane of the coordinate axes X and Y and is oriented along the projection of the vector V the speed of the cutter at this point on the plane of the location of the mentioned coordinate axes ... ", which is a necessary condition for ensuring the necessary quality and accuracy of processing, for example, in patent RU, No. 2153958.

In the cutting technology used on the declared planer, it is enough to adhere to the condition of minimizing the contact of the rear surface of the cutter with the cutting surface (i.e., the location of the mentioned rear surface of the cutter in the region of the already taken stock over the entire passage of the cutter). And this condition can most simply be realized at angles of the front surface of the tool with respect to the cutting surface that are exactly different from 90 °, and in a fairly wide range (with a specific cutting scheme not disclosed in the framework of this application). In addition, a wide range of permissible angles of the front surface of the tool with respect to the cutting surface can greatly simplify the software system of the CNC machine without compromising the quality and accuracy of processing.

Thus, the claimed precision planing machine of an automated engraving complex can be used for mechanical precision machining of products with a complex spatial profile of the machined surface (for example, metallographic forms, the relief of the patterns formed on the working surface of the engravings which are formed by an ordered set of profile grooves of various sizes and geometric shapes), as well as other products with increased requirements for processing accuracy in functional layers which x is necessary to ensure reception of a predetermined depth pattern with submicron resolution of its spatial structure.

Claims (4)

1. A precision planing machine for an automated engraving complex, comprising a bed with a vertical stand, a headstock placed on the stand with a C-axis rotating in the X-axis relative to the Z axis of the XYZ reference frame of the machine with a spindle with means for attaching the tool, which is placed in a sleeve kinematically connected with a headstock by means of a ball screw mechanism with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the Z axis, the slide mounted on the bed in horizontal x guides with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the Y axis by means of a ball screw mechanism; a main table mounted on a slide in horizontal guides with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the X axis by means of a ball screw mechanism, a positioning device for the spatial orientation of the workpiece relative to the XY plane, stationary mounted relative to the mounting surface of the main table, autonomous drive means of the aforementioned ball screw mechanisms, optical-electronic measuring system for monitoring and correcting the position of the vertex and / or cutting of the tool edge relative to the basic XYZ reference system of the machine, mounted on the main table with the ability to visualize the cutting part of the tool on the monitor screen of the control computer of the numerical control system (CNC) using the original control programs, while the CNC system is functionally connected via the control panel to the processor of the control computer and a positioning device for the spatial orientation of the workpiece contains interconnected base and a spatially oriented mounting elements, self-aligning central and adjustable peripheral supporting nodes located between them with supporting elements, as well as means for fixing a given spatial position of the mounting element, while the base and spatially oriented mounting elements are connected by at least one elastic element located in the region bounded by the centers of the supporting elements of the central and peripheral supporting nodes located in the zone of the vertices of the triangle, and Each peripheral support unit is made in the form of two support elements with self-aligning surfaces, the first of which is rigidly fixed to the base element, and the second, self-aligning surface of which is made spherical, kinematically connected to the first by a spring-loaded lever and an adjusting element with a wedge profile, which is placed with the possibility of displacements between the self-aligning surfaces of said support elements, and means for fixing a predetermined spatial position The trolley element is made in the form of at least three locking nodes located on the periphery of the device, each of which consists of clamping means rigidly connected to the base element and a flat spring, one end of which is rigidly fixed to the installation element, and the other is located with the possibility of its rigid fixing in the area of the clamping elements of the said clamping means, characterized in that it includes means for digitizing the working surface of the workpiece functional layer, configured to transmit a cut When digitizing in the memory of the control computer of the CNC system to provide correction of the initial control programs, the optoelectronic measuring system includes one television computer microscope, which is stationary mounted on the main table of the machine so that its main optical axis is objectively oriented along the directions of the reciprocating movement of the main the table and coordinate adapted with the zero point of the basic system XYZ reference frame of the machine and the zero point of the original control programs; tool fastening means is located directly on the spindle with the possibility of ensuring alignment along the Z axis of the longitudinal axis of the tool with the axis of rotation of the spindle along coordinate C; the longitudinal axes of the flat springs of the fixing nodes of the device for the spatial orientation of the workpiece are located relative to each other at angles other than 0 ° or 180 ° and are oriented along the base plane of the mounting element at an angle close to or equal to 0 ° or 180 °, and the self-aligning surfaces are rigidly fixed to the base an element of the supporting elements of the peripheral supporting nodes are made cylindrical. 2. The precision planing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for the spatial orientation of the workpiece is placed directly on the mounting surface of the main table. 3. The precision planing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for fixing the predetermined spatial position of the mounting element of the device for the spatial orientation of the workpiece are made in the form of three locking units in which the longitudinal axes of the flat springs are oriented along the sides of an equilateral triangle. 4. The precision planing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the optoelectronic measuring system is equipped with a screen located in the field of view of the lens of the television computer microscope behind the input zone of the instrument in this field, as well as two illuminators, one of which is installed with the possibility of implementation screen backlight, and the other - the front surface of the cutting part of the tool.