RU46786U1 - BUILDING BEAM - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model can be used as load-bearing beams for the construction of attic and floor floors, roof frames of residential and public buildings. Objective: providing the possibility of increasing the bearing capacity of the beam building structure and its length. Essence: a building beam containing a wall made in the form of a strip of plywood and shelves made in the form of bars fixed to the wall along the longitudinal edges of the strip, characterized in that the wall is made of two plywood plates placed at a distance from each other, at a distance from each other equal to the thickness of the plywood used for their manufacture, while the shelves are fastened with the surfaces of the plates facing outward, and in the gap between the plates, stiffeners are made, in the form of bonded with them, perpendicular to the shelf m, strips, with a thickness equal to the gap between the plates. In addition, additional stiffeners are fixed on the outer sides of the plates, preferably in the same sections as the stiffeners located in the gap between the plates. 1 s.p. f-ly. 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction, in particular to building structures used as load-bearing beams for the construction of attic and floor floors, roof frames of residential and public buildings.

A building beam made of reinforced concrete or a metal profile, for example an I-beam, is known (see, for example, G.L. Katz. Factory production of structures of public buildings, M., Stroyizdat, 1988, p. 42).

The disadvantage of this solution is the significant weight of the structure and its non-functionality in cold climates, because due to the high thermal conductivity of the metal, it "works" as a cold bridge, i.e. when it is used, heating costs increase.

Known construction beam, made in the form of glued or solid timber (see, for example, TU-003-55563256-2002, developed by LLC Company Exportles).

This design is material-intensive, and therefore has a large weight, which also limits its use, since it requires appropriate reinforcement of the walls and foundation.

Also known is a building beam containing a wall made in the form of a strip of plywood and shelves made in the form of bars fixed on the wall along the longitudinal edges of the strip (see TU 5366-010-04779210-2000 “Double-tee glued plywood beams between floors and attics with belts from individual tablets ”, developed by GU DalNIIIS).

This building beam is quite effective only when building floors, of relatively small length, since the formation of elongated beams (joined from individual beams supplied by the supplier) is difficult due to the complexity

ensuring the strength of the joint, in addition, increasing the bearing capacity of such a profile is possible mainly due to the use of thicker plywood, the production of which has not been mastered, and therefore when using the existing range of materials it is unrealistic.

The technical problem to be solved is providing the possibility of increasing the bearing capacity of the beam building structure and its length.

The technical result obtained when solving the problem is expressed in providing the possibility of increasing the bearing capacity of the beam building structure and its length when using the existing range of materials. In addition, it is possible to effectively use the structure in the formation of the carcass (with obtaining high strength butt joints of several beam (rod) elements.

To solve this problem, a building beam containing a wall made in the form of a strip of plywood and shelves made in the form of bars fixed to the wall along the longitudinal edges of the strip, characterized in that the wall is made of two plywood plates placed at a distance from each other, at a distance from each other equal to the thickness of the plywood used for their manufacture, while the shelves are fastened to the surfaces of the plates facing outward, and in the gap between the plates, stiffeners are made in the form of bonded with them, perpendicular to the shelves, strips, with a thickness equal to the gap between the plates. In addition, additional stiffeners are fixed on the outer sides of the plates, preferably in the same sections as the stiffeners located in the gap between the plates.

A comparative analysis of the features of the claimed solution with the signs of the prototype and analogues indicates the conformity of the claimed solution to the criterion of "novelty."

The features of the characterizing part of the claims provide

the possibility of increasing the bearing capacity of the beam building structure and its length.

Figure 1 schematically shows a cross section of a construction beam; figure 2 schematically shows a longitudinal section of a structure parallel to the shelves.

The drawing shows a wall made of at least two plywood plates 1, shelves 2 made in the form of bars fixed on the surfaces 3 of the plates facing outward along their longitudinal edges 4, the gap 5 between the plates 1, stiffeners 6, additional stiffeners 7.

A building beam is made by gluing in the factory on stands of known design, providing a predetermined fixation of its elements and their corresponding compression during the curing of the glue.

At the same time, for the manufacture of shelves 2 and additional stiffening ribs 7, wood is used not lower than the 2nd grade of coniferous species (except for larch) according to GOST 8486-86 with dimensions according to GOST 24454-80, with corresponding design characteristics according to SNiP P-25-80 . The quantitative parameters of the defects in the shape and processing of parts (warping, deviation from parallelism of the layers and edges, wane) should not exceed those allowed for lumber of the 2nd grade. Through cracks extending to the end face are not allowed. Rotted, rotten and tobacco knots, as well as non-grown knots located on the edges, are not allowed.

The beams of the beam belts are glued along the length using gear joints according to GOST 19414-90. Indicators of ultimate flexural strength of gear joints should not be lower than:

- when loading the edge (about 33 MPa and not lower than 24 MPa);

- when loading the reservoir (about 37.5 MPa and not lower than 27 MPa).

For the manufacture of plates 1 and stiffeners 6, plywood of the FSF grade is used, grades no lower than V / VV according to GOST 3916.1-89, thickness 8 and 10 mm

Stiffening ribs 6 and additional stiffening ribs 7 are placed along the length of the beam at a distance from each other “in hazardous to destruction” sections of the beam, determined by calculation for specific conditions (which is most appropriate), taking into account the “compatibility” of the plates or set this distance for technological reasons, based on the minimum number of stiffeners providing "compatibility" of the plates. At the same time, additional stiffeners 7 are preferably placed in the same sections as the stiffeners 6, which allows the beam material to be "concentrated" precisely in dangerous sections and facilitates the process of bonding additional stiffeners 7 to the plates 1.

Adhesive joints in structures should be performed on synthetic adhesives corresponding to SNiP P-25-80. In this case, adhesive joints must satisfy the following requirements:

- the moisture content of the wood of the beam parts before processing with protective compounds should be (12 +/- 3)%;

- beams for the quality of adhesive joints must meet the requirements of GOST 20850-84;

- the thickness and width of the glued layers in the girder belts should deviate from the nominal no more than +/- 1 mm;

- the thickness of the adhesive layers in the structural elements should be no more than 0.5 mm. Areas with a thickness of up to 1 mm are allowed if their length does not exceed 100 mm, and the distance between them is not less than ten times the length of these layers;

- non-glued sections are not allowed.

Finished structures, if necessary, are subjected to protective and / or decorative processing, to protect them from moisture, biodeterioration, fire and chemical corrosion, as well as giving them the necessary aesthetic appearance. These works are performed at the manufacturer. Protection is possible both from one and from

a complex of these effects, which is regulated by the operating conditions of the structures. At the same time, beams for buildings of the V degree of fire resistance must be protected from biodegradation for a period of uninterrupted service of 50 years, for - parts of the VIII class of service conditions - according to GOST 20022.2-80; the wood of beams for buildings of the IV degree of fire resistance should be protected from biodegradation and fire by deep impregnation with diammonium phosphate (ammonium phosphate) with ammonium sulfate, borax with boric acid in a ratio of 1: 1 or other protective compounds with similar properties.

Finished products are packaged and sent to the consumer.

The formation of attic and interfloor ceilings, roof frames of residential and public buildings from the declared beam building structure does not differ from generally accepted technologies, except for the need to use powerful lifting equipment due to the low weight of the structure, while the work on connecting structural elements is simplified, since projected sections of the structure protrusions (plates) are mutually included in the grooves (gaps between the plates), while the magnitude of their mutual overlap can easily be changed before walkie-talkie connection.

In the process of perception of structural loads by beams, stiffeners 6 ensure the compatibility of the plates 1, i.e. all the elements of the beam structure as a whole.

In addition, by varying the number of plates and stiffeners in the structure, the bearing capacity of the beam structure can be varied widely (while maintaining the constant width of the plates - i.e., the height of the profile wall).

Claims (2)

1. A construction beam containing a wall made in the form of a strip of plywood and a shelf made in the form of bars fixed on the wall along the longitudinal edges of the strip, characterized in that the wall is made of two plywood plates placed at a distance from each other, the distance from each other equal to the thickness of the plywood used for their manufacture, while the shelves are fastened with the surfaces of the plates facing outward, and in the gap between the plates, stiffeners are made in the form of bonded with them, perpendicular to the shelves, pla nok, with a thickness equal to the gap between the plates. 2. The construction beam according to claim 1, characterized in that additional stiffeners are fixed on the outer sides of the plates, preferably in the same sections as the stiffeners located in the gap between the plates.