RU43191U1 - LIQUID TREATMENT DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the saturation of various liquid media with oxygen, for example, for aeration, and can be used in the food industry, pharmaceuticals, perfumes and cosmetics, physical and aromatherapy, water supply, fisheries and agriculture, including for the preparation of drinks, food additives , medicines, new perfumes and cosmetics, for inhalation and bathing to improve the living environment and increase the productivity of fish, other useful animals and microorganisms in aquariums, ponds, pools, as well as for cooking eniya means of processing plants and animals. The device includes a means of pumping a gaseous medium, a chamber connected to its inlet with plants secreting phytoexcretes, and a reservoir for the processed liquid medium connected to its outlet. The technical result is the saturation of liquid media that improve well-being, beneficial to human health, environmental sustainability and productivity of animals, beneficial insects, protozoan microorganisms and plants, comprehensively reducing the number of harmful bacteria and viruses, constantly naturally renewable ingredients, for example, aeroions, aromatic oils, phytoncides.

Description

The utility model relates to the saturation of various liquid media with oxygen, for example, for aeration, and can be used in the food industry, pharmaceuticals, perfumes and cosmetics, physical and aromatherapy, water supply, fisheries and agriculture, including for the preparation of drinks, food additives , medicines, new perfumes and cosmetics, for inhalation and bathing, improving the living environment and increasing the productivity of fish, other useful animals and microorganisms in aquariums, ponds, pools, as well as for cooking leniya means of processing plants and animals.

Known devices for changing the properties of water, liquids and other substances, including the stages of purification, supply, injection (carbonation under pressure) or passing through them air and other gases. (1, 2, 3).

The disadvantage of such devices is the weak complex effect caused by the limited range of active substances, and the irrevocable (naturally non-renewable) use of some important components (for example, oxygen), fillers and filter materials, etc.

The objective of this utility model is to eliminate these drawbacks, increase the oxygen content in various liquid media, as well as saturate liquid media to improve well-being, beneficial to human health, environmental sustainability and productivity of animals, beneficial insects, simple microorganisms and plants, comprehensively reducing the number of harmful bacteria and viruses, constantly naturally renewable ingredients, for example, air ions, aromatic oils, phytoncides.

The problem is solved by a device for implementing the method, in accordance with which it comprises means for pumping a gaseous medium with discharge and suction nozzles, at least one reservoir for a liquid medium, at least one chamber with plants that produce phytoexcretes, interconnected by gas tubes, while the discharge pipe of the said injection means through gas pipes is connected to a reservoir for a liquid medium, and the suction pipe to a chamber with plants.

In private embodiments of the utility model, the problem is solved by the fact that:

- the device is equipped with a chamber with plants that absorb harmful impurities, connected to a chamber with plants that secrete phytoexcretes.

- chambers for plants and reservoirs for a liquid medium can be equipped with devices for regulating water, gas, food, light modes, as well as for chemical, sound, light, electromagnetic and other processing of plants;

- the device may further comprise a device for condensation of excreta, installed at the outlet of the reservoir with a liquid medium for a more complete collection of plant excreta;

- chambers with plants can be made in the form of a toroid.

The basis of the utility model was the idea of saturating the liquid medium not only with oxygen, but also with other useful substances, plant secrets.

During the experiments, it was quite unexpectedly found that the saturated medium not only acquires the beneficial properties inherent in plant excreta, but also the oxygen content in it increased.

Phytoexcretes are the final metabolic products secreted by the plant to the outside. In plants, special glands and the cell surface participate in excretion, and the process of excretion occurs through passive flushing with sediments and, mainly, vapors.

Among phytoexcretes, terpenoids mainly predominate.

Terpenoids are called natural hydrocarbons of the composition C 10 H 16 and their numerous oxygen derivatives (alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, oxides, etc.). They are mainly found in essential oils of flowers, leaves, needles, fruits of plants, in various natural resins (balsams) of coniferous trees (pine, fir, cedar, spruce, etc.)

Terpenoids differ from other organic compounds of the same composition in their propensity for isomerization, cyclization and polymerization, which often occur even under very mild conditions (low temperature, dilution, etc.).

In this large class of natural compounds, monoterpenes (С 10 Н 16), sequiterpenes (С 15 Н 24), diterpenes (С 20 Н 32), triterpenes (С 3О Н 48), tetraterpenes (С 40 Н 64) and polyterpenes are distinguished (C 10 H 16). These numerous groups of compounds are practically found in all tissues in medicinal plants. They are found in essential oils (contain monoterpenes and sequiterpenes), bitterness (mainly sequiterpene lactones); resins and balm (contain diterpenes).

Terpene compounds are active participants in metabolic processes occurring in the plant body, as evidenced by their high reactivity. Some terpenoids regulate the activity of plant genes and possess

chromatophore system, can absorb radiant energy, participate in photochemical reactions. The carbon chains of individual terpenoids are key intermediates in the biosynthesis of biologically active substances such as steroid hormones, enzymes, antioxidants, vitamins D, E, K, and bile acids.

In terpene compounds isolated from plants, a wide spectrum of biological action was revealed, for the most part they are low-toxic and they are not characterized by a highly specific effect - the potential of biological influence is distributed evenly among various systems and organs.

The phytoncid activity of essential oils of many plants of the natural flora of various regions of the world is associated with terpene compounds. Many of these substances are detrimental to a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative microflora, some types of fungi, protozoa, and viruses.

Therefore, at present, against the background of increased resistance to antibiotics of purulent infection pathogens and the dominant importance of conditionally pathogenic microflora, the use of natural terpenoids is acquiring special significance.

A liquid medium is understood to mean any liquid medium: water and aqueous media, for example, for growing fish, water or water-alcohol solutions, liquid cosmetics in the form of lotions or creams (emulsions), drinks, etc.

An oxygen-containing gaseous medium in accordance with the present invention is understood to mean any gaseous medium, for example, air, industrially supplied oxygen or any gaseous mixture with oxygen, carbon dioxide, as well as substances in a gaseous state, for example, water vapor, which may be used to saturate the liquid medium (see above) with oxygen.

The most intensely saturated phytoexcretes oxygen-containing gaseous medium can be obtained by placing cut or vegetative plants in a closed chamber and selecting excreta from this chamber. With the aim of enhancing beneficial effects, including psychological ones, they can also be placed in a chamber and used cut and dried plants, for example, bouquets.

The selection of excreta can be carried out both by pumping an oxygen-containing medium through this closed chamber, and by pumping the gaseous medium existing in the chamber.

To obtain a cleaner gaseous oxygen-containing medium, it is better to clean it before saturation by passing a stream of the above medium through an additional chamber with plants absorbing the corresponding harmful impurities. For example, it’s good to use the following plants for cleaning:

From benzene (starting material for many types of synthetic resin, carcinogen):

Aglaonema, chlorophytum, chrysanthemum, dracaena, epipremnum, gerbera, sansevieria, spathyllum.

From trichlorethylene (smelling of chloroform as a colorless liquid that is contained in varnish and glue, carcinogen: Chamedorea, chrysanthemums, dracaena, epipremnum, ficus Benjamin, gerbera, ivy, sansevieria, spathiphyllum.

From formaldehyde (starting material for artificial resins, adhesive base for mounting plates, carcinogen): Nephrolepis, daisy, dracaena, chamedorea, ficus Ben-jamina, ivy, spathiphyllum, Schefflera, dieffenbachia. Xylene and toluene (used in polymer coatings): Dieffenbachia, nephrolepis, Anthurium, Benjamin ficus.

Ammonia (a carcinogenic component of numerous nitrogen-containing industrial substances): anthurium, spray chrysanthemum, arrowroot, Benjamin ficus, dracaena, azalea.

To control the composition and amount of substances absorbed and secreted by plants, it is possible to exert an additional effect on both liquid and gaseous media, and on plants. It can be exposed to heat, electromagnetic radiation, light or sound.

In particular, plants are exposed to heat, light, sound or electromagnetic effects, or combinations thereof. In the device with which the present invention is carried out, for this, special devices are provided for regulating water, gas, food, light modes, as well as for chemical, sound, light, electromagnetic and other processing of plants.

The liquid medium can also be subjected to additional effects - thermal, light, sound or electromagnetic, which also allows you to increase the number of dissolved plant excreta.

For the same purposes, during the passage of the gaseous medium flow, the physical or chemical parameters of the gaseous medium can be changed (pumping speed, chemical composition of the medium, for example, oxygen content, temperature and humidity).

In some particular embodiments of the utility model, to enhance the beneficial effects, the treatment is carried out in the presence of plant oil extracts.

In other embodiments of the utility model for more complete use, as well as the collection of nutrients contained in plant excreta, after passing saturated

phytoexcretes of the gaseous medium through the liquid carry out the selection of part of the gaseous medium with its subsequent condensation and collection of the resulting condensate of plant excreta.

Sometimes it is convenient not to immediately use a gaseous medium saturated with phytoexcretes. In this case, the gaseous medium saturated with phytoexcretes is accumulated under pressure in liquid storage tanks before it is passed through the liquid, for later use in the production of, for example, carbonated drinks.

The utility model can find the widest application, for example, if the air mixture after the saturation chamber is sent to a reservoir made in the form of a pool, a jacuzzi or a bathtub for patients, a significant healing effect can be achieved when exposed to plant excrements through the surface of the skin, and then (after bursting) bubbles on the surface of the fluid) and through the respiratory system.

Another aspect of the utility model can be aeration of water (a natural or artificial process of enriching water with atmospheric oxygen), used to:

-increasing the concentration of dissolved oxygen;

- removal of water from gases and substances causing odor;

- iron removal from water;

-biological wastewater treatment;

-use in aquariums and for industrial fish farming.

The utility model is as follows.

The drawing shows a device, General view. A vacuum pump-compressor 1 with gas-conducting tubes 2 is connected to chambers 3 for a group of plants 4, which absorb harmful substances from an oxygen-containing gaseous medium, and chambers 5, filled with plants b, saturating air with excreta (terpentoids), and also with tanks 7 and 8 for saturation phytoexcretes of the liquid medium (water, liquids and other liquid substances) 9, as well as with devices 10 and 11 for collecting (condensing) and accumulating 12 useful ingredients. At the same time, chambers 3, 5 for plants and reservoirs 1, 8 are equipped with devices 13 for regulating temperature, light and other modes, as well as shut-off valves and other fittings 14.

First, an oxygen-containing gaseous medium is fed into the chamber 3, filled with vegetative (intact) plants 4, absorbing harmful substances from the air (benzenes, phenols, carbon monoxide, etc.), then, through the air-conducting tubes 2, the air mixture is fed into the chamber 5, filled vegetative (intact) or specially prepared (e.g. incised) plants 6, where it is saturated

phytoexcretes. After that, with the help of compressor 1, the air mixture is fed into tanks 7 and 8, where it is passed under different pressures through water, liquids and / or other substances and, thus, saturated with these useful phytoexcretes, which are also collected using condensers (coolers ) 10 and accumulate in special containers under pressure 11 for subsequent use.

Example 1

As described, air was passed through a water tank through a chamber containing myrtle plants (Myrtus communis L.).

Processing time from 1 to 6 hours.

At the same time, our experiments showed that, under the influence of phytoexcretes saturated in the device with 7.1 mg / L of oxygen passing through water with the initial oxygen content, the oxygen content in it increases (see table 1). Table 1.

Processing time, h The oxygen content of mg / l in water with a temperature of 20 ° C when treating water with air (control) when treating water with air saturated with excrements of myrtle 1 7.5 9.1 2 8.4 9,4 b 8.7 9.8

Note: The differences are significant by the 1st student criterion (95% significance level).

At the same time, the amount of volatile terpenoids (essential oils) in the air stream increased from 1 mg per cubic meter after one hour of pumping air with a flow rate of 0.2 l / s through the chamber with plants in a closed loop to 4 mg / m ³ in 6 hours, and their content in water (water temperature + 25 ° С), through which this air was passed, is from 0.001 to 0.003 mg / l (at air temperature + 25 ° С and the amount of water is 1 l). At a temperature of pumped air + 35 ° C, the amount of volatile terpenoids in the air increased to 1.5 mg / m ³ after 1 hour of pumping with a flow rate of 0.2 l / s through a chamber with plants in a closed loop to 6 mg / m ³ in 6 hours, and their content in water (average water temperature + 27 ° C.) up to 0.008 (after 1 hour of pumping) and 0.029 mg / l (after b hours of pumping).

Thus, the heating of the pumped air, as well as the pumping time, make it possible to increase both the amount of terpenoids (essential oils) secreted by plants and the degree of saturation of water with them, through which air saturated with phytoexcretes is passed.

Example 2

In accordance with the described, was carried out through the tanks with various liquids a stream of air passing through the chamber with lavender plants.

Plants were additionally illuminated with light.

Table 2 shows the data on the effect of the power of additional illumination of plants in the saturation chamber on the oxygen content in water, mouthwash and cosmetic cream (the initial oxygen content in them is 8.7 mg / l, b, 1 mg / l, 2.8 mg / l, respectively) as a result of passing air through them with phytoexcretes. Table 2.

Air passage with phytoexcretes for 1 hour through: The oxygen content mg / l with additional lighting, W / m ² 100 300 500 Water 9.9 11.1 10.8 Mouthwash 8.4 9.6 9.0 Liquid cream 7.8 8.7 8.4

Note: The differences are significant by the 1st student criterion (95% significance level)

Thus, using the illumination of plants in saturating chambers, it is possible to control the oxygen content in the treated water, liquids and other substances.

Example 3

As described, air was passed through a water tank through a chamber containing lavender plants.

Table 3 shows the data on the effect of the air flow rate passed through lavender plants in the saturation chamber on the oxygen and terpenoid contents in water with the initial content of 8.1 mg / l after 1 hour of air treatment with phytoexcreta

Table 3

Air flow rate, l / s The content in water, mg / l oxygen terpenoids 0.2 9.1 0.002 0.5 10.5 0.011 1,0 12,4 0.019

Thus, an increase in air flow during pumping through chambers with plants and water tanks significantly increase the saturation of water with oxygen and terpenoids (essential oils).

Additional ultrasonic treatment of water with phytoexcretes (while passing a gas mixture with a flow rate of 1 l / s with phytoexcretes through water placed in a laboratory ultrasonic disperser) increases the oxygen content in water in 12 hours to 12.0 mg / l, up to 14.0 mg / l, terpenoids with 0.019 to 0.042 mg / l.

An increase in the amount of oxygen in water, liquid, or other substance makes them not only better for human consumption, but also contributes to a significant increase in fish productivity (1,2,3,8).

Example 4

The effect of the transmission time of air saturated with phytoexcretes through water on the population of Colli E. coli was investigated. For this, air flow was passed through chambers with distinguished plants. The data are shown in table 4.

Table 4

Plant species in
saturation chambers Collie Index The initial number of Escherichia coli After 1 hour In 2 hours in 6 hours Myrtle (Mug1i8 sot-munis L.) 65 40 34 29th Garlic (Allium sativum L.) 65 28 eleven 2 Garlic (album sativum L.) immediately after chopping 65 17 eleven 8

Note: The differences are significant by the 1st student criterion (95% significance level)

Thus, phytoncides contained in phytoexcretes significantly reduce the number of pathogens and improve water quality.

The works (6,7,11) showed the effective effect of volatile on harmful insects, etc.

Example 5

Table 5 shows data on the effect of the temperature of the gas mixture in phyto-chambers and the depth of its subsequent cooling on the amount of phytoexcretate condensate collected.

Table 5

Plant species in saturation chambers The amount of condensate collected (minus the liquid condensed from the gas mixture without phytoexcretes - control) in terms of 1 dm2 of sheet surface, g / hour A gas mixture of 25 C. v. * 40 C vh gas mixture * A gas mixture of 25 C. agricultural * 40 ° C gas mixture * MHpT (Myrtus com-munis L.) 1,1 4.9 4.4 9.2 Garlic (Allium sa-tivum L.) 1,6 5.3 5.2 12.9 Lavender 1.9 7.6 6.8 15.1

* -in.h. -condensation was carried out by cooling the gas mixture with phytoexcretes in a water refrigerator with running water at a temperature of +17 C.

s.h. -condensation was carried out using chilled ethyl alcohol with a temperature of -15 C

(the gas mixture with phytoexcretes is passed through a coil washed with running water or immersed in 96% ethanol, poured into the freezer)

Note: The differences are significant by the 1st student criterion (95% significance level)

It can be seen from the table that the amount of phytoexcretate condensate increases with an increase in the temperature of the gaseous medium in phytocameras and a decrease in the cooling temperature in condensation chambers.

Example b.

Table b shows the data on the influence of temperature and illumination of lavender plants on the number and type of phytoexcretes secreted. According to method 1, the amount of condensate in the collecting tank was determined after cooling the gas mixture at a temperature of +40 ° C with phytoexcretes after the alcohol cooling chamber. According to the second method, on the way to the phytocamera, the gas mixture was cleaned of water vapor and other substances using a special filter with absorbents (dried calcium chloride and activated carbon). A similar filter was installed at the outlet of the phytocamera. It was weighed before and 1 hour after passing through it a gas mixture with phytoexcretes. The total number of phytoexcretes was judged by the mass difference. The amount of essential oils and other organic substances was determined using organic solvents and gas chromatography.

Table 6.

Definition Method
divisions
Amount and type of phytoec Lighting in 300 Number of phytoexcretes vg / dm2 phytocamera
W / m2
% essential oils Without
Number fi
toxcretes in
g / dm2 lighting
% essential oils 1-condensation with cooling. -15 with alcohol 15,2 0.78% 18.7 1.58 2. After weighing. absorbent filter 17.1 0.95 19.6 2,4

Thus, by changing the lighting in the phytocamera, the amount of water, essential oils and other organic compounds collected as a result of absorption or condensation can be controlled.

Example 7

Table 7 shows the data on the effect of the biologically active substance of tomatooside (16), dissolved in irrigation water, on the amount of oxygen and terpenoids dissolved in water with an initial oxygen content of 7.9 mg / l when hourly phytoexcreta lavender is passed through it. The experiment was carried out one day after moistening the soil in the pot, where lavender grew, with the indicated solution of tomatooside. Table 7.

Option The content in water, mg / l oxygen terpenoids Control (watering) 9,4 0.019 Watering 0.001% Tomatoside 14.1 0.024 Control without watering 8.5 0.017

Thus, treatment of plants with biologically active substances can regulate the process of phytoexcreta isolation.

When using gaseous secretions of living (vegetative) or ground plants for water treatment (drinking, for baths, pools), alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks, food additives, dosage forms, liquids (perfumes, lotions, gargles), other substances (creams, muds) etc. a significant effect is achieved by increasing the content of oxygen, phytoncides, natural aromatic components with useful negative air ions, pure transpiration (extracted by plants) water, biologically active pheromones, etc.

Sources of information

1 Gahms H.-H. Tehcniche Beluftung Steigert Effectivitat der Forellenproduktion (Using aeration of ponds to grow trout). Z. Birmenfischerei DDR, 1988, t. 35, # 6, -s.209-214.

2. Kindschi G.A. Notes on two feed types and methods for steelhead trout production (Using two types of feed and rainbow trout feeding methods). Program. Fish-Cuturist, 1984, t. 46, # 1, p. 44-47

3. Rummler F., Pfeifer M. Erste Versuche zur K (l-2) -Production in einer Aniage mit Sauerstoffbegasung und Rundbecken. (The first experiments on the cultivation of one-year and two-year-old carps in oxygen-enriched round pools) Z. Binnenfischerei DDR, 1987,134, # 6, s. 179-185.

4. "A pillow made of herbs saves you from insomnia." 10/03/2003, http; // health.Pravda.ru/health/2003/23/105/420/13983_aromatherapy.html

5. N.V. Tsybulia, N.V. Kazarinova. “Sanitizing effect of volatile secretions of intact plants of common myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) as a part of interiors. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine No. 5, 1996, Ecology, pp. 597-600.

6. Grodzinsky A.M. Phytodesign and phytoncides. -K.: Naukova Dumka. 1973

7. Grodzinsky A.M. Experimental allelopathy. -Naukova Dumka. 1987.

8. Scepter V.P. Air ions and life. Saransk, typ. Red October, 1997.

9. Revell P., Revell C. The environment of our habitat. In 4 volumes. Book 2. Water and air pollution: Per. from English.-World. 1995.

10. Filin V.A. Videoecology. What is good for the eye and what is bad. M. MC “Videoecology”, 1997.

11. Sun Min Kim, Kikue Kubota, and Akio Kobayashi. Antioxidative activity of Sulfur-containing Flavor Compaunds in Garlic. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 61 (9), 1482-1485, 1997.

12. R.A. Degree, Churkin S.P. Volatile discharge of pine. Krasnoyarsk: IliD SB USSR. 1982. 138 p.

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15. Chiamw. Y., Huang Y., Chen S.V., Ho S.H. Toxic and antifeedant effects ofallyl di-sulfide on Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus reamais. J. econ. Entomol., 1999, vol. 92, No. 1, P.239-245 (Toxic and antifidant effect of allyldisulphide (volatile compound secreted by garlic plants) on the club-mouthed shrub and corn weevil).

16. E.I. Blank, A. G. Zhakote and others. Method for pre-sowing treatment of sugar beet seeds. Copyright USSR No. 993845.1980.

Claims (6)

1. A device for processing a liquid medium containing a means of pumping a gaseous medium, at least one reservoir for a liquid medium, at least one chamber with plants that secrete phytoexcretes, while the discharge outlet of said means is connected to a reservoir for a liquid medium, and suction inlet - with a chamber with plants secreting phytoexcretes. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one corresponding chamber with plants that absorb impurities, connected to a chamber with plants that secrete phytoexcretes. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the plant chambers and reservoirs for the liquid medium are equipped with devices for controlling at least one of the modes: water, gas, food, light, as well as for at least one type of processing plants: chemical, sound, light, electromagnetic. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a device for condensation of excreta, installed at the outlet of the tank with a liquid medium. 5. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cameras are made in the form of a toroid. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tank is made in the form of a bath or pool.