RU43496U1 - SHEET CONSTRUCTION PRODUCT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is aimed at reducing the cost of sheet construction products and increasing their resistance to external influences, as well as saving natural mineral building materials and improving the environmental situation in the region. The indicated technical and economic result is achieved by the fact that the material of a sheet construction product is a product of hardening of a building mixture, which includes the following components: activated and neutralized calcium sulfate waste from the production of hydrogen fluoride, a mixture of spent reagents of acid and alkaline batteries, sulfon, ground ash and slag of thermal power plants and water. The composition of the raw construction mixture also includes fibrous material, such as chopped fiber or a cross section of a film of synthetic polymer, or slag. If necessary, a sheet construction product is lined with a mesh fabric of synthetic polymer yarns.

Description

The utility model relates to building products of small thickness, namely to sheets and slabs of building mixtures based on calcium sulfate binder, and can be used for interior decoration of residential and public buildings as facing elements.

In recent years, the construction industry has found widespread use of sheet construction products (hereinafter - LSI), which are sheets and plates having a small thickness compared to their length and width. They are made of building mixtures based on calcium sulfate binder - gypsum, and are used for facing walls and ceilings of internal premises of residential and public buildings. Of the same mixtures, building panels for dividing partitions and some frame products are made (Gypsum. Production and use of gypsum building materials. Translation from German. M., "Stroyizdat", 1981, p.163).

LSI material is the hardening product of building mixtures, consisting of the following main starting components:

- astringent - building plaster;

- regulator of the setting and hardening of the mixture - protol, dihydrate;

- plasticizer - sulfite liquor, viscamine;

- aggregate - sand, expanded clay;

- water.

At the same time, an increase in the bending strength of LSI is solved in two ways: by introducing fibrous material into the raw material building mixture and equipping the LSI with a facing coating. However, in some cases, LSI reinforced with fibrous material is coated with a coating, which makes it especially high bending strength. As a reinforcing material, fiberglass and glass wool cross-sections are mainly used, but other fibrous materials can also be used: chopped strands of plant origin or metal, animal hair. For facing LSI it is applied

special cardboard (Gypsum. Production and use of gypsum building materials. Translation from German. M., "Stroyizdat", 1981, p. 8-39).

According to the material composition of the initial raw construction mixture, the product of its hardening consists of two-water gypsum (mainly), an accelerator or retarder of setting the mixture (protol, dihydrate), a plasticizer (sulphite liquor, viscose), aggregate (sand, ground expanded clay). In the event that a reinforcing additive was added to the raw material building mixture, the product of the mixture hardening contains a fiberglass cross-section or glass wool.

It is known that various LSI are made from the aforementioned building mixture: gypsum boards (hereinafter referred to as GP) for suspended decorative, ventilation and acoustic ceilings, gypsum boards (hereinafter referred to as GWP) and gypsum plasterboards (hereinafter referred to as gypsum board) for wall and ceiling cladding.

GPs for suspended decorative, ventilation and acoustic ceilings are slabs of sizes (600 × 600), (1200 × 300) and (1200 × 600) mm up to 40 mm thick.

Sometimes, to give the plates certain consumer and mechanical properties, fiberglass or glass wool is added to the raw gypsum mixture, and the surface of the plates is lined with a decorative coating - cardboard or film. An example of this is a GP with the trade name “Melo”, “Molly”, etc.

GWPs are produced in sizes (600 × 600), (1200 × 300), (1200 × 600) and (2000 × 1000) mm with a thickness of 9.5; 12.5 and 18 mm. Unlike GP, these plates necessarily contain fibrous material in the form of fiberglass or glass wool cross-section, which is introduced into the gypsum building mixture at the stage of its preparation in an amount of up to 5%. In Germany, they produce GWP with the trade name Glagit. Domestic analogues of Glagit boards are gypsum boards with the trade name Gypsum Fiber.

GKL have the following dimensions: length 2400.2700 and 3000 mm, width 1200 mm and thickness 9.5 and 12.5 mm. Unlike GP and GWP, GKL sheets are equipped with a double-sided facing from a special cardboard. Among GCR there are two types of products:

- fiberglass-reinforced sheets with the trade name “Knauf” and “Rokaso” of the type “GK-B”;

- fiberglass reinforced sheets with the trade name "Rokaso" type GK-F.

Domestic analogue of GKL “Knauf” and “Rokaso” (type-GK-B)-sheets with the trade name “Drywall”.

Known design LSI based on cementitious building gypsum have the following disadvantages:

- the high cost of products due to the high cost of the binder and some components of the raw mix;

- significant consumption of natural mineral raw materials;

- the facing coating-cardboard is subject to various external influences (mechanical, temperature, etc.), and the reinforcing material - fiberglass - is corroded.

The task is to reduce the cost of LSI and to increase the physicomechanical properties of the reinforcing and facing material.

This problem is solved as follows.] LSI material is a hardening product of a raw construction mixture, which includes the following components: binder (activated and neutralized calcium sulfate waste production of hydrogen fluoride), mixture setting accelerator (mixture of spent electrolytes of acid and alkaline batteries), plasticizer (sulfonol ), aggregate (ground ash and slag of TPP) and water. Thus, the main components of the raw material mixture are used, mainly industrial waste of various industries. To increase the mechanical bending strength of the finished LSI, the mixture additionally contains a reinforcing material - chopped fiber or a cross-section of a film of synthetic polymer or slag fiber. As a facing coating, mesh fabric made of synthetic polymer filaments is used.

LSI material is a hardening product of a raw construction mixture, which includes the following components:

- astringent-activated and neutralized calcium sulfate waste

(hereinafter - SKO) production of hydrogen fluoride. The feedstock for the binder is an acidic SKO or technogenic anhydrite with a sulfuric acid content (0.8-10.0)% wt. and water soluble calcium sulfate (2.0-18.0)% wt. Acidic SKO is activated by adding concentrated sulfuric acid to it, followed by neutralization of the acid with carbide sludge or another calcium-containing carbonate or alkaline reagent. As a result of activation of RMS, the content of soluble calcium sulfate in it increases significantly;

- accelerator of setting and hardening of the raw material mixture — a mixture (in dry or liquid form) of spent solutions of sulfuric acid of lead batteries and potassium alkali of nickel-cadmium batteries or other setting accelerators, for example, monovalent metal salts, sulfates and chlorides of potassium and sodium, etc .;

- plasticizer - sulfonol or other plasticizers, for example volgonate, lignosulfonate;

- aggregate - ground ash and slag of TPP or other porous aggregate, for example, expanded clay aggregate;

- water.

This hardening product can serve as the material of the panels of the partition walls and some frame products.

To increase the mechanical bending strength of the finished LSI, the mixture also includes a reinforcing material - chopped fiber (waste from the production of threads and nets) or a film cross-section (for example, used plastic containers) made of a synthetic polymer, such as polyethylene terephtholate, polyvinyl chloride, caprolactam, etc., or fibers of a synthetic mineral, such as slag.

According to the material composition of the raw construction mixture, the hardening product of the LSI material consists mainly of water-insoluble calcium sulfate. One or another quantity of hardening product also includes two-water gypsum, potassium sulfate, sulfonol, ground ash and slag of thermal power plants, fluoride

calcium, and for fibrous LSI - and reinforcing material in the form of chopped fiber or cross-section of a film of synthetic polymer, or slag fiber. Thus, the material of the proposed design LSI significantly differs from the material of the known designs LSI.

To increase the bending strength, some types of LSI, for example, sheets for wall and ceiling decoration, are equipped with a facing coating, which is a mesh fabric made of synthetic polymer fibers, for example, kapron, polypropylene, etc. The thickness of the fibers is 0.5-1.5 mm, the mesh size mesh fabric is in the range of 2.0-10 mm. Due to certain rheological properties of the building mixture based on cement-technogenic anhydrite, the cladding is recessed in the surface layer of the sheet. Thus, the lined sheet is a flat surface, i.e. hardening product fills the mesh cells of the coating. Due to this, a high degree of adhesion of the product of hardening of the raw material mixture and the facing coating is achieved. Considering the fact that the polymer filaments and mesh fabric from them are elastic and high-strength material, resistant to fire, moisture, acids, alkalis, hydrocarbons, as well as mechanical stresses, the proposed design LSI have more preferred performance characteristics than LSI with using as a coating cardboard or fiberglass, and as a reinforcing material - fiberglass or threads of vegetable and animal origin.

LSI samples with a size of 1200 × 600 × 10 mm, lined with a mesh of polypropylene filaments with a thickness of 1.5 mm and a mesh size of 3 mm, were made from the above recipe of the raw material mixture. As a reinforcing material, slag and slag were used. The slag filaments had a thickness of 0.1 mm and a length of 6 mm. The test results of the finished plates showed that their bending strength is 0.13 MPa (for GKL panels of a similar thickness - 0.11 MPa), and therefore they meet the requirements for finishing and facing building materials. At the same time, the cost of the proposed LSI is 40-50% lower than the cost of the LSI of the Gypsum Fiber, Gypsum Board type,

6 “Knauf”.

Benefits of the utility model:

- increases the resistance of products to various external influences;

- significantly reduces the cost of products;

- natural mineral raw materials are saved;

- The environmental situation is improving.

Claims (3)

1. Sheet construction product, the material of which is the hardening product of a raw construction mixture containing a binder based on calcium sulfate, an accelerator of setting and hardening of the mixture, plasticizer, aggregate and water, characterized in that the product material includes hardening products of activated and neutralized calcium sulfate waste production of hydrogen fluoride with a mixture of spent reagents of acid and alkaline batteries, sulfonol and ground ash and slag of thermal power plants. 2. The product according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition of the hardening product of the raw material mixture includes a reinforcing fibrous material, for example chopped fiber or a cross-section of a film of a synthetic polymer, or slag. 3. The product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is lined with a coating in the form of a mesh fabric made of synthetic polymer.